Zugl.: München, Univ., Diss., 2006

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Princeton University, 1935. / "Bibliographical index": p. [116]-120.

Diss. : Sprachen und Kulturen des Mittelmeerraumes und Osteuropas : Giessen : 1982. - Bibliogr. p. 218-227. -

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Yale University, 1923.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität zu Köln. / Includes index. Bibliography: p. 203-216.

Thesis (M.A.)--Abilene Christian University, 2003. / Includes abstract. "August 2003." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 105-114).

Thesis (M.A.)--Abilene Christian University, 2003. / Includes abstract. "August 2003." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 105-114).

Northern Pike (Esox lucius) is an economically and ecologically valuable species with a circumpolar distribution across the Northern Hemisphere. Northern Pike have been shown to have low levels of genetic variation despite their great capacity to colonize new environments. Here, high-resolution resequencing data from 47 Northern Pike from across North America was used for SNP discovery and population analysis. Our analysis reveals an extraordinary lack of genetic variation among Northern Pike with observed heterozygosity (Ho) of just 0.0835. Our analyses suggest that two major groups of Northern Pike exist in North America that are separated by the North American Continental Divide. Genetic variation associated with the stratification of these two groups resides across the genome particularly in gene regions with multiple copy number variants and functions related to immunity, tissue permeability, and development. Northern Pike from Alaska and the Yukon River harbour about two times more heterozygosity than Northern Pike east of the Continental Divide with an average of one heterozygous SNP every 6,250 bases. Populations east of the Continental Divide possess a remarkable level of genetic homogenization with an average of just one heterozygous SNP every 16,500 bases. For comparison, an average of one heterozygous SNP per 309 bases was reported in herring (Martinez Barrio et al., 2016), one per 500 in Atlantic cod (Star et al., 2011), and one per 750 bases in Coho and chinook salmon (Koop, 2018). This is at least 5 – 10 fold less variation than is seen in humans (the 1000 Genomes Project Consortium, 2015). We observed a recently described master sex-determining gene, amhby, in three western North American populations but not in populations east of the Continental Divide. We could not resolve any signals indicating a genetic sex determination system was present in populations from southern Manitoba or the St. Lawrence River. This may indicate that environmental sex determination is at play in these populations. We found evidence of a possible female-heterozygous, male homozygous ZW-ZZ genetic sex-determination system in New Jersey Northern Pike. With the highest average of 181,268 heterozygous SNPs genome wide and the greatest Ho (0.3228) of all populations, as well as the presence of the sex-determining gene amhby indicate that Northern Pike from our Alaskan population are the oldest in North America. Fewer numbers of heterozygous SNPs (61,073), low Ho (0.0922), and the absence of amhby in Northern Pike east of the Continental Divide suggests that these are relatively young populations and are descended from a small founding population. These results imply that Northern Pike first came to North America through Beringia and colonized its North American range from there, possibly via pro-glacial lake formation and drainage. However, from the data herein it was not possible to trace how re-colonization occurred after the final retreat of glaciers at the end of the last ice age. This thesis provides a genetically high-resolution snapshot of Northern Pike population structure in North America. It demonstrates that organisms with largely homogenous genomes can be incredibly successful and resilient. Finally, it adds to the complex subject of sex determination in fish and provides insight into a sex determination system in transition. / Graduate / 2020-10-15

Die vorliegende Arbeit ist eine überwiegend generische Interpretation der Tragödie «Hercules furens» des L. Annaeus Seneca. Zugrundegelegt ist die Frage: Welche Wirkung erzielt der Text, wenn er unter den Bedingungen einer römischen Theaterbühne dargeboten wird? Die Arbeit gliedert sich in fünf Abschnitte: (1) Einleitung: Skizze des Forschungsstandes und Begründung des Ansatzes. (2) Handlung: Untersuchung des Dramentextes auf Gedankengänge, Motivationen und Identität des Chores. Ergebnisse u.a.: Hercules wird von Juno nur aufgrund seiner Abstammung von Iupiter verfolgt und ist, anders als im Prolog behauptet, keine Gefahr für die kosmische Ordnung; es sind zwei Chöre notwendig. (3) Bühnengeschehen: Untersuchung der erforderlichen Bühnenvorgänge hinsichtlich ihrer Realisierbarkeit und ihrer Rückwirkungen auf das Textverständnis. Ergebnisse u.a.: der «Hercules furens» ist nicht nur aufführbar, sondern bedarf sogar einer Aufführung, um richtig verstanden zu werden. Die rituelle Reinigung des Hercules zu Beginn des vierten Aktes, die Rückgabe der Waffen an Hercules und die Drohung Amphitryons mit der Selbsttötung im fünften Akt sind für einen bloßen Leser oder Hörer mißverständlich oder irreführend, weil die tatsächlichen Vorgänge erst an späteren Textstellen festgelegt werden. Als rückverlagerte Regieanweisungen aufgefaßt, geben diese Textstellen dagegen ein sichtbares Geschehen vor, das den Theaterbesucher rechtzeitig aufklärt. (4) Personen: Zusammenfassung der vorangegangenen Beobachtungen zu Charakteristiken der Figuren und Chöre. (5) Deutung: Versuch, das Drama als Einheit zu interpretieren. Ergebnis: Hercules ist eine zur Herrschaft prädestinierte Figur, die ihre Bestimmung durch eine falsche Einstellung zur Tätigkeit des Strafens verfehlt. Ein Herrscher muß mit größter Zurückhaltung und innerer Abneigung strafen (Verse 739-747), Hercules aber hat daran zunächst Freude (3. Akt) und ist später (5. Akt) gegen sich übermäßig streng, wenn er zur Sühne für die Ermordung seiner Familie die Selbsttötung plant, obwohl die Schuld an der Untat eindeutig bei Juno liegt. Diese Kritik an Hercules ist politisch relevant und findet eine Entsprechung in Senecas Traktat «De clementia». / This study is a generic interpretation of the tragedy «Hercules furens» by L. Annaeus Seneca. It is based on the question: which effect has the text when performed on an ancient Roman stage? The study consists of five chapters: (1) Einleitung (= introduction): Survey of modern research and justification of the methodical approach. (2) Handlung (= plot): Examination of thoughts, motives and identity of chorus. Results inter alia: Hercules is persecuted by Juno only because of being Jupiter’s son and does not threaten the cosmic order as it is claimed in the prologue; two choruses are needed. (3) Bühnengeschehen (= stage action): Examination of the required stage action in regard to practicability and repercussions on the understanding of the text. Results inter alia: it is not only possible, but necessary to perform the «Hercules furens» on stage in order to facilitate an appropriate understanding of the text. The ritual of purification at the beginning of act 4, the return of Hercules’ weapons and the suicide threatened by Amphitryon in act 5 are misleading for a mere reader or listener, because what really happens will be told only in later passages of the text. Taken as postponed stage directions these passages however determine visible action which informs a spectator about the real events in time. (4) Personen (= characters): Studies of the characters and choruses based on former observations. (5) Deutung (= interpretation): Attempt to interprete the drama as an unity. Result: Hercules is predestined to be a ruler, but he misses his destination because of a wrong attitude towards punitive action. Each ruler ought to punish with greatest possible restraint and inner aversion (verses 739-747), but Hercules first enjoys it (act 3) and later (act 5) he is to severe on himself when planning suicide as atonement for the murder of his family, although only Juno is to be blamed for the atrocity. This criticism of Hercules has a political connotation and corresponds to Seneca’s «De clementia».

Diss.---Cologne. / Vita on label mounted on p.[3] of cover. Bibliography: p. 105-109.