No description available.

Doutor -- Escola Nacional de Saude Publica, Rio de Janeiro, 2002.

No description available.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / A eficÃcia e a seguranÃa terapÃutica de um medicamento a base de piperazina hexahidratada associada com o extrato fluido de Rhamnus purshiana (DM IndÃstria FarmacÃutica) usada como tratamento anti-helmÃntico em pacientes no CearÃ, Brasil, foi testado em comparaÃÃo com o produto composto de piperazina sem qualquer associaÃÃo (DM IndÃstria FarmacÃutica). Um estudo prospectivo, randomizado, controlado e duplo cego, comparando taxas de cura para infecÃÃo por Ascaris lunbricoides. Amostras coprolÃgicas de 990 pacientes foram coletadas inicialmente e a prevalÃncia de infecÃÃes parasitÃrias intestinais foi examinada. 130 pacientes com amostras fecais positivas para Ascaris lumbricoides foram incluÃdos nos ensaios clÃnicos, no intuito de ser comprovada a eficÃcia e a seguranÃa terapÃutica. InformaÃÃes sobre dados socioeconÃmicos e de saneamento foram coletas a partir de questionÃrio prÃprio. Mais da metade dos pacientes mostrou taxa de monoparasitismo (60%) e prevalÃncia de Ascaris lumbricoides de 29%. Taxa positiva para helmintÃase intestinal e infecÃÃes por protozoÃrios atingiram Ãndice de 48,38% (tricurÃase 04%, ancilostomÃase 0%, amebÃase 04%, giardÃase 10%). Taxa de cura da piperazina associada com extrato fluido de Rhamnus purshiana foi de 93,33% e para a piperazina sem associaÃÃes foi de 96,36%, portanto nÃo apresentou diferenÃa estatisticamente significante em relaÃÃo Ãs taxas de cura dos medicamentos em estudo (P = 0,6809). NÃusea (13,84%) e vÃmito (11,53%) foram os eventos adversos mais prevalentes. NÃo foi evidenciada diferenÃa estatisticamente significante em relaÃÃo à ocorrÃncia de eventos adversos nas duas formulaÃÃes (P = 0,2348). Dados socioeconÃmicos e de saneamento mostraram Ãntima relaÃÃo com a ocorrÃncia infecÃÃo por Ascaris lumbricoides. Piperazina associada com extrato fluido com Rhamnus purshiana mostrou-se eficaz e segura no tratamento da ascaridÃase, na populaÃÃo estudada / The efficacy and the therapeutic security of a manufactured piperazina associated with the extract fluid of Rhamnus purshiana (DM IndÃstria FarmacÃutica) used for deworming patients in CearÃ, Brazil, were tested against the product composed by piperazina without any association (DM IndÃstria FarmacÃutica). A prospective, randomized, controlled and double blind clinical trial, comparing cure rates for Ascaris lumbricoides infections. Stool samples from 990 volunteers were collected at baseline and the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections were viewed. 130 patients with faecal sample positive for Ascaris lumbricoides were included on the clinical trial, to assess the efficacy and therapeutic security. Socio-economic and sanitation information was obtained by an oral questionnaire. More than half of the patient showed monoparasitism (60%) and prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides was (29%) in the study population. Intestinal helminth and protozoon infections egg positive rate was 48.38% (trichuriasis 4%, ancylostomiasis 0%, amebiasis 04%, giardiasis 10%). Cure rate for piperazine associated with the extract fluid of Rhamnus purshiana was 93.33% and piperazine without any association was 96.36%, so there was no significant difference in the cure rates (P = 0.6809). The most prevalent side effects were nausea 13.84% and vomit 11.53%. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of side effects (P = 0.2348). Socio-economic and sanitation dates showed narrow relation with Ascaris lumbricoides. Piperazine associated with the extract fluid of Rhamnus purshiana was efficient and insurance in the treatment of Ascaris lumbricoides in the studied population

Vitamin A deficiency and intestinal parasitism coexist in developing countries. This study evaluated whether a national program of vitamin A supplementation (200,000IU retinyl palmitate every 6 months), if combined with deworming (400mg albendazole), slows reinfection with Ascaris . A baseline survey of 595 indigenous preschool children in the Bocas del Toro region of Panama showed high rates of stunting (61%) and nematode infection (Ascaris 79.5%, Trichuris 19%). All children were dewormed and 328 were included in the 5 month follow-up study. Of these, 106 children received vitamin A supplementation through the Ministry of Health (Vit A S+) and 222 children received no supplementation (Vit A S-). At 3 months post deworming, both the prevalence (P= 0.0004) and intensity (P= 0.0124) of Ascaris infection were higher in Vit A S- children than in Vit A S+ children, indicating that reinfection occurred more slowly in supplemented children. When the two supplement groups were further sub-divided by stature, Vit A S+ resulted in lower reinfection rates (P=0.0002) only in normal height children, and not in stunted children. Despite the tendency of public health policy to target malnourished children our study provides evidence of increased benefit of vitamin A supplementation in normal height children living in areas with chronic parasitosis.

