O trabalho aqui apresentado teve como objetivo, avaliar o método de Eaton (1975) aplicado ao cálculo de pressão de poros das formações rochosas em subsuperfície, utilizando dados de perfis de poços no que diz respeito a porosidade, tais como, o Tempo de Transito da onda compressional, Resistividade, Densidade e Neutrão. Posteriormente foi avaliado o resultado alcançado por esta técnica e confrontado com o dado obtido pelo registro de pressão real da formação, adquirido pela ferramenta de perfilagem MDT. Distribuídos em 6 poços perfurados na porção sul da Bacia de Campos, o intervalo cronoestratigráfico estudado está compreendido no período geológico Terciário, e os registros de pressão real da formação foram adquiridos nos reservatórios turbidíticos da Formação Carapebus (Eoceno). Apesar de existir um mecanismo causador de anomalia de pressão na bacia (Desequilíbrio de Compactação Difícil migração dos fluidos ao longo do tempo geológico) devido ao forte aporte sedimentar sustentado pelo soerguimento da Serra do Mar no Eoceno, os resultados encontrados não apontaram qualquer tipo de alteração nas respostas dos perfis utilizados, onde a referência foi a assinatura do perfil sônico em um trend normal de compactação compreendido por rochas argilosas dentro do intervalo cronoestratigráfico estudado. O presente trabalho atesta que a boa calibração do trend de ompactação normal em rochas argilosas, juntamente com a similaridade entre o resultado obtido pelo cálculo da pressão de poros a partir do perfil sônico, e os valores reais registrados diretamente na formação, pela ferramenta de registro de pressões (MDT), comprovam a aplicabilidade do método de Eaton (1975) para o cálculo de geopressões a partir de um conjunto básico de perfis de poços tais como: Raios Gama, Resistividade, Velocidade Acústica, Densidade e Neutrão / The work presented here aimed to assess the method of Eaton (1975) applied to the pore pressure calculation of rock formations in the subsurface, using well logs data regarding porosity, such as the Transit Time of compressional wave, resistivity, density and Neutron. Subsequently it evaluated the result achieved by this technique and confronted with the data obtained by the real pressure record of formation, acquired by logging tool MDT. Distributed in 6 wells drilled in the southern portion of the Campos Basin, the study chronostratigraphic range comes under Tertiary geological period, and the actual pressure records of the training was acquired in turbidite reservoirs Carapebus Formation (Eocene). Although there is a causative mechanism of pressure anomaly in the basin (Imbalance Compression - Hard migration of fluid over geological time) due to the strong contribution sedimentary supported by the Serra do Mar uplift in the Eocene, the results did not show any changes in the responses of used logs, where the reference was the signing of the sonic log in a normal compaction trend comprised of argillaceous rocks within the chronostratigraphic range studied. This study confirms that good calibration of the normal compaction trend in argillaceous rocks, along with the similarity between the results obtained by the pore pressure calculation from the sonic log, and actual amounts recorded directly in formation, the registration tool pressures (MDT), demonstrate the applicability of the method Eaton (1975) for calculating geopressões from a basic set of well logs such as gamma rays, resistivity, acoustic speed, density, and neutron

