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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Measurements of the Mössbauer Fraction in Chromium

Brace, B. Frederick, Jr. 30 August 1972 (has links)
Precision measurements of the Mossbauer fraction of Fe57 in chromium were made using the black absorber technique over a range of temperatures from 78K to 792K. Because of uncertainty in corrections at high temperatures, only the data collected from 78K to 600K was used in analyzing the results. The f values were analyzed in terms of a Debye approximmation. This analysis of the data yielded a theoretical fit which was based on two adjustable parameters (a Debye temperature of 438K and an anharmonicity parameter of 2 x 10-4K-1). The f measurements were also analyzed using a theory proposed by Mannheim in 1968. Two different phonon density of states functions (Feldman, Muhlestein) were applied to Mannheim’s theory, and the resulting theoretical fits to experimental values showed a decrease in the force constant as a result of introducing an impurity into the chromium. Feldman’s phonon spectrum yielded a force constant ratio of 1.30±.07 and an anharmoncity parameter of ℇ=2.5(±.5) x 10-4K-1.
22

"Obtenção de vidros fosfatados contendo Ferro por meio do aquecimento em fornos de microondas" / CHARACTERIZATION OF IRON PHOSPHATE GLASSES PREPARED BY MICROWAVE HEATING

Almeida, Fábio Jesus Moreira de 28 September 2006 (has links)
Vidros fosfatos são investigados desde a década de 50, sendo obtidos a partir da fusão de compostos inorgânicos em temperaturas relativamente baixas (1000- 1200oC), apresentando baixas temperaturas de transição vítrea. No entanto, estes vidros são sensíveis a ambientes com altas umidades relativas, mostrando certa fragilidade em relação à durabilidade química. Vidros fosfatos de ferro foram obtidos previamente a partir da fusão de precursores inorgânicos apropriados, tanto em fornos de indução, como em fornos elétricos convencionais. A presença de ferro promove o aumento da durabilidade química, suficiente para possibilitar o uso destes materiais como meio imobilizador de rejeitos radioativos ou como fibras de resistência mecânica, adequadas para aplicações específicas. O uso de microondas tem sido investigado exaustivamente, pois possibilita um aquecimento rápido e homogêneo dos materiais. A radiação de microondas interage diretamente com dipolos e íons presentes na estrutura do material promovendo o seu aquecimento. Vidros fosfatos contendo nióbio também já foram produzidos por meio do aquecimento de precursores em fornos de microondas. Outros vidros contendo ferro em sua estrutura foram produzidos por fornos convencionais e tiveram suas estruturas analisadas. Mas mesmo assim, ainda não foi reportada síntese de vidros fosfatos com ferro a partir da fusão de precursores em fornos de microondas. Neste trabalho, misturas de fosfato de amônia dibásico (NH4)2HPO4 e magnetita (Fe3O4) ou (NH4)2HPO4 e ferrita (Fe2O3) foram expostas às microondas, com radiação eletromagnética de 2,45 GHz. Propõe-se que a absorção desta radiação pelo material à temperatura ambiente cause o aquecimento até a completa fusão e homogeneização do material. Os vidros fosfatos de ferro obtidos foram caracterizados por espectroscopia Mössbauer, Difratometria de raios X e Análise térmica diferencial. Uma comparação é realizada com vidros obtidos por meio da fusão em fornos elétricos. / Phosphate glasses have been investigated since the fifties, because they are relatively easy to prepare, have low melting temperatures (1000°C – 1200°C), and low glass transition. However, these glasses were very sensitive to humidity, showing a very low chemical durability. Iron phosphate glasses have been prepared by melting inorganic precursors in conventional electric furnaces and induction furnaces. By adding iron, phosphate glasses became chemical resistant and were thought to be used as nuclear waste forms or mechanical resistance fibers. The use of microwaves has been investigated because it makes possible a fast and homogeneous heating of the materials. Microwave promotes the self-heating of the material by the interaction of the external electromagnetic field with the molecules and ions of the material. Niobium phosphate glasses was also produced already through the heating of precursors in microwave ovens. Other glasses containing iron in theirs structure was produced by conventional furnaces and they had your structures analyzed. But even so, it was not still published synthesis of iron phosphate glasses starting from the melting of precursors materials in microwave ovens. In the present work mixtures of (NH4)2HPO4 and Fe3O4 or (NH4)2HPO4 and Fe2O3 were exposed to microwave energy with electromagnetic waves of 2,45 GHz. It was proposed that the absorption of this radiation for the material causes the heating from room temperature to melting temperature. The obtained iron phosphate glasses was analyzed by X-ray diffraction, Mossbauer spectroscopy, and Differential Thermal Analysis. Iron phosphate glasses were also produced in electrical furnaces for comparison.
23

