Thesis (doctoral)--University of London, 1992. / BLDSC reference no.: DX206087.

The concept of entrepreneurial city has remained relevant and popular since its first emergence several decades ago. Among the strategies adopted, hosting city mega-events is still widely applied by city governments to attract international visitors, businesses and investments. Alongside the software programs of the events, entrepreneurial cities will also prepare them with extensive construction and infrastructure projects, taking the opportunity to capitalize in the events and equally importantly fast-track the development and growth agenda with the political imperative generated. Mega-event led urban regeneration emerges as one model under these entrepreneurially catalyzed agenda. As a commercially-focused and economically-oriented approach fundamentally built in the entrepreneurial strategy, hosting mega-event will lead to the formation of a growth coalition which profits from the increase in land exchange values resulting from the general urban growth process. The continuous strengthening of the coalition will eventually compromise the use values, which include the social network and the sense of community of the local residents affected by the development. The model therefore embodies an inherent conflict in delivering regeneration. The study examines this model using the perspective of urban governance and focuses on the power relation between the state, the private sector and the community involved in the regeneration process. The current London 2012 Olympic Games, which positions itself a regeneration Games, is the latest and explicit attempt to apply this model. Following a series of other entrepreneurial regeneration initiatives in East London, the London 2012 Games represents another entrepreneurial initiative employing similar mechanisms of public-private partnership and privatization approaches, only with a far greater scale. The political imperative brought by the Games has prompted the proactive participation of the state in the common growth agenda shared by the coalition. With the political, legal and financial resources transferred from the government to the private sector to ensure a successful spectacle, the growth coalition following this mega-event is a state-led powerful one which contributes largely to its domination in the urban politics. Episodes of community displacement, disadvantaged residents in bargaining for future development plan, and compromised regeneration gains have been consequently observed in the Olympic site and its immediate surrounding areas. Affirming the inherent conflict embedded in the mega-event led urban regeneration model, the London Games risks deepening social polarization and gentrification. While the progress examined so far covers only the Games initiation and preparation stage, the governance approach can still be reverted in the coming legacy delivery stage to realize a genuine regeneration. This will depend largely on the new roles the state power will take in the on-going process of the Games. / published_or_final_version / Urban Planning and Design / Master / Master of Science in Urban Planning

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Through an examination of neighbourhood conflicts over property boundaries, marriage contracts and defamation, this thesis argues that the dichotomy of public and private is an anachronistic and untenable division in fifteenth-century London. Instead, Londoners were concerned with degrees of visibility and control over space, rather than the maintenance of a strict separation of public and private. The tensions that resulted from shared, often subdivided space could culminate in a legal battle before the assize of nuisance, a secular court where individuals complained that their neighbour’s property encroached upon their own and that, through those encroachments, a neighbour exposed the plaintiff’s household to public scrutiny. Marriage conflicts and defamation suits brought before the ecclesiastical Consistory court were similarly concerned with public knowledge, as both relied on a certain degree of publicity in order to be effective. Witnesses were required to see and hear both the exchange of consent and the exchange of insults. Using these two London courts, this thesis explores how the house and household lives were open to others and how Londoners lived their lives in varying degrees of publicity, rather than in public or private.

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This thesis explores the relationship between prostitute, law, and community in late-medieval London. However much society maligned and marginalised her, the prostitute (and her occupation) was in constant demand and thus became a recurring theme in London’s law books throughout the later medieval period. I argue that this juxtaposition of reviled yet necessary woman in society was a reflection of community concerns: while the promiscuity and financial aspects of prostitution were tolerable, the prostitute’s connections with London’s malefactors were not. / Turning to a variety of legal sources from London’s later-medieval period, particularly London’s civic ordinances, we find that while the prostitute was a constant fixture in these records, laws by and large regulated her movements, and at times even protected the prostitute from both the public and her employers. More commonly, ordinances sought to segregate the prostitute from the wider community because the presence of prostitution was linked to theft, violence, and general disorder. Similarly, records from the Commissary courts – a community court that functioned as a tool for social control – reveal that the community was far more concerned with the containment of offenders whose behaviour might lead to the broader spread of social decay: namely, the pimps and bawds who routinely recruited women into prostitution. / I demonstrate that despite her acknowledged venality, the community tolerated the prostitute as a necessary evil, and possibly even forgave those prostitutes who acted out of desperation. Of greater concern were those individuals who associated with the prostitute: pimps and bawds who encouraged lechery and profited from the sins of others, suspicious persons who drank and committed acts of violence and walked the streets after curfew.

This thesis explores the relationship between prostitute, law, and community in late-medieval London. However much society maligned and marginalised her, the prostitute (and her occupation) was in constant demand and thus became a recurring theme in London’s law books throughout the later medieval period. I argue that this juxtaposition of reviled yet necessary woman in society was a reflection of community concerns: while the promiscuity and financial aspects of prostitution were tolerable, the prostitute’s connections with London’s malefactors were not. / Turning to a variety of legal sources from London’s later-medieval period, particularly London’s civic ordinances, we find that while the prostitute was a constant fixture in these records, laws by and large regulated her movements, and at times even protected the prostitute from both the public and her employers. More commonly, ordinances sought to segregate the prostitute from the wider community because the presence of prostitution was linked to theft, violence, and general disorder. Similarly, records from the Commissary courts – a community court that functioned as a tool for social control – reveal that the community was far more concerned with the containment of offenders whose behaviour might lead to the broader spread of social decay: namely, the pimps and bawds who routinely recruited women into prostitution. / I demonstrate that despite her acknowledged venality, the community tolerated the prostitute as a necessary evil, and possibly even forgave those prostitutes who acted out of desperation. Of greater concern were those individuals who associated with the prostitute: pimps and bawds who encouraged lechery and profited from the sins of others, suspicious persons who drank and committed acts of violence and walked the streets after curfew.