Nos depósitos cenozóicos da Bacia de Taubaté são encontrados depósitos de folhelhos betuminosos (oleígenos) pertencentes à Formação Tremembé, de idade oligocênica, que durante alguns anos na década de 50 foram investigados com relação ao seu aproveitamento econômico através da extração industrial do óleo nele contido. Entretanto, em face de aspectos tecnológicos e conjunturais da época, esse aproveitamento industrial foi considerado inviável do ponto de vista econômico. Nesta dissertação é proposta uma aplicação da perfilagem geofísica para a caracterização da faciologia dos folhelhos betuminosos da Formação Tremembé, tendo como objetivo principal a identificação das eletrofácies nos perfis elétricos, através de uma metodologia robusta e consistente. A identificação de eletrofácies é importante para ajudar na determinação da caracterização de uma reserva não convencional e na análise da viabilidade econômica. Neste estudo foram utilizados os perfis convencionais de poço: Raio gama, resitividade, potencial espontâneo e sônico. Os dados de perfis de poços foram integrados com os testemunhos e dados geoquímicos, mais precisamente os dados de COT, S, IH, S2 para uma caracterização realística das eletrofácies. Os dados foram obtidos a partir de três sondagens rotativas realizadas na Bacia de Taubaté, resultantes de testemunhagem contínua e perfilagem a cabo ao longo do intervalo de folhelhos da Formação Tremembé. A partir disto, obtém-se como resposta um modelo específico para cada litologia, onde cada pico corresponde a uma eletrofácies, permitindo o estabelecimento de alguns padrões ou assinaturas geofísicas para as principais fácies ocorrentes. Como resultado deste trabalho, foi possível correlacionar as eletrofácies entre os poços numa seção modelo, a partir de similaridade lateral das eletrofácies entre os marcos estratigráficos representado, foi possível observar a continuidade de duas sequências de folhelhos betuminoso com alto teores de COT, S, IH, S2, considerados os mais importantes do ponto de vista econômico e gerado um modelo faciológico 2D e 3D dessas camadas. Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho são bastante promissores, apontando para a possibilidade de aplicação desta técnica a outros poços da Bacia de Taubaté, fornecendo subsídios relevantes à determinação da evolução sedimentar. / At the Cenozoic deposits in the Taubaté Basin are found deposits of bituminous shale (oil Shale) belonging to Tremembé Formation, Oligocene, which for some years in the 50s were investigated with respect to its economic exploitation by the industrial extraction of oil contained therein. However, in the face of technological issues and conjuncture of this time, the industrial use was considered unfeasible economically. This dissertation proposed an application of geophysical Well Log for the faciology characterization of bituminous shale in Tremembé Formation, having as main objective the identification of electrofacies on electric logs, through a robust and consistent methodology. The identification of electrofacies is important to help determine the characterization of an unconventional reserves and economic viability analysis. In this study we used the conventional Well Logs: Gama Ray, resistivity, spontaneous potential and sonic. Data from well logs were integrated with the core and geochemical data, specifically data from TOC, S, IH, S2 for a realistic characterization of electrofacies. Data were obtained from three Wells in Taubaté Basin, resulting from continuous coring and wireline log along the Tremembé Formation shales. From this response is obtained as a model for each lithology, where each peak corresponds to an electrofacies, allowing the establishment of some patterns geophysical for the main facies occurring. As a result of this study, it was possible to correlate the electrofacies between wells in a section model, from sideways similarity of electrofacies between the represented marks stratigraphic , It was possible to observe the continuity of two sequences of bituminous shales with high TOC, S, IH , S2, which are considered the most important of point of economic view, and generated a 2D and 3D facies model of these layers. The present results are very promising, pointing to the possibility of applying this technique to other wells in the Basin Taubaté, providing subsidies relevant to the determination of sedimentary evolution.

