The thesis project is intended for the investigation of the global housing crisis and the issues that lay behind it. The beneficiary should be the people living under the minimum local wage. Although the people serving the city has great importance, due to the socio economic imbalance these people are forgotten. To give back what the working class people deserve in a city is the main motto of the thesis.

Research has shown that caregivers are confronted with a number of stressors such as burnout, compassion fatigue, and post-traumatic stress disorder as a result of being in direct or close contact with the people suffering from chronic diseases such as HIV/AIDS. However, relevant and professional training, and effective self-care strategies could prevent such stressors. Using the “Individual Interviews with Formal Caregivers” dataset, this study looked at the experiences of seventeen caregivers who provided care to stigmatized and low income people of living with HIV/AIDS. The study sought to understand how the well-being of caregivers was impacted by providing care to stigmatized and low income people living with HIV/AIDS in Manitoba and Saskatchewan. Also, it examined how formal caregivers perceived their relationship with people living with HIV/AIDS at their care. The findings suggested that caregivers were confronted with and experienced stressors such as burnout, compassion fatigue, and secondary traumatic stress due to having direct and close relationships with people living with HIV/AIDS in their care. Medical caregivers treating HIV/AIDS patients perceived these as formal professional relationships; however, most caregivers working in community support, community outreach, and education sectors understood their caregiving relationships with people living with HIV/AIDS as that of supporter and helper. There was not much research on how caregivers in HIV/AIDS sector perceived their relationships with people living with HIV in their care, so further research is needed to explore the nature of the relationship between the caregiver and care recipients. Finally, this study enriched the existing research on this topic by providing an insight on how caregivers in HIV sector perceive their relationships with individuals living with HIV/ AIDS in their care. / October 2015

While the market of high-class apartment in Vietnam remains rather „quiet‟, the medium and low-price apartment segments are attracting investors‟ interest and becoming scarce because the demand is growing faster than the supply (VietRees,2009). Moreover, apartments for low-income people draw the attention of more buyers due to reasonable price matching their affordability.Investors in Vietnam have begun to re-consider the market and found out a great demand for accommodation from low-income population. Most of them are from different provinces in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) so they don‟t have proper houses. According to a recent statistics, more than 80% of HCMC citizens in the age range from 18 to 35 have to live with their family; more than 90% of the immigrated young people have to live in rented houses; more than 30% of the total number of families have to live in houses of less than 36m2; thousands of families have to live in houses below minimum standards (Xay Dung, 2009). Most of the rest have to rent houses with very poor living conditions. Especially, the majority of Vietnam populations who are young, dynamic and usually rush to big cities for jobs having high demand to own an apartment even when they are still single. Hence, we can see that the housing market for low-income earners is full of potential and quite attractive.~ ii ~By modeling main risk factors in Monte-Carlo simulation on financial performance of the project in HCMC, the findings demonstrate that the period of loan and apartment selling price (positive risk factors) make financial performance of the project increase faster than other risk factors (including inflation rate) that decrease the profit of the project. Besides policies and flexible financial systems, risk management should be implemented regularly to control these risk factors from the beginning to the end of the project. Therefore, I could support the entrepreneurs to plan economic strategy specifically and effectively such as recommending how to make both state-owned and private projects successful and create profits for investors at an acceptable degree of risks as well as how to bring accommodation to low-income people with reasonable prices.The project will provide accommodations for approximately 2000 people. This number may not be large enough to create a significant social impact. However, if this business model and my research bring to good result, making benefits for its inhabitants and profits for the investors, it can be multiplied in larger scale and scope, hence creating more practical socio-economic benefits. It can be said that this project is the seed, laying premises for bigger project afterwards.For these reasons, I hope that this study is useful not only to investors, researchers, and low-income people in Vietnam but also to those in Sweden.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(地球環境学) / 甲第24274号 / 地環博第234号 / 新制||地環||45(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院地球環境学舎地球環境学専攻 / (主査)教授 小林 広英, 准教授 落合 知帆, 教授 西前 出 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Global Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DFAM