"Obtenção de vidros fosfatados contendo Ferro por meio do aquecimento em fornos de microondas" / CHARACTERIZATION OF IRON PHOSPHATE GLASSES PREPARED BY MICROWAVE HEATING

Fábio Jesus Moreira de Almeida 28 September 2006 (has links)
Vidros fosfatos são investigados desde a década de 50, sendo obtidos a partir da fusão de compostos inorgânicos em temperaturas relativamente baixas (1000- 1200oC), apresentando baixas temperaturas de transição vítrea. No entanto, estes vidros são sensíveis a ambientes com altas umidades relativas, mostrando certa fragilidade em relação à durabilidade química. Vidros fosfatos de ferro foram obtidos previamente a partir da fusão de precursores inorgânicos apropriados, tanto em fornos de indução, como em fornos elétricos convencionais. A presença de ferro promove o aumento da durabilidade química, suficiente para possibilitar o uso destes materiais como meio imobilizador de rejeitos radioativos ou como fibras de resistência mecânica, adequadas para aplicações específicas. O uso de microondas tem sido investigado exaustivamente, pois possibilita um aquecimento rápido e homogêneo dos materiais. A radiação de microondas interage diretamente com dipolos e íons presentes na estrutura do material promovendo o seu aquecimento. Vidros fosfatos contendo nióbio também já foram produzidos por meio do aquecimento de precursores em fornos de microondas. Outros vidros contendo ferro em sua estrutura foram produzidos por fornos convencionais e tiveram suas estruturas analisadas. Mas mesmo assim, ainda não foi reportada síntese de vidros fosfatos com ferro a partir da fusão de precursores em fornos de microondas. Neste trabalho, misturas de fosfato de amônia dibásico (NH4)2HPO4 e magnetita (Fe3O4) ou (NH4)2HPO4 e ferrita (Fe2O3) foram expostas às microondas, com radiação eletromagnética de 2,45 GHz. Propõe-se que a absorção desta radiação pelo material à temperatura ambiente cause o aquecimento até a completa fusão e homogeneização do material. Os vidros fosfatos de ferro obtidos foram caracterizados por espectroscopia Mössbauer, Difratometria de raios X e Análise térmica diferencial. Uma comparação é realizada com vidros obtidos por meio da fusão em fornos elétricos. / Phosphate glasses have been investigated since the fifties, because they are relatively easy to prepare, have low melting temperatures (1000°C – 1200°C), and low glass transition. However, these glasses were very sensitive to humidity, showing a very low chemical durability. Iron phosphate glasses have been prepared by melting inorganic precursors in conventional electric furnaces and induction furnaces. By adding iron, phosphate glasses became chemical resistant and were thought to be used as nuclear waste forms or mechanical resistance fibers. The use of microwaves has been investigated because it makes possible a fast and homogeneous heating of the materials. Microwave promotes the self-heating of the material by the interaction of the external electromagnetic field with the molecules and ions of the material. Niobium phosphate glasses was also produced already through the heating of precursors in microwave ovens. Other glasses containing iron in theirs structure was produced by conventional furnaces and they had your structures analyzed. But even so, it was not still published synthesis of iron phosphate glasses starting from the melting of precursors materials in microwave ovens. In the present work mixtures of (NH4)2HPO4 and Fe3O4 or (NH4)2HPO4 and Fe2O3 were exposed to microwave energy with electromagnetic waves of 2,45 GHz. It was proposed that the absorption of this radiation for the material causes the heating from room temperature to melting temperature. The obtained iron phosphate glasses was analyzed by X-ray diffraction, Mossbauer spectroscopy, and Differential Thermal Analysis. Iron phosphate glasses were also produced in electrical furnaces for comparison.
24

Mössbauer spectroscopy of Fe-N and Fe-C solid solutions.

DeCristofaro, Nicholas John January 1976 (has links)
Thesis. 1976. Ph.D.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering. / Microfiche copy available in Archives and Science. / Vita. / Includes bibliographical references. / Ph.D.
25

Cristallochimie des biotites ferro-alumineuses dans le système Na2O-K2O-FeO-Fe2O3-Al2O3-SiO3-SiO2-H2O-HF. Analyse par spectrométries vibrationnelles et Mössbauer.