O trabalho aqui apresentado teve como objetivo, avaliar o método de Eaton (1975) aplicado ao cálculo de pressão de poros das formações rochosas em subsuperfície, utilizando dados de perfis de poços no que diz respeito a porosidade, tais como, o Tempo de Transito da onda compressional, Resistividade, Densidade e Neutrão. Posteriormente foi avaliado o resultado alcançado por esta técnica e confrontado com o dado obtido pelo registro de pressão real da formação, adquirido pela ferramenta de perfilagem MDT. Distribuídos em 6 poços perfurados na porção sul da Bacia de Campos, o intervalo cronoestratigráfico estudado está compreendido no período geológico Terciário, e os registros de pressão real da formação foram adquiridos nos reservatórios turbidíticos da Formação Carapebus (Eoceno). Apesar de existir um mecanismo causador de anomalia de pressão na bacia (Desequilíbrio de Compactação Difícil migração dos fluidos ao longo do tempo geológico) devido ao forte aporte sedimentar sustentado pelo soerguimento da Serra do Mar no Eoceno, os resultados encontrados não apontaram qualquer tipo de alteração nas respostas dos perfis utilizados, onde a referência foi a assinatura do perfil sônico em um trend normal de compactação compreendido por rochas argilosas dentro do intervalo cronoestratigráfico estudado. O presente trabalho atesta que a boa calibração do trend de ompactação normal em rochas argilosas, juntamente com a similaridade entre o resultado obtido pelo cálculo da pressão de poros a partir do perfil sônico, e os valores reais registrados diretamente na formação, pela ferramenta de registro de pressões (MDT), comprovam a aplicabilidade do método de Eaton (1975) para o cálculo de geopressões a partir de um conjunto básico de perfis de poços tais como: Raios Gama, Resistividade, Velocidade Acústica, Densidade e Neutrão / The work presented here aimed to assess the method of Eaton (1975) applied to the pore pressure calculation of rock formations in the subsurface, using well logs data regarding porosity, such as the Transit Time of compressional wave, resistivity, density and Neutron. Subsequently it evaluated the result achieved by this technique and confronted with the data obtained by the real pressure record of formation, acquired by logging tool MDT. Distributed in 6 wells drilled in the southern portion of the Campos Basin, the study chronostratigraphic range comes under Tertiary geological period, and the actual pressure records of the training was acquired in turbidite reservoirs Carapebus Formation (Eocene). Although there is a causative mechanism of pressure anomaly in the basin (Imbalance Compression - Hard migration of fluid over geological time) due to the strong contribution sedimentary supported by the Serra do Mar uplift in the Eocene, the results did not show any changes in the responses of used logs, where the reference was the signing of the sonic log in a normal compaction trend comprised of argillaceous rocks within the chronostratigraphic range studied. This study confirms that good calibration of the normal compaction trend in argillaceous rocks, along with the similarity between the results obtained by the pore pressure calculation from the sonic log, and actual amounts recorded directly in formation, the registration tool pressures (MDT), demonstrate the applicability of the method Eaton (1975) for calculating geopressões from a basic set of well logs such as gamma rays, resistivity, acoustic speed, density, and neutron

Orientadores: Alexandre Campane Vidal, Jose Ricardo Pelaquim Mendes / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica e Instituto de Geociencias / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T23:48:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ninci_BeatrizCristinaArmelin_M.pdf: 2930424 bytes, checksum: 2e7a09022cc56ed1f213537548845b25 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Este trabalho foi direcionado para a caracterização de fácies do reservatório do Campo de Namorado, com a interpretação de três tipos de perfis geofísicos (raios gama, densidade e neutrão) de oito poços e a utilização da lógica nebulosa. A lógica nebulosa considera que um elemento pode pertencer a mais de um conjunto, mas com graus de pertinência diferentes. Baseiase em variáveis lingüísticas e manuseia valores entre 0 e 1, tolerando dados imprecisos. Com base na descrição dos testemunhos foi definida, por meio de estatística básica, a associação dos valores dos perfis com as litologias identificadas em testemunho. As 26 fácies foram classificadas em 4 grupos de acordo com critérios geológicos. Na etapa seguinte foram desenvolvidos dois sistemas nebulosos, considerando os métodos de inferência Mamdani e Sugeno. A validação dos resultados fornecidos pelos sistemas nebulosos foi feita