The construction of housing for low-income people, produced from domestic timber (VIS-M), is an important alternative to be included in the choice menu for solving the housing shortage. Uruguay is beginning to have an important amount of sawtimber, a material suitable and internationally used for housing, but that is not usually among the population preferences. Moreover, the supply chain responsible for producing that material is still incipient, and developing the necessary skills takes time. The main objective of this research work is to characterize the VIS-M Supply Chain, seeking to prospect the future behavior of its critical factors, as well as the demands for training and research, in order to improve its performance. The Delphi technique was used to obtain the perception of key people from of different supply chain members. Delphi may be characterized as a method for structuring a group communication process so that the process is effective in allowing a group of individuals, as a whole, to deal with a complex problem. The main conclusions of this study were: (a) the VIS-M supply chain will develop in the future, but slowly; (b) the level of acceptance of VIS-M will increase in the optimistic and realistic scenarios, but it is expected to be low in the pessimistic scenario; (c) the need for training was pointed out for all stakeholders, in particular the necessity of sharing the knowledge that already exists; (d) some demands were identified, including standardization, performance evaluation, protocols for use and maintenance, and for technology for processing wood (sawing and preservation), which will impact the durability of VIS-M. In turn, standardization and performance evaluation will impact heavily the supply chain, the availability of funding, and the defense of consumer rights; and the integration of the production chain will affect the optimization of resources, by a more efficient and rational use, with impacts on the cost of VIS-M. / La construcción de viviendas de interés social, producidas con maderas nacionales (VIS-M) resulta una opción importante a incluir en el menú de ofertas para atender al déficit habitacional. Uruguay empieza a disponer de gran cantidad de madera aserrable, un material apto e internacionalmente utilizado para la construcción de viviendas, pero que no figura en principio entre las preferencias de la población. Por otra parte, la cadena productiva encargada de producirlas, es aún incipiente, y desarrollar las capacidades necesarias demanda tiempo. El objetivo central de este trabajo, es caracterizar la Cadena Productiva de VIS-M, buscando identificar y prospectar el comportamiento futuro de sus factores críticos, así como las demandas de capacitación y de investigación destinadas al mejor desempeño de la misma. La prospección se realizó mediante el método Delphi, método que puede ser caracterizado como una técnica para estructurar un proceso de comunicación grupal, buscando identificar las convergencias de opiniones de especialistas y destacar consensos sobre cuestiones concretas, mediante cuestionarios interactivos sucesivos, que aseguran el anonimato de las respuestas. Las principales conclusiones del trabajo fueron: (a) que se espera el desarrollo futuro de la cadena productiva de VIS-M, aunque este será lento; (b) que en los escenarios optimista y tendencial, es esperable una mejora (de baja a media) en la aceptación por parte de la sociedad uruguaya de las VIS-M como una alternativa válida para sus hogares; c) se observó la necesidad de capacitación para todos los actores, en particular la necesidad de socializar los conocimientos que ya existen; (d) se identificaron demandas por normalización y evaluación de desempeño, por protocolos de uso y mantenimiento, y por tecnología para procesar maderas (aserrado y preservación) que impactarán en la durabilidad de las VIS-M. Por su parte, la normalización y evaluación de desempeño impactará fuertemente en el encadenamiento productivo, en la existencia de financiamiento y en la defensa de los derechos del consumidor; y la integración de la cadena productiva incidirá en la optimización de los recursos, mediante un uso más eficiente y racional, con su incidencia en el costo de la VIS-M.

The construction of housing for low-income people, produced from domestic timber (VIS-M), is an important alternative to be included in the choice menu for solving the housing shortage. Uruguay is beginning to have an important amount of sawtimber, a material suitable and internationally used for housing, but that is not usually among the population preferences. Moreover, the supply chain responsible for producing that material is still incipient, and developing the necessary skills takes time. The main objective of this research work is to characterize the VIS-M Supply Chain, seeking to prospect the future behavior of its critical factors, as well as the demands for training and research, in order to improve its performance. The Delphi technique was used to obtain the perception of key people from of different supply chain members. Delphi may be characterized as a method for structuring a group communication process so that the process is effective in allowing a group of individuals, as a whole, to deal with a complex problem. The main conclusions of this study were: (a) the VIS-M supply chain will develop in the future, but slowly; (b) the level of acceptance of VIS-M will increase in the optimistic and realistic scenarios, but it is expected to be low in the pessimistic scenario; (c) the need for training was pointed out for all stakeholders, in particular the necessity of sharing the knowledge that already exists; (d) some demands were identified, including standardization, performance evaluation, protocols for use and maintenance, and for technology for processing wood (sawing and preservation), which will impact the durability of VIS-M. In turn, standardization and performance evaluation will impact heavily the supply chain, the availability of funding, and the defense of consumer rights; and the integration of the production chain will affect the optimization of resources, by a more efficient and rational use, with impacts on the cost of VIS-M. / La construcción de viviendas de interés social, producidas con maderas nacionales (VIS-M) resulta una opción importante a incluir en el menú de ofertas para atender al déficit habitacional. Uruguay empieza a disponer de gran cantidad de madera aserrable, un material apto e internacionalmente utilizado para la construcción de viviendas, pero que no figura en principio entre las preferencias de la población. Por otra parte, la cadena productiva encargada de producirlas, es aún incipiente, y desarrollar las capacidades necesarias demanda tiempo. El objetivo central de este trabajo, es caracterizar la Cadena Productiva de VIS-M, buscando identificar y prospectar el comportamiento futuro de sus factores críticos, así como las demandas de capacitación y de investigación destinadas al mejor desempeño de la misma. La prospección se realizó mediante el método Delphi, método que puede ser caracterizado como una técnica para estructurar un proceso de comunicación grupal, buscando identificar las convergencias de opiniones de especialistas y destacar consensos sobre cuestiones concretas, mediante cuestionarios interactivos sucesivos, que aseguran el anonimato de las respuestas. Las principales conclusiones del trabajo fueron: (a) que se espera el desarrollo futuro de la cadena productiva de VIS-M, aunque este será lento; (b) que en los escenarios optimista y tendencial, es esperable una mejora (de baja a media) en la aceptación por parte de la sociedad uruguaya de las VIS-M como una alternativa válida para sus hogares; c) se observó la necesidad de capacitación para todos los actores, en particular la necesidad de socializar los conocimientos que ya existen; (d) se identificaron demandas por normalización y evaluación de desempeño, por protocolos de uso y mantenimiento, y por tecnología para procesar maderas (aserrado y preservación) que impactarán en la durabilidad de las VIS-M. Por su parte, la normalización y evaluación de desempeño impactará fuertemente en el encadenamiento productivo, en la existencia de financiamiento y en la defensa de los derechos del consumidor; y la integración de la cadena productiva incidirá en la optimización de los recursos, mediante un uso más eficiente y racional, con su incidencia en el costo de la VIS-M.