p. 1-91 / Submitted by Antonio Geraldo Couto Barreto (ppgms@ufba.br) on 2013-10-02T18:18:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE FINAL TOTAL 19-09.pdf: 5006094 bytes, checksum: b3c2eaab92221a19848b3eaf975c9789 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Patricia Barroso(pbarroso@ufba.br) on 2013-10-08T17:04:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE FINAL TOTAL 19-09.pdf: 5006094 bytes, checksum: b3c2eaab92221a19848b3eaf975c9789 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-10-08T17:04:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE FINAL TOTAL 19-09.pdf: 5006094 bytes, checksum: b3c2eaab92221a19848b3eaf975c9789 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / OBJETIVO: Estudar a associação entre asma e ascaridíase e sua distribuição espacial em crianças de 2 a 10 anos de idade, no bairro do Pedregal – Campina Grande - PB METODOLOGIA: Estudo transversal, no período de Janeiro e Novembro de 2007. Foram aplicados 1004 questionários padrão International Study of Asthma And Allergy in Childhood (ISAAC), e entregue o recipiente para coleta de material fecal. No exame parasitológico de fezes foi utilizado o método de Ritchie, para o cálculo da carga parasitária foi utilizado o método de Kato-Katz. A posição geográfica das residências foi registrada com um aparelho de GPS GARMIN. Foram utilizados o teste t e teste qui-quadrado (2) de Pearson e de Tendência Linear e Regressão Logística, com Odds Ratio (OR) e Intervalo de Confiança (IC). Para analise espacial o banco de dados e as coordenadas geográficas foram organizados no programa ArcGis 9.3, foi definida uma largura de banda de 50 metros e grade regular composta de 5 x 5 células. RESULTADOS: Associações das cargas parasitárias leve e pesada foram significativas para todos os sintomas da asma (p<0,05). Associações significativas também foram encontradas entre infectados com gênero, escolaridade materna e media de idade; e entre infectados e asmáticos com a faixa etária, renda familiar, média de idade e portadores da co infecção A. lumbricoides e T. trichiura (p<0,05). A análise de Kernel da associação da infecção por A. lumbricoides com a asma, mostrou que não existe homogeneidade na distribuição dos casos, e os clusters tendem a se concentrar nas áreas mais altas do bairro, relativamente distantes da vala de esgoto a céu aberto que atravessa o bairro. A utilização da regressão logística permitiu identificar as variáveis preditoras da asma. CONCLUSÃO: A carga parasitária leve da infecção por A. lumbricoides se apresentou como fator de proteção para a asma e mascara seus sintomas enquanto a carga parasitária alta, caracterizada como fator de risco, evidencia seus sintomas. As análises de Kernel (densidade e razão de risco) indicaram os locais de maior risco da contaminação por A. lumbricoides, e a regressão logística identificou as variáveis independentes estatisticamente significantes para os riscos de asma. / Salvador

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:13:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EdnaMAS_TESE.pdf: 813256 bytes, checksum: 6c2788ba74c72a29680a0f392ee49282 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-20 / Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte / Este trabalho objetivou estudar a imunoglobulina E total e espec?fica para A. lumbricoides e eosin?filos em crian?as de ?rea end?mica, a fim de avaliar a resposta imune do tipo Th2 e relacionar os dados obtidos com a idade, sexo e intensidade da infec??o numa popula??o formada por 205 crian?as com faixa et?ria de 1 a 10 anos, de ambos os sexos e baixo n?vel socioecon?mico. Foram analisadas amostras fecais das crian?as, pelos m?todos de Blagg e Cols. e Kato-katz, determinadas as dosagens s?ricas de IgE total, IgE espec?fica para A. lumbricoides, pelo m?todo ImmunoCAP e realizada a contagem relativa de eosin?filos no sangue perif?rico. Os resultados revelaram uma ocorr?ncia de 182 (88,8 %) para enteroparasitas, 168 (81,9%) para helmintos intestinais e 140 (68,3%) para A. lumbricoides. A mediana dos n?veis s?ricos de IgE total e espec?fica e o n?mero de eosin?filos se apresentaram acima dos valores de refer?ncia padr?o (mediana 480 kU/L, 0,74 kU/L e 8 %). Ocorreu uma diferen?a significante nos n?veis de IgE total, IgE espec?fica e no n?mero de eosin?filos entre as crian?as parasitadas por A. lumbricoides e as n?o parasitadas (p = 0,02; <0,01; < 0,03), no entanto, estes, n?o apresentaram diferen?a significativa com a idade e sexos das crian?as e intensidade da infec??o.Houve uma correla??o positiva entre os n?veis de IgE total e IgE espec?fica (r = 0,55). Conclu?mos, portanto, que a infec??o por enteroparasitas, em especial para o A. lumbricoides, induziu uma resposta imune do tipo Th2 com produ??o de IgE total e espec?fica e eosin?filos nas crian?as infectadas