através da comparação com os dados dos testemunhos. A identificação dos grupos de fácies pelos dois métodos utilizados foi satisfatória, principalmente em relação ao grupo 1, constituído apenas por arenitos. Os resultados decorrentes da aplicação da lógica nebulosa representam um papel importante na caracterização de um reservatório, desde que utilizado em análise conjunta com outros tipos de fontes de dados / Abstract: The research was directed to the facies characterization of Namorado Field reservoir, considering the interpretation of three types of geophysical well-logs (gamma ray, density and neutron) from eight wells, and the use of fuzzy logic. The fuzzy logic considers that an element can belong to more than one set, but with different membership degrees. It is based on linguistic variables and handling values from 0 to 1, tolerating inaccurate data. Based on the cores description, the combination of the values of well-logs with the lithology identified in cores was defined using statistical analysis. The 26 facies were classified into 4 groups according to geological criteria. In the next stage, two fuzzy systems were developed, considering Sugeno and Mamdani inference methods. The validation of results provided by fuzzy systems was made by comparing the results with core data. The identification of the groups was satisfactory in both methods, particularly regarded to group 1, which is formed by sands, predominantly. The results arising from the application of fuzzy logic represents an important role in reservoir characterization, since they are analysed with other types of data sources / Mestrado / Reservatórios e Gestão / Mestre em Ciências e Engenharia de Petróleo

Detta är en avhandling om hur vi utfört ett projekt som ger vår kund Ninetech en enkel översikt av loggar. Letande av specifik information såsom loggar i stora system kan vara tidskrävande. Så var fallet för företaget Ninetech. Företagets vilja var därav att ha en webbplats för att presentera loggar i ett översiktligt format. Webbplatsens syfte var att underlätta och minska tiden vid letande efter loggar. Att förkorta tiden är viktigt eftersom loggarna innehåller värdefull information som företaget använder för att lösa supportärenden. Webbplatsen som skapats är en fullständig produkt som levererats till företaget och körs i produktion. I projektet har vi haft en nära kontakt med kund, därav har en agil metod tillämpats. Som resultat har webbplatsen tillfört behovet att finna loggar snabbt och enkelt. Webbplatsen har blivit en del av Ninetechs vardagliga arbete. Störst fokus i avhandlingen ägnas åt vyn som presenterar loggar. / This is a dissertation on how we performed a project that gives our customer Ninetech a simple overview of logs. Searching of specific information such as logs in large systems can be time consuming. This was the case for the company Ninetech. Therefore, the company’s will was to have a website to present the logs in a simple format. The website’s purpose was to facilitate and reduce the time when searching for logs. It is important to shorten the time because the logs contain valuable information that the company uses to resolve support issues. The website created is a complete product delivered to the company and is currently running in production. In the project, we have had a close contact with the customer, hence has an agile method applied. As a result, the website has brought the need to find logs quickly and easily. The website has become a part of Ninetech's everyday work. The main focus of the dissertation is devoted to the view that presents logs.

The thesis deals with server monitoring, focusing on the server logs and storage devices in the form of modules into the KNOTIS information system. An administrator is warned of unusual activities or possible disk failures that may lead to data loss. It describes automatic data collection, data processing and user interface that is developed in the web environment and allows you to set different server monitoring parameters. SMART technology has been used to obtain the status of disk units. The thesis works with the use of disk arrays and LVM technology. It monitors also the most important server logs, such as auth.log, syslog, kern.log and apache's log files.

This thesis is devoted to the design model of the lower limbs crash test dummies. It describes how the dummy developed historically, what are currently available for crash tests, what they are made and what their future will be. The main motive of the work is to design a model of lower limb for crash tests, with emphasis on the human anatomy. The work is characterized by how the figurine is produced using the form from material Thermolyne Clear, wood as a substitute human bones and the agar substitutes such as human muscle.

