MA (Tshivenda) / Senthara ya M.E. R. Mathivha ya Nyambo dza Afrika, Vhutsila na Mvelele / Muvhuso wa vhukoḽoni u tshi swika kha ḽino ḽa Afrika Tshipembe hu vhonala hu tshi nga wo vha wo ḓisa nḓaḓo na masiandaitwa mivhusoni ya vhongwaniwapo vha vharema, vhe vha vhonala vha tshi nga vho vha vho dzula zwavhuḓi ḽo lala. U bva zwenezwo hu vhonala hu tshi nga yo sia nḓaḓo na masiandaitwa azwo. Zwi vhonala zwi tshi vho nga tshilonda tshi sa phuphei tshine tsha dzulela u ṅweka tshi sa fholi u swika na ṋamusi. Ndivho ya iyi ṱhoḓisiso ndi u ita tsenguluso ya tsudzuluswo ya vhuluvha ha vhalanda u bva kha vhurangaphanḓa ha sialala u ya kha vhorapoḽotiki vha muvhuso tshiṱirikini tsha Vhembe. Muṱoḓisisi u ḓo shumisa ngona nthihi fhedzi, ndi ngona ya khwaḽithethivi. Kha ngona ya khwaḽithethivi muṱoḓisisi u ḓo kuvhanganya mafhungo awe nga u shumisa mbudzisavhathu na mbudziso. Vhurangaphanḓa ha sialala vhu vhonala vhu tshi nga vhu ḓo vhuelwa nga u luvhiwa, u ṱhonifhiwa, u wana mashango avho murahu khathihi na u ḓo swikelela kha u vha tshipiḓa tsha komiti ya vhusimamilayo ya muvhuso wa masipala, tshiṱirikini tsha Vhembe, vunduni ḽa Ḽimpopo. Ṱhoḓisiso iyi yo livha kha u tandulula thaidzo ya u sudzuluswa ha vhuluvha ha vhadzulapo u bva kha vhurangaphanḓa ha sialala u ya kha vhorapoḽotiki vha muvhuso. Ṱhoḓisisoni iyi hu vhonala zwi tshi nga hu ḓo konanywa vhurangaphanḓa ha sialala na vhorapoḽotiki, u tandulula thaidzo ya u sudzuluswa ha vhuluvha, u sa vha hone ha tshumisano vhukati ha vhurangaphanḓa ha sialala na vhorapoḽotiki vha muvhuso, u sa vha hone ha komiti ya ṱhanganelano masipalani, vhurangaphanḓa ha sialala na vhorapoḽotiki vha vhonala vha tshi ḓo ḓivha nḓila dzine vha nga dzi tevhela u vhuedzedza mashango kha vhaṋe vhao. Ṱhanganelano ya vhuvhusi ha shango na komiti ya mahosi, zwi vhonala i tshi nga vha yone nḓila ine ya nga fhelisa mifhirifhiri na pfhudzungule tshiṱirikini tsha Vhembe, vunduni ḽa Ḽimpopo, Afrika Tshipembe. / NRF

Thesis (MPA)--Stellenbosch University, 2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Overberg District Municipality is required by law to develop and implement a organisational performance management system. This requirement by law is in recognition of the need for government to take real steps to ensure that municipalities effectively deliver on their constitutional mandate. The transformation of local government ushered in a pertinent focus on developing and implementing performance management systems. The researcher experienced that municipalities are at this stage primarily focusing on developing systems for organisational performance management, resulting in minimum attention to individual performance management. The purpose of this research is to develop an individual performance management instrument, integrating the strategic objectives as identified in the Integrated Development Plan of the Overberg District Municipality with the objectives of the individual. The proposed instrument should enhance integrated human resource management and be commensurate with applicable labour legislation. A literature review of performance management and related human resource management practices was conducted in order to gain better insight into the topic. Further to this, legislation and policy documents were analysed with specific reference to performance management. After gathering the information through the literature review, a proposed individual performance management instrument was developed and submitted to subject matter experts for their input. The research is concluded with a presentation of recommendations for implementation at Overberg District Municipality. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Overberg Distriksmunisipaliteit moet volgens wet 'n organisatoriese prestasiebestuurstelsel ontwikkel en implementeer. Hierdie wetlike vereiste erken die vereiste dat die regering doelgerigte stappe moet doen om te verseker dat munisipaliteite hul grondwetlike mandaat doeltreffend uitvoer. Die transformasie van plaaslike regering het 'n besliste fokus op die ontwikkeling en implementering van prestasiebestuurstelsels meegebring. Die navorser het ondervind dat munisipaliteite op hierdie stadium hoofsaaklik op die ontwikkeling van stelsels vir organisatoriese prestasiebestuur ingestel is, en dus die minimum aandag aan individuele prestasiebestuur gee. Die oogmerk van hierdie navorsing is om 'n individuele prestasiebestuursinstrument te ontwikkel, en daardeur die strategiese doelwitte wat in die Geintegreerde Ontwikkelingsplan van die Overberg Distriksmunisipaliteit geidentifiseer is, met die individu se doelwitte te integreer. Die voorgestelde instrument moet geintegreerde menslikehulpbronbestuur versterk en in ooreenstemming met toepaslike arbeidswetgewing wees. 'n Literatuuroorsig van prestasiebestuur en verwante menslike hulpbronbestuurspraktyke is gedoen ten einde 'n beter begrip van die onderwerp te kry. Verder is wetgewing en beleidsdokumente ontleed met spesifieke verwysing na prestasiebestuur. Nadat die inligting by wyse van die literatuuroorsig versamel is, is 'n voorgestelde individuele prestasiebestuursinstrument ontwikkel en aan kundiges op hierdie gebied voorgelê vir hulle insette. Die navorsing is afgesluit met aanbevelings vir implementering by die Overberg Distriksmunisipaliteit.

Thesis (MBA) -- Stellenbosch University, 2007. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This research report is about the implementation of strategy in a developmental orientated municipality. It demonstrates through a case study how the Department of Financial Services implements the long-term goals and objectives of the Naledi Local Municipality. It also demonstrates how the strategic integrated development plan and the budget of the municipality direct the service delivery and budget implementation action plans of the municipality and its departments. A departmental scorecard for the Department of Financial Services and an individual scorecard for the Manager: Financial Services was developed, based on the municipality's corporate scorecard. The Balanced Scorecard as a tool to focus and align resources towards the municipality's strategy was used as implementation model. Key performance areas, key performance indicators and targets were also developed to ensure that strategy to be implemented can be measured. The case study clearly indicates that the municipality is on the right track with regard to the implementation of strategy in theory and in practice. However, certain issues are highlighted as hindrances that will undoubtedly impact on the successful implementation of the municipality's long-term goals and objectives. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie navorsingverslag handel oor 'n gevallestudie van strategie implimentering in 'n ontwikkelingsgerigte munisipaliteij. Die gevaliestudie demonstreer hoe die Departement van Finansiele Dienste die langtermyn doelwilte en doelstellings van die Naledi Plaaslike Munisipaliteit implimenteer. Die gevallestudie demonstreer verder ook hoe die strategiese geIntegreerde ontwikkelingsplan en begroting van die munisipaliteit die dienslewering en begroting-implimenteringsaksieplanne van die munisipaliteit en sy departemente rig. 'n Departementele telkaart vir die Department van Finansiele Dienste en 'n individuele telkaart vir die Bestuurder: Finansiele Dienste, gebaseer op die korporatiewe telkaart, is ook ontwikkei. Die Gebalanseerde Telkaart is gebruik as 'n instrument om hulpbronne te lokus op die munisipaliteit se S6 strategie. Sleutelprestasie-areas, sleutelprestasie-indikatore en -teikens is ontwikkel om te verseker dat die implimentering van strategie gemeet kan word. Die gevaliestudie toon duidelik ook aan dat die munisipaliteit in teorie en in praktyk op die regte spoor is met die implimentering van strategie. Sakere kwessies word egter uitgelig as hindemisse wat die suksesvolle implimentering van die munisipaliteit S6 langtermyn doelwilte en doelsteliings ongetwyfeld sal beInvloed.

