Thesis (Ph. D.)--Zhongguo wen hua da xue, 1985. / On double leaves, oriental style. Bibliography: p. 257-276.

A reliable colour appearance model is highly desired by various industries such as textiles, paint, plastic, colour imaging, etc. Five colour appearance models named CAM97s3, CAM97s3c, CAM97s4, CAM97s4c and CAM97s5, which are capable of accurately predicting the colour appearance under different viewing conditions, were developed from this study. They were modified from the current international standard colour appearancem odel CIIECAM97s. A series of extensive psychophysical experiments was conducted to scale the colour appearanceo f object colours using magnitudee stimation methodsu nder twelve phaseso f various viewing conditions in this study. The viewing parameters of the samples included two sizes (large and small), three backgrounds (white, grey and black), two textures (paint and textile) and from perceived colour attributes (lightness, colourfulness, hue and saturation). In total, 40,254 estimations were made. The purposes of this project were: 1. to investigate the influence of the size, background and texture on the perception of three different colour attributes - the lightness, colourfulness and hue; 2. to examine the Helmholtz-Kohlrausch (HK) effect, i. e. the lightness affected by chroma of a sample; 3. to accumulate the saturation experimental data; 4. to test the performanceo f the available colour appearancem odels;a nd 5. to improve existing functions in terms of accuracy and simplicity, and to develop a new saturation scale for the CIIECAM97s type models. This thesisd escribesth e experimentaml ethodsc, ollectiono f the psychophysicadl.a ta, analysis of observer performance and various visual effects. A unique data set in visual experiments was collected and is named the Juan & Luo data set. The results were analyzed and discussed. It, was found that the lightness contrast effect is occurred for both large and small sizes. In general, colours appear darker against a lighter background. The results show that there is no size effect for all three attributes studied: lightness, colourfulness and hue. The textile samples appear slightly lighter and more colourful than the paint samples for all three neutral backgrounds. This study confirmed that the HK effect makes most chromatic colours appear lighter than the neutral colours which have similar luminance. The results also indicate that observers can be trained to scale saturation with a great accuracy. By dividing colourfulness to lightness visual results, a strong correlation between these values and saturation results can be found. Twelve colour appearancem odels were tested using the Juan & Luo results. They can be divided into seven different types: CIELAB, Nayatani, RLAB, Hunt, LLAB, ATD, CIECAM97s. (Each type may have more than one version.) Comparing lightness predictions from different models, ATD and RLAB models slightly outperformed the other models. The CIECAM type models gave the most accurate predictions to the visual colourfulness results amongst all the models tested. All models perform the same good in hue prediction and all gave poor predictions to the data of saturation. Efforts were made to include not just the present but also previously accumulated data sets to derive or modify new scales to improve the performance of the CIECAM97s colour appearancem odel. Finally, five models were achieved:C AM97s3, CAM97s3c, CAM97s4, CAM97s4c and CAM97s5. The former two are more like CIECAM97s, the latter are a simplification of lightness, brightness, chroma, colourfulness and saturation scales to the CIECAM97s. All new models perform nearly the same but CAM97s5 is the best.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--International Faith Theological Seminary University College, London, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 78-79).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--International Faith Theological Seminary University College, London, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 78-79).

Introduction The purpose of this analysis was to identify social, behavioral and cultural factors associated with HIV infection among the Luo people residing on the southern part of Kenya and Somali in the Eastern part of Kenya. Previous studies have linked higher prevalence of HIV in the Luo community to cultural practice such as widow inheritance, and lack of circumcision among men. Analysis was conducted to determine the difference cultural and behavior practice between the Luo and Somali using Kenya demographic health survey (DHS) data, collected between 2008 and 2009, and used statistical computing Software program(SAS) for analysis. Results There were 6906 participants in this survey, 3023 were males and 3811 females. The minimum age was 15 and the maximum age was 54. About 73% of the Luo were Christian and 25% were Catholic, compared to the Somali who were 99% Muslim. 98% of Somali were circumcised and 99% of the Luo were not circumcised. About 60% of the Luo used condoms compared to the 25% of Somali. Multivariate analysis comparing Luo and Somali showed the Luo were at high risk of getting HIV infection compared to Somali adjusted odds ratio (OR= 13.34;95% Cl 2.19 – 81.11). Conclusion Different risk factors were contributing to higher prevalence of HIV among the Luo community. This study was an observation study, hence the cultural and behavior difference observed cannot be used to established causality due to study design limitation. This study finding can be used to develop future study examining the cultural and behavioral risk factors associated with HIV transmission in Africa.

After the fall of the Han dynasty (202 B.C.-220 A.O.), Confucian thought did not become influential again until the end of the T'ang dynasty (618-907) and the beginning of the Sung dynasty (960-1279). Its resurgence in the Sung was accompanied by, if not completely driven by a newly conceived system of metaphysics. Although Sung Confucians honored and frequently referred to Confucius and Mencius, metaphysics was their central concern. Lo Ch'in-shun, a Confucian in the Ming dynasty (1368-1644), saw inconsistencies between traditional Confucian thought and the thought of Sung Confucians. He viewed himself as orthodox and thought it was his duty as a Confucian to fight heterodox thought, and to resolve the inconsistencies within Confucian thought and return it to unity. His philosophy was a product of his approach to these duties and is the subject of this study. Lo's efforts to return to unity can be seen in his work Knowledge Painfully Acquired (K'un-chih chi). After discussing Lo's social context, the following four questions provide a framework to examine his philosophy: !)Given that there is only one Way, what is the Way that runs through the realms of heaven-and-earth and man? 2)Of what does human nature consist? 3)How is it that Mencius said that human nature is good and yet there is evil in the world? and 4)What is the mind(hsin), and how does a man cultivate it to enable him to become a sage? Comparing Lo's views with Confucian thinkers who preceded him provides answers to the questions, and assists in defining Lo's thought. These answers and comparisons show the significant shifts away from Sung Confucian thought contained in Lo's philosophy, but they also show his desire to return to unity. He strove to return to unity not only for himself, but more importantly, for the ultimate good of Confucianism and society.

Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Title proper from title frame. Also available in printed format.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2001. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 296-314).

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 39-41).

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 39-41). Also available in print.