A carência habitacional é uma marca da sociedade atual, sendo muito evidente no Brasil. Ela está concentrada na faixa de renda mais baixa da população. O confronto entre custo de produção da habitação popular e seu conseqüente preço mínimo e capacidade de pagar deste mercado alvo, isto é, da população de baixa renda, configura a produção de habitação popular como um negócio com baixa atratividade econômica. Assim, tal negócio não desperta interesse da iniciativa privada e o Estado é obrigado a desenvolvê-lo, ainda que sem qualidade econômica. Esta Tese propõe uma forma de incentivo à produção de habitação popular através de relacionamento entre Estado e iniciativa privada, de maneira a tornar tal negócio economicamente atrativo para esta última. Para isto é apresentado um mecanismo que contempla a segmentação do fluxo de recebíveis destes empreendimentos empregando instrumentos disponíveis no mercado de capitais, o que inclui a alteração da forma de pagamento de determinados tributos, visando a conferir atratividade econômica, sob o ponto de vista da iniciativa privada, para a produção desta habitação com preço que se enquadre na capacidade de pagar do mercado alvo. Em última análise, objetiva-se o incremento da produção de habitação popular moldada para a capacidade de pagar de seu mercado, contribuindo para a redução da carência habitacional. O estudo é desenvolvido para a realidade brasileira. No entanto, com as devidas adaptações, ele pode ser aplicado a diversos países, desde que a realidade econômica e social do país se assemelhe à brasileira: elevada carga tributária, escassez de recursos públicos, déficit habitacional. Analogamente, o mecanismo proposto nesta Tese pode ser adaptado para outros tipos de empreendimentos imobiliários de interesse social, que não as habitações populares, no mercado nacional ou internacional. / The scarcity of housing is a blemish of society nowadays affecting large number of people in Brazil. It is concentrated within the lowest income groups. The incompatibility between the costs of producing the low-income housing - and its resultant minimum price and the purchasing power of this market segment, that is low-income people, indicates low-income housing construction as an economically unattractive business. Therefore, the private sector takes no interest in such business and the government assumes the responsibility of developing it even without economic quality. This thesis proposes a way to stimulate low-income housing construction through a relationship between State and private sector by turning this business into an economically attractive one for the private sector. To do so, a mechanism is suggested, which considers the segmentation of these enterprises receivables flow by making use of adequate instruments available in the capital market, including altering the means of paying some government taxes. This mechanism assigns economic attractiveness to low-income housing production from the private sector point of view and at the same time it matches this housing price to its target publics ability to pay. At last the study intends to increase low-income housing production suited to its target publics ability to pay and in this way contribute to reducing the housing scarcity. The research is developed considering Brazilian actuality. However, after some necessary adjustments, it may be applied to different countries, which have economic and social realities similar to Brazilian ones: high tax incidence, lack of government funds, housing deficit. Similarly, the proposed mechanism may be adapted to other kinds of social interest real estate enterprises, besides low-income housing, in Brazil or abroad.