Thesis (MBA) -- Stellenbosch University, 2007. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The study was motivated by the widely reported problem of poor financial management within South African local government and, more specifically, the deteriorating status of revenue management, especially in medium to smaller municipalities. The reasons for the alleged poor financial management are complex and involve issues of management capacity, inappropriate systems, and socio-economic circumstances. It is obvious that a holistic approach will be required to address such a multi-ciimensional problem. This research proposes to suggest solutions to the revenue management problems facing South African municipalities. If this issue is not resolved urgently, local government will impede service delivery rather than improve it. Service delivery is key to the integration of South Africa's first economy into a second economy. The specific objectives of the research are; firstly, to develop a revenue management value chain model specific for municipalities; and, secondly, to conduct an analysis of the Lukhanji Local Municipality's financial status against the value chain model. To attain the objectives of this study existing literature and the scope of the problem must first be examined and understood. It is evident that the prevailing revenue management problem experienced, lie with the local government themselves in terms of their inadequate financial management. These problems have placed Significant pressure on municipalities' cash flows and eroded their financial resources. In turn, this has resulted in questionable sustainability and financial via bility, as the problematic cash position of municipalities has impacted negatively on their capital and maintenance expenditure. One of the greatest challenges facing local government is the collection of revenue raised for services rendered to various consumers. Of the various actions taken by government to address the current crisis situation in municipalities in the short to medium term, national grants to sponsor capital projects and services have been key in Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za iv ensuring that the decrease in municipal expenditure has not been greater, preventing the potentially disastrous consequences. The Municipal Finance Management Act, together with the Municipal Structures Act, Municipal Systems Act; and also the Constitution provide a well -defined financial framework within which local government can function. The research also reviewed all four main revenue sources of local government, namely own revenue {utility fees and property tax}; subsidies through intergovernmental transfers; loans; and private-sector equity. Despite the improvement in intergovernmental transfers, it is important that all municipalities maximise their own revenue, while considering those that cannot afford basic services. The research proposes the following revenue management value chain model, specifically for South African municipalities: Revenue Planning Indigent Management Tanff Setling ~ Metering Billing Customer Database Management Revenue Coliection I) Credit Control Loss Management In the analYSis of the Lukhanji Local Municipality's financial status against the value chain model, it became evident that problems existed in all elements of the value chain. General financial and viability assessments supported the above finding and indicated financial difficulties and serious cash-flow problems. The research present several recommendations regarding the improvement of poor financial management in South African municipalities and the Lukhanji Local Municipality. However, in brief, urgent attention is required in terms of the Lukhanji Local Municipality's cash-flow in the short term, while a performance-driven culture needs to be developed in the long term. Lastly, local government in general, and the Lukhanji Local Municipality specifically, will succeed in improving their revenue management if they harness the collective will and skills of all the stakeholders involved in the provision of services. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die studie spruit voort uit die negatiewe publisiteit oor die probleem van swak finansi~le bestuur in plaaslike regering en, meer spesifiek, die verslegtende stand van inkomstebestuur, veral in mid del slag- tot klein munisipaliteite. Die redes is ingewikkeld en behels probleme met bestuursvermo~, onvanpaste stelsels, 'n kultuur van nie-hetaling, en sosio-ekonomiese omstandighede. 'n Holistiese benadering is ooglopend nadig om die vee/dimensionele probleem op te los. Die doel van die navorsing is om by te dra tot die vind van oplossings vi r die inkomstebestuursprobleme wat munisipaliteite in die gesig staar. Indien die situasie nie dringend omgekeer word nie, bestaan die gevaar dat ons munisipaliteite in bankrotskap gebring kan word , wat beteken dat hulle nie hul grondwetlike verpligting sal kan nakom nie en dat hulle dienslewering sal belemmer en dit verbeter nie. Goeie dienslewering is die sleutel vir die integrasie van Suid Afrika se eerste ekonomie met die tweede ekonomie. Die doelwitte van die navorsing is; eerstens, om 'n spesifieke inkomstebestuurs-waardekettingmodel vir munisipaliteite te ontwikkel; en meedens, om Lukhanji Plaaslike Munisipaliteit se finansiele status teen die model te meet. Om die doelwitte te bereik moet die probleem vestaan word deur bestaande literatuur te bestudeer . Oit is duidelik dat die heersende inkomstebestuurs probleme h§ by die plaaslike regering in terme van hul onvoldoende finansiele bestuur. Die probleme het geweldige druk op munisipaliteite se kontantvloei gesit en sodoende hul hulpbronne gedreineer. Oit het 'n vraagteken geplaas op die volhoubaarheid en finansiele lewensvatbaarheid van munisipaliteite as gevolg van die kontant probleme se negatiewe impak op die kapitale en instandhouding bestedings. Een van die grootste uitdagings waarvoor plaaslike regering te staan kom, is die invordering van inkomste wat gehef word vir dienste wat aan verskeie verbruikers gelewer word . As dit nie vir die Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za vii nation ale tussenregeringsoordragte, vir beide dienslewering en kapitaal projekte was nie, sou munisipaliteite met baie erger probleme gesit het. Die Wet op die Bestuur van Munisipale Finansies, tesame met die Wet op Munisipale Strukture; die Wet op Munisipale Stelsels; asook die Grondwet verskaf 'n goed omskrewe finansif!le raamwerk binne plaaslike regering. Die studie behandel die vier vernaamste inkomstebronne van plaaslike regering, wat eie inkomste (utiliteitsgelde en eiendomsbelasting), subsidies deur tussenregeringsoordragte, lenings en privaatsektor-ekwiteit insluit. Ten spyte van die verbetering van tussenregeringsoordragte vir sommige jurisdiksies, is dit belangrik dat aile munisipaliteite huJ eie inkomste maksimeer, met die fokus op diegene wat wei basiese dienste kan bekostig. Die navorsing doen die volgende inkomstebestuurs-waardekettingmodel spesifiek vir munisipaliteite aan die hand: Inkomstebeplanning Bestuur van hulpbehoe- Tarief· wendes vasstelling C. Metenesing Fakturering Klante- Databasisbestuur Inkomsteinvordering ~ Kredietbeheer Verliesbestuur By die ontleding van die Lukhanji Plaaslike Munisipaliteit se finansiele status teenoor die waardekettingmodel het dit duidel ik geblyk dat probleme in al die elemente van die waardeketting bestaan. Die algemene finansiele ontleding en finansiele lewensvatbaarheidsmodel ondersteun die bostaande bevindinge en toon dat die Munisipaliteit in ernstige finansiele moeilikheid verkeer. Die navorsing sluit verskeie onderling velWante aanbevelings oor die verbetering van swak finansieJe bestuur in Suid Afrikaanse munisipaliteite en die Lukhanji PlaasJike Munisipaliteit in. Die Munisipaliteit se kontantvloei het veral dringende aandag nodig in die korttermyn, terwyl die Munisipaliteit 'n kultuur van prestasiebestuur in the langtermyn moet ontwikkel. Plaaslike regering oor die algemeen en die Lukhanji Plaaslike Munisipaliteit in die besonder sal net in hul inkomstebestuur slaag as hulle die gesamentlike wil en vermof!ns van al die belanghebbendes wat by die verskaffing van dienste betrokke is, kan aanwend.