The construction of housing for low-income people, produced from domestic timber (VIS-M), is an important alternative to be included in the choice menu for solving the housing shortage. Uruguay is beginning to have an important amount of sawtimber, a material suitable and internationally used for housing, but that is not usually among the population preferences. Moreover, the supply chain responsible for producing that material is still incipient, and developing the necessary skills takes time. The main objective of this research work is to characterize the VIS-M Supply Chain, seeking to prospect the future behavior of its critical factors, as well as the demands for training and research, in order to improve its performance. The Delphi technique was used to obtain the perception of key people from of different supply chain members. Delphi may be characterized as a method for structuring a group communication process so that the process is effective in allowing a group of individuals, as a whole, to deal with a complex problem. The main conclusions of this study were: (a) the VIS-M supply chain will develop in the future, but slowly; (b) the level of acceptance of VIS-M will increase in the optimistic and realistic scenarios, but it is expected to be low in the pessimistic scenario; (c) the need for training was pointed out for all stakeholders, in particular the necessity of sharing the knowledge that already exists; (d) some demands were identified, including standardization, performance evaluation, protocols for use and maintenance, and for technology for processing wood (sawing and preservation), which will impact the durability of VIS-M. In turn, standardization and performance evaluation will impact heavily the supply chain, the availability of funding, and the defense of consumer rights; and the integration of the production chain will affect the optimization of resources, by a more efficient and rational use, with impacts on the cost of VIS-M. / La construcción de viviendas de interés social, producidas con maderas nacionales (VIS-M) resulta una opción importante a incluir en el menú de ofertas para atender al déficit habitacional. Uruguay empieza a disponer de gran cantidad de madera aserrable, un material apto e internacionalmente utilizado para la construcción de viviendas, pero que no figura en principio entre las preferencias de la población. Por otra parte, la cadena productiva encargada de producirlas, es aún incipiente, y desarrollar las capacidades necesarias demanda tiempo. El objetivo central de este trabajo, es caracterizar la Cadena Productiva de VIS-M, buscando identificar y prospectar el comportamiento futuro de sus factores críticos, así como las demandas de capacitación y de investigación destinadas al mejor desempeño de la misma. La prospección se realizó mediante el método Delphi, método que puede ser caracterizado como una técnica para estructurar un proceso de comunicación grupal, buscando identificar las convergencias de opiniones de especialistas y destacar consensos sobre cuestiones concretas, mediante cuestionarios interactivos sucesivos, que aseguran el anonimato de las respuestas. Las principales conclusiones del trabajo fueron: (a) que se espera el desarrollo futuro de la cadena productiva de VIS-M, aunque este será lento; (b) que en los escenarios optimista y tendencial, es esperable una mejora (de baja a media) en la aceptación por parte de la sociedad uruguaya de las VIS-M como una alternativa válida para sus hogares; c) se observó la necesidad de capacitación para todos los actores, en particular la necesidad de socializar los conocimientos que ya existen; (d) se identificaron demandas por normalización y evaluación de desempeño, por protocolos de uso y mantenimiento, y por tecnología para procesar maderas (aserrado y preservación) que impactarán en la durabilidad de las VIS-M. Por su parte, la normalización y evaluación de desempeño impactará fuertemente en el encadenamiento productivo, en la existencia de financiamiento y en la defensa de los derechos del consumidor; y la integración de la cadena productiva incidirá en la optimización de los recursos, mediante un uso más eficiente y racional, con su incidencia en el costo de la VIS-M.

Thesis Accomodation premises designed for homeless children and low-income people at the documentary for execution of works. The building was designed so that the object is divided into two parts. The first part is a home for homeless children, which is developed to the level of documentation for construction. The secon part is a started flats, which is designed only as a preparatory study and work. The building is brick of brick blocks. Foundation structures bearing walls ale designed footings. Roof construction is designed flat. The building has four above-ground floors and cellar. The building is insulated exterior contact insulation.