O objetivo deste trabalho é contribuir para o estudo da habitação de baixa renda e a produção da mesma por meio de um processo e sistema de gestão local e sustentável. A partir do estudo da formação da pobreza no Brasil, a constatação da inibição à participação e à reivindicação do direito da função social da propriedade e a existência de um déficit habitacional de 7,9 milhões de moradias, são analisadas as políticas habitacionais do Brasil existentes e em construção, acrescentados os necessários conceitos de sustentabilidade, e o estágio atual de aplicação destas políticas em quatro municípios do Estado de São Paulo. Ao final é apresentado um estudo de um sistema para que os municípios possam com a participação direta dos interessados gerenciar o projeto, produção e manutenção ao longo de todo seu ciclo de vida das moradias de baixa renda. / The objective of this work is to contribute to the study of low-income housing and its implementation based on sustainable local management process and system. It starts with the study of the formation of poverty in Brazil, and the identification that participation and claim to right to property is seriously restricted, with a housing deficit of 7.9 million units. Brazils current and developing housing policies are analyzed and complemented by concepts of sustainability, with a presentation of the status of their application to four cities in the state of São Paulo. Finally, the study looks at a system to enable cities to manage the design, production and lifecycle maintenance of low-income housing, with local and direct participation of its stakeholders.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:25:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alberto Augusto Guedes.pdf: 11537553 bytes, checksum: 83478700786ab01049e45541360df61d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-04 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / The expression business model gained relevance at the very beginning of the 1990 s to designate any new e-business venture. However, business models are potentially important for all economic activities meaning the core logic of a company and how its components interact both internally and externally. This study proposed the description of business models put in force by companies engaged in the construction of low-income housing as the main research issue. Although the increasing interest of academic research for business models, this segment of the civil construction industry have been deserving little attention in the sense of specific phenomena wherever in Brasil or in the whole world. Notwithstanding, Brazil is getting to a prominent worldwide position since 2009 with the institution of Minha Casa, Minha Vida Program. The research, treated on an exploratory basis, use the multiple case study method. To meet the first specific objective it was possible to describe the dimensions and components of the effective business model concerning value creation, configuration and capture. The second specific objective allowed to identify the changes occurred in the business models of the construction companies who engaged in the Program, remarkably the growing interaction of social networks, the use of new technologies and several aspects related to social and environmental issues. / O termo modelo de negócio tomou força no início dos anos 1990, servindo para denominar quaisquer novas operações de e-business, e ensejando muitos estudos acadêmicos. No entanto, modelos de negócios são potencialmente relevantes para todas as atividades econômicas, representando a lógica central da empresa e como seus componentes interagem interna e externamente. Este estudo trouxe como questão principal de pesquisa a descrição dos modelos de negócio empregados pelas empresas atuantes na construção de habitações populares. Mesmo com o crescente interesse acadêmico por modelos de negócios, esse segmento da construção civil tem merecido pouca atenção para entender fenômenos particulares, seja no Brasil ou em todo o mundo. O Brasil passou a se destacar nesse quadro mundial a partir de 2009, com a introdução do Programa Minha Casa, Minha Vida. A pesquisa, de caráter exploratório, utilizou o estudo de caso múltiplo. Atendendo o primeiro objetivo específico, foi possível descrever as dimensões e componentes do modelo de negócio empregado, concernentes à criação, configuração e captura de valor. O segundo objetivo específico permitiu identificar as mudanças ocorridas nos modelos de negócios das construtoras que aderiram no Programa, notadamente a crescente atuação das redes sociais, o emprego de novas tecnologias construtivas e as preocupações com os aspectos socioambientais.

Thesis (MPA.) -- University of Limpopo, 2000. / Refer to the document

No description available.

This thesis is concerned with the housing and service needs of the poor (slum dwellers) in Bombay and how they are articulated and satisfied. It discusses how the poor perceive the constraints on slum servicing and improvement, their involvement in community organizations, and the role the community and its leaders play in influencing state action. Since housing and servicing issues directly impinge on the interests of politicians and bureaucrats as well as on those of the poor, patterns of provision mirror closely the nature of the relationship between the poor and how political and administrative power operates at various levels. Chapter 1 provides the research aims and objectives while Chapter 2 reviews the literature on community participation. Chapter 3 on Bombay places housing development in context and also serves as background study to the thesis. This research studies three different slum settlements housing migrants to Bombay. Two surveys of these three slum settlements were carried out, involving interviews with 135 households. Chapter 4 describes the characteristics of these households, while chapters 5, 6, and 7 give the arguments of the thesis. It is shown that, despite an established system of representative community organisations and a pro-participation rhetoric in bureaucratic discourse, most slum dwellers are excluded from participating in decision-making. A patron-client relationship exists between politicians, bureaucrats and community leaders, both in determining the community leaders' power as well as the level of services and physical benefits that he/she could win for the slum community. Leaders are generally better educated, better employed, more prosperous and highly motivated than most of their community. The NGO in this study has acted mainly as intermediary between the government and the slum-dwellers.

published_or_final_version / Housing Management / Master / Master of Housing Management

No abstract available. / Thesis (M.T.R.P.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2004.

No abstract available. / Thesis (M.U.R.P.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1996.

No abstract available. / Thesis (M.Sc.U.R.P.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1997.