Theses (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2003. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The municipal elections of 5 December 2000 ushered in the final phase in the transformation of local government in South Africa. Legislation and directives from national government require that municipalities operate within a context of a strategic framework. This strategic framework, or Integrated Development Plan, determines how a municipality in an integrated practical approach, implement its legislative mandates obtained from the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 the Local Government: Municipal Structures Act, 1998 and other legislation. In the past municipalities were characterized by operating within strong functional divisions or departments. It was inevitable that service delivery, career development and performance management developed within the context of functional isolation. However, the solutions to many of the socio-economic problems which face municipalities require that it have to be dealt with in a multi disciplinary manner. Based on the legislative framework in which municipalities operate, as well as the directives from national government, the study concluded that Eden District Municipality is obliged to reconsider its present operational methodologies. Based on a literature study of organisational structures and the introduction of project management within organisations, a number of recommendations are formulated to assist Eden District Municipality in the implementation of project management as strategic objective. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Transformasie van plaaslike regering in Suid-Afrika het sy finale beslag gevind na die munisipale verkiesings van 5 Desember 2000. Wetgewing en voorskrifte van die nasionale regering vereis tans dat munisipale owerhede sal opereer binne die konteks van 'n strategiese raamwerk. Sodanige raamwerk, of Geïntegreerde Ontwikkelingsplan, bepaal die wyse waarop 'n munisipaliteit op 'n geïntegreerde wyse praktiese beslag moet gee aan die funksionale mandate soos ontleen uit die Grondwet van die Republiek van Suid-Afrika, 1996, Plaaslike Regering: Munisipale Strukturewet, 1998 en ander wetgewing. Munisipaliteite in Suid-Afrika is egter in die verlede gekenmerk deur departementalisering streng binne funksionele konteks. Gevolglik het dienslewering, loopbaanontwikkeling en prestasiemeting onvermydelik ook in 'n patroon van funksionele isolasie ontwikkel. Die sosio ekonomiese -eise wat munisipaliteite tans die hoof moet bied, kan egter beswaarlik binne 'n enkel dimensionele funksionele benadering hanteer word. Gegrond op die vereistes van die wetgewende raamwerk wat plaaslike regering in Suid-Afrika reguleer, sowel as die voorskrifte van die nasionale regering, word in die studie bevind dat dit onafwendbaar vir Eden Distriksmunisipaliteit is om sy bestaande operasionele metodologië in heroorweging te neem. Op grond van 'n literatuurstudie van organisasiestrukture en die toepassing van projekbestuur in organisasies, word bepaalde voorstelle aan die Eden Distriksmunisipaliteit geformuleer om projekbestuur as strategiese oogmerk te implementeer.

<p>This study focused on municipal service delivery campaigns before the advent of the integrated development planning framework. In particular, the focus was on the role played by the Masakhane campaign in improving service delivery and contributing to a better life for the community of the greater Middelburg in Mpumalanga Province. The municipality of the greater Middelburg won several awards in recognition of its achievements in the Masakhane campaign and serves as a model example for other municipalities.</p>

Thesis is submitted in partial fulfilment for the degree of Master of Science in Building (Construction Project Management) to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, School of Construction Economics and Management at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2017 / Access to housing and safe accommodation is an essential part of the South African government’s commitment to poverty relief and the improvement of the wellbeing of its people. Despite the substantial commitment and progress by the South African government towards ensuring adequate housing, much still needs to be done to combat the existing challenges facing the low-cost housing industry. Amongst various challenges, the low-cost housing sector faces challenges of poor quality houses. The level of dissatisfaction due to poor quality appears to be dominant in the low-cost housing sector. These challenges are crucial as the impact is severely noticeable, both socially and economically. The literature reviewed and the data collected is indicative that the use of emerging contractors who are likely inexperienced in the construction of low-cost houses is one of the major contributing factors to the poor quality of the end product. Emerging contractors form a majority of the construction contractors in the country and have been identified to play a vital role in the construction of low-cost houses. Constraints experienced by emerging contractors are posing risk to the projects and pose a challenge to the successful completion of these projects. The under-development of emerging contractors has resulted in poor workmanship and poor quality low-cost houses. Subsequent to the identified problem areas, this study on investigation of the factors required to improve the quality of low-cost houses in eThekwini municipality, KwaZulu Natal was initiated. The research objectives pursued by this study aimed