Following the growth of high performance computing systems (HPC) in size and complexity, and the advent of faster and more complex Exascale systems, failures became the norm rather than the exception. Hence, the protection mechanisms need to be improved. The most de facto mechanisms such as checkpoint/restart or redundancy may also fail to support the continuous operation of future HPC systems in the presence of failures. Failure prediction is a new protection approach that is beneficial for HPC systems with a short mean time between failure. The failure prediction mechanism extends the existing protection mechanisms via the dynamic adjustment of the protection level. This work provides a prototype to analyze and predict system behavior using statistical analysis to pave the path toward resilience in HPC systems. The proposed anomaly detection method is noise-tolerant by design and produces accurate results with as little as 30 minutes of historical data. Machine learning models complement the main approach and further improve the accuracy of failure predictions up to 85%. The fully automatic unsupervised behavior analysis approach, proposed in this work, is a novel solution to protect future extreme-scale systems against failures.:1 Introduction 1.1 Background and Statement of the Problem 1.2 Purpose and Significance of the Study 1.3 Jam–e Jam: A System Behavior Analyzer 2 Review of the Literature 2.1 Syslog Analysis 2.2 Users and Systems Privacy 2.3 Failure Detection and Prediction 2.3.1 Failure Correlation 2.3.2 Anomaly Detection 2.3.3 Prediction Methods 2.3.4 Prediction Accuracy and Lead Time 3 Data Collection and Preparation 3.1 Taurus HPC Cluster 3.2 Monitoring Data 3.2.1 Data Collection 3.2.2 Taurus System Log Dataset 3.3 Data Preparation 3.3.1 Users and Systems Privacy 3.3.2 Storage and Size Reduction 3.3.3 Automation and Improvements 3.3.4 Data Discretization and Noise Mitigation 3.3.5 Cleansed Taurus System Log Dataset 3.4 Marking Potential Failures 4 Failure Prediction 4.1 Null Hypothesis 4.2 Failure Correlation 4.2.1 Node Vicinities 4.2.2 Impact of Vicinities 4.3 Anomaly Detection 4.3.1 Statistical Analysis (frequency) 4.3.2 Pattern Detection (order) 4.3.3 Machine Learning 4.4 Adaptive resilience 5 Results 5.1 Taurus System Logs 5.2 System-wide Failure Patterns 5.3 Failure Correlations 5.4 Taurus Failures Statistics 5.5 Jam-e Jam Prototype 5.6 Summary and Discussion 6 Conclusion and Future Works Bibliography List of Figures List of Tables Appendix A Neural Network Models Appendix B External Tools Appendix C Structure of Failure Metadata Databse Appendix D Reproducibility Appendix E Publicly Available HPC Monitoring Datasets Appendix F Glossary Appendix G Acronyms

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Context: Testing is an important activity in software development and is typically estimated to account for nearly half of the efforts in the software development cycle. This puts a great demand on improving the artifacts involved in this task such as the test cases and test suites (a collection of test cases).  Objective: When executing test programs, it is typical to record runtime information associated with the test cases in the form of test execution logs or traces. The aim of this work is to explore how this information can be utilized to improve the software testing process. To this end, two main aspects are investigated which are (1) in the context of test case generation and (2) in the context of different optimizations regarding existing test suites. Furthermore, the role of the logs regarding fault localization in connection with improving the existing test suites is investigated. Method: A systematic literature review is conducted to investigate, identify and analyze the existing literature on test case generation and test suite optimization that utilizes the test execution logs. Results: After a rigorous search in six digital databases, 26 primary studies were identified. 5 of the selected papers propose approaches in the context of test data generation, 8 papers suggest test case prioritization (TCP) techniques, 4 papers discuss approaches in test case selection (TCS), and 5 papers propose approaches in test suite minimization (TSM). Furthermore, we identified, 3 papers that discuss fault localization, and one paper that discussed the decomposition of large test cases into smaller single purpose test cases using the logs from previous test executions. Conclusion: The test execution logs are a useful source of information for different testing activities. Regarding test case generation, the main theme observed is the use of genetic algorithms in attempting to generate appropriate test cases when the alternative might have been to use random test data generation methods. When it comes to improving existing test suites several approaches within TCP, TCS and TSM such as similarity-based, modification-based, cluster-based, and search-based were put forward by the authors of the selected primary studies. Furthermore, several fault localization techniques using the logs were suggested.