As Uganda works to transform itself into an industrialized, middle-income country in the coming decades, the country is faced with a number of problematic trends that could hinder this transition. High population growth and urbanization are quickly forcing small towns to deal with issues of limited space and the aesthetic conditions within sanitation systems, while declining soil fertility in surrounding rural areas calls into question the future nutritional security of the growing population. Ecological Sanitation (Eco-San) systems, which are designed to recover nutrients from human excreta, may help to address these trends. Improved sanitation coverage in Uganda is currently estimated to be 34%, with most people using either improved or unimproved pit latrines. Eco-San systems, especially Urine-Diverting Dry Toilets (UDDTs, also referred to as composting toilets), have been promoted in the country, but uptake has been slow. Additionally, while UDDTs generally treat human feces to a greater degree than pit latrines and composting toilets (another type of Eco-San system), concerns have been raised as to the inactivation of environmentally persistent pathogens, such as Ascaris lumbricoides eggs. This research focused on two potential solutions to the issues of effective promotion and Ascaris inactivation, evaluating them in the context of Kalisizo, a small town in southern Uganda. Demonstration facilities have been reported to effectively convince local stakeholders of the benefits and advantages of UDDTs, thereby increasing long-term uptake of the technology in the surrounding community. However, an unresolved question concerns whether these facilities should be installed in household or institutional settings. The initial effects of demonstration facilities constructed at local primary schools in Kalisizo were evaluated by assessing local knowledge and attitudes regarding UDDTs, both before installation and after several months of operation, through focus group discussions and key informant interviews. In general, this promotion strategy proved to be successful. After installation, students exhibited a marked increase in knowledge regarding these facilities and their benefits, and opinions were strongly positive. These changes were seen in users of the facilities as well as non-users, and students expressed clear acceptance of using the products of the toilets to fertilize crops. The introduction of an improved sanitation system at the schools also appears to have sparked other improvements related to sanitation and hygiene. In the future, it is likely that students will be compelling representatives for UDDTs within their households and communities. Regarding the treatment of persistent pathogens, previous work has demonstrated that the elevation of free ammonia levels to levels that can inactivate Ascaris eggs can be achieved through the urea addition. In this research, use of stored urine as an ammonia source for treatment of fecal products from UDDTs in Uganda was investigated. Mixtures of stored urine, fecal products from UDDTs, and wood ash were prepared, and treatment conditions (pH, temperature, ammonia concentration) were compared to the results of previous Ascaris inactivation studies to determine whether this strategy would be a feasible and effective treatment alternative. Results indicated that a volumetric mixture containing two parts stored urine and one part fecal products could provide 4-log1¬0 inactivation of Ascaris eggs after five months of indoor storage or after three months of outdoor storage. This strategy could improve the safety of recovered products while maintaining their agricultural value. Social acceptance of the treatment system appears to be possible with proper education efforts, and a cost comparison showed that this system may be more economically favorable than typical double-vault UDDTs.

No description available.

Gastrointestinal parasites impose a great and often silent burden of morbidity and mortality on poor populations in developing countries. Veron, Dominican Republic (DR), is a rural city in the southeastern corner of the country where many Dominicans and Haitians migrate to for work in support and expansion of the tourist industry of Punta Cana. Few studies of the prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) parasitic infections have been published in the DR. Presently, there is a high prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitic infections throughout the poorest areas of the DR and Haiti. This study investigated the prevalence of GI protozoan and helminth parasites from children at the Rural Clinic of Veron during 2008. Participants provided a fecal sample that was examined microscopically for protozoan and helminth parasites using the fecal flotation technique to concentrate and isolate helminth ova and protozoan cysts. Of 108 fecal samples examined, 107 were positive for one or more parasites. Participant ages ranged from 2 to 15 years; 52 were males and 56 were females. Percent infection rates were 48.2% for Ascaris lumbricoides, 13.9% for Enterobius vermicularis, 24.1% for Entamoeba histolytica, and 22.2% for Giardia intestinalis. 9.3% had double infections. A survey of subject characteristics and risk factors was completed by each parent/guardian. Any plan to reduce GI parasites in children of this region will require a determined effort between international, national, and local health authorities combined with improved education of schools, child care providers, food handlers, and agricultural workers. A special effort must be made to reach out to immigrants and those not part of the public education system and to address microbial water quality. / Ph. D.