to compare the contributing factors to the poor quality of low-cost houses as perceived by housing project managers and emerging contractors; to compare key factors that can be improved to enhance the quality of low-cost houses as perceived by project managers and emerging contractors; and to identify quality management mechanisms currently available in the construction of low-cost houses and determine their influence level. A mixed research methodology was employed, using the survey method as the research design and data collection, through semi-structured questionnaires. The questionnaires were hand delivered to forty (40) participants and twenty seven (27) 2 2 responses were received and analysed, which comprised ten (10) project managers and seventeen (17) emerging contractors. Results from the study showed that there are undeniably issues of poor quality that include foundation failures, structural cracks and leaking roofs in the low-cost housing sector in eThekwini, KwaZulu Natal. It is evident from the analysis that there are many probable underlying causes to the poor quality of low-cost houses, which include: lack of continuous development for emerging contractors; insufficient subsidy amounts; the use of inferior materials; and the use of unskilled labourers on site. The results of the study indicated that shortcomings exist in terms of the necessary skills among emerging contractors, which means there is a huge need for continuous training on different important skills. The need for training of emerging contractors is enormous and that all aspects in terms of training should be considered to be of equal importance. It can also be determined that there is a lack quality management framework within the department and the municipality. These quality management frameworks need to be developed to ensure improvement in quality of the low-cost houses. / XL2018

A research report submitted to the Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, University of the Witwatersrand, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Management in the field of Public Policy / This study investigates oversight and accountability in the City of Johannesburg. The study explores the City of Johannesburg’s new governance model as implemented after the 2006 local government elections. The study is premised on establishing an understanding of the issues that the City of Johannesburg is grappling with since rolling out its oversight and accountability model as adopted by its Council in 2006. The Constitution of South Africa (1996) vests both the executive and legislative authority in the Municipal Council. This is in contrast to other spheres of government, namely National and Provincial, whereby there are specific chapters on what the Executive, the Parliament and Provincial Legislatures powers are. The study begins by discussing the cases of separation of powers in local government in the United Kingdom and the City of Johannesburg governance model and the rationale behind implementing such a model. The study then makes an analysis of the legislative framework in South Africa that gives expression to oversight and accountability in government broadly. The study discusses its research methodology and the rationale for such a methodology in investigating issues that the City of Johannesburg is faced with in implementing its oversight and accountability model. In this case study the researcher explores the functionality of the model. In doing so, the researcher then proposes ways of ensuring that the oversight and accountability could be more effective and whether there are any legislative impediments, and then propose to national law makers what needs to be done as informed by the research conducted

This research report submitted to the Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Environmental Science. Johannesburg, 2016 Research work and course work. Johannesburg, 2016. / The unprecedented population growth, urbanisation and accelerating living standards, significant amounts of solid waste have accumulated all over the world. These changes, therefore, left most municipalities in African countries grappling to find viable solutions to their waste management problems (Özbay 2015). Indeed, studies have shown that the estimated annual growth rate of MSW is 3.2% to 4.5% for developed countries and 2% to 3% for developing countries (Özbay 2015). Notably, continuous increase in accumulation of solid wastes poses risks to not only human health but to the ecological environment (Al-Khatib, Kontogianni, Abu Nabaa, Alshami & Al-Sari 2015; Menikpura, Gheewala & Bonnet 2012). Improper waste management stems from the poor implementations of policies and regulations, to identify the most sustainable approaches to dealing with waste as to meet environmental and socio-economic aspirations, to address waste management efficiently. The objectives of this research are as follow:  Locate, consolidate and organise secondary data that is relevant to understanding the specific waste management situation of Benoni, Ekurhuleni.  Identify the importance of Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM).  Analyse these data and determine how it can be utilised in the case of Benoni.  Identify and suggest the best strategy implement an effective MSWM system, and  Discuss the difficulties and challenges faced by Benoni and Ekurhuleni at large, due to ineffective and inefficient MSWM. The case study area Benoni is a mere example to highlight waste management burdens and challenges, which might be characteristic of most African towns. This research seeks to understand the solid waste collection and proper disposal in informal areas of Benoni and the environmental impacts thereof. In particular, the research assumes that there is yet to be implemented a more rigid and structured approach to waste management in the area which justifies and necessitates the need for research aimed at shedding light on how modern waste management systems can be adapted to the case of the informal settlements in this area. Proper waste management implementation will benefit both the specific community in informal parts of Benoni as well as the global practice of waste management. This study used the qualitative method to describe, explore, and discover phenomena related to MSWM in Benoni (Creswell, 2003). Qualitative research is typically interpretive, with the researcher using critical analysis for the interpretation of data collected (Shenton & Hay-Gibson, 2009). The quantitative research uses hypotheses in determining the form, quantity, and scope of data to be collected (Morse & Richards 2002). In doing so, the researcher pre-empts alternative ways through which the study questions may be addressed. On the other hand, qualitative investigations are not pre-emptive. In this study of MSWM in Benoni, the form, quantity, and scope of inquiry hinged upon the research questions, the study purpose, and goals, as well as from the data collected (Morse & Richards 2002). 3 Benoni has reached the dilemma in which adverse health and environmental impacts of ineffective waste management are felt, while the numbers of landfill sites have been decreasing with no planning in evidence for establishing new ones. Because of these, improvements to Benoni's MSWM will entail the cooperation of all tiers of Government as well as industry and the commercial sectors. The EMM will have to restructure the recycling industry with the support of waste management legislation. An option that EMM has is to contemplate upon the outsourcing of the management of sanitary landfill sites to public-private partnerships, based on study findings that these discharges are better managed in South Africa (Naidoo 2009). In the case of Benoni, albeit the EMM has sufficient resources to manage waste effectively, there were numerous gaps related to the challenges that exist within the municipality's waste management sector. For instance, household wastes are not timely collected, and no notices are given when collection dates are changed (Tembon 2012). Apart from these, Benoni has an underdeveloped recycling system perhaps largely because the EMM itself has no comprehensive municipal recycling program and recycling facilities. Somehow, this contradicts the impression being given by providers that they have access to all the necessary resources needed for them to be effective in their work. This research will discuss an approach to strengthening the capacity to solve the problems that come with MSWM, along with investigating whether modern waste management practices are be present implemented such as; waste diversion from landfills, as well as shifting from incinerators and using unlined landfill sites to more sustainable methods. Based on the combined experiences in the three cases, some recommendations may stand in Benoni Ekurhuleni. First, every member of the community should be empowered with education and skills on waste management to increase their levels of participation in waste sorting at the source of generation. Public involvement will encourage effective recycling that ultimately generates income. This will be particularly useful to Benoni's squatter communities. Benoni has to look into the possibility of providing skills to informal settlers so that they can construct well-planned houses for themselves. With assistance from the national government, the EMM can decide whether this type of housing can be subsidised. Third, it is essential that EMM involves stakeholders from the different sectors of the municipal area in the planning and implementation of waste management strategies. Group leaders from various communities as well as social groups such as church communities should be invited to participate because they are crucial links between the council and the community. / LG2017

The thesis develops a new approach to community participation, for application to infrastructure provision projects in developing cour..rles, based upon social surveys and case studies of negotiations in five South African communities. Existing approaches to community participation are analysed and shown to be unsuitable for infrastructure provision. The thesis compares the characteristics of infrastructure projects with those of other types of development projects and demonstrates how these characteristics can be used to situate a given project within a project environment defined in terms of two variables: the openness of government to community involvement in decision-making, and project complexity. Social .urveys carried out in Soweto and KwaThandeka showed the centrality of infrastructure to social change in South Africa. Existing urban management systems were unable to cope with the stresses placed upon them. Four facets of urban management were identified as being under stress: institutional capacity, legitimacy, affordability, and user convenience. These stresses cha,nge the nature of infrastructure provision from the supply of end products into a complex process. Central to this process are: an increased number of actors influencing C:....cisions, the enhanced role of technical professionals, and the social implications of different levels of service