Boukili, Boubker 03 May 1995 (has links) (PDF)
CE TRAVAIL CONCERNE L'ETUDE CRISTALLOCHIMIQUE DES BIOTITES FERRO-ALUMINEUSES DE SYNTHESE DANS LE SYSTEME NA20-K20-FE0-FE203-AL203-SI02-H20-HF, EN FONCTION DE LA TEMPERATURE ET DE LA FUGACITE D'OXYGENE. LES METHODES DE CARACTERISATION EMPLOYEES SONT LA DIFFRACTION X ET LES SPECTROMETRIES INFRAROUGE, RAMAN ET MOSSBAUER. EN L'ABSENCE DE FLUOR, LE FER FERRIQUE SE REPARTIT ENTRE SITES TETRA- ET OCTAEDRIQUES, SA TENEUR GLOBALE AUGMENTE AVEC LA FUGACITE D'OXYGENE. EN CONDITIONS HYDROTHERMALES, L'OXYDATION DU FER FAIT INTERVENIR AU MOINS TROIS MECANISMES, ET N'EST PAS ASSOCIEE A LA SEULE DEPROTONATION. LE POLE ANNITE THEORIQUE N'EST PAS STABLE ; L'ANNITE NE PEUT ETRE DECRITE QUE COMME UNE SOLUTION SOLIDE A CINQ CONSTITUANTS. LA SOLUBILITE DE F EST BEAUCOUP PLUS ELEVEE DANS L'ANNITE (XF = 0,5), OU ELLE PROVOQUE UNE DIMINUTION DE LA TENEUR EN FER FERRIQUE, QUE DANS LES BIOTITES ALUMINEUSES (XF = 0,2) DANS LESQUELLES LA PROPORTION DE FER FERRIQUE DIMINUE. CET ENSEMBLE DE DONNEES MONTRE UNE ADAPTATION DE LA STRUCTURE DE CES MICAS A LA FOIS AUX CONDITIONS DE GENESE ET A LA COMPOSITION GLOBALE DES SYSTEMES. EN PARTICULIER, LES MODIFICATIONS DES DISTRIBUTIONS CATIONIQUES INTERSITES ET INTERCOUCHES PERMETTENT LE MAINTIEN DE L'ELECTRONEUTRALITE LOCALE, ET L'ADAPTATION DIMENSIONNELLE DES COUCHES. LE DOMAINE DE STABILITE DES BIOTITES SODIQUES EST LIMITE AUX COMPOSITIONS LES PLUS ALUMINEUSES. D'UN POINT DE VUE METHODOLOGIQUE, L'AVANCEE LA PLUS SIGNIFICATIVE CONCERNE LA SPECTROMETRIE MOSSBAUER AVEC LA MISE EN EVIDENCE DE TROIS DOUBLETS FERREUX DANS CERTAINS CAS, ET D'ORDRES: FER FERREUX EN M1, FER FERRIQUE ET ALUMINIUM EN M2.
26

MAGNETIC PROPERTIES AND MOESSBAUER SPECTRA OF TRANSITION-METAL COMPLEXES

Wesolowski, Wayne E. January 1971 (has links)
No description available.
27

57 Fe Mössbauer studies of 57 Mn* implanted III-V semiconductors InP and InAs.

Dlamini, Wendy Bonakele. 15 November 2013 (has links)
III-V compound semiconductors such as Gallium Arsenide, Indium Phosphide as well as Indium Arsenide have recently demonstrated the capability of applications in high speed semiconductor devices compared to those made from Silicon. As a result, III-V compound semiconductors have drawn attention of material researchers, in particular in understanding the effects that may occur during manufacturing of these devices. Optical and electrical properties of a device may alter when a foreign atom is introduced during the manufacturing of the device. However, the foreign atom may also lead to the formation of lattice disorder (defects). A convenient way of introducing impurity atoms into a substrate and tailoring their functionality for particular applications is by ion implantation. Mössbauer spectroscopy is a useful technique usually utilized for understanding site location of the impurity atoms in a lattice and the formation of defect complexes. The focus of this dissertation is the study of lattice location of ion implanted ⁵⁷Mn/⁵⁷Fe ions in the III-V semiconductors InP, n-type InAs and p type InAs, and the annealing of implantation induced lattice damage in these samples. ⁵⁷Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy studies have been conducted on III-V semiconductors InP, n-type InAs and p-type InAs with the 57Fe Mössbauer state being populated following the implantation of radioactive ⁵⁷Mn⁺ ions which has the advantage that extremely low fluence implantations are sufficient to give data with good statistics. The ⁵⁷Mn⁺ ions were accelerated to 60 keV at the ISOLDE/CERN facility and implanted with fluences of up to 2x10¹² ions/cm² into single crystal samples which were held at 300 –700 K in an implantation chamber. βdecay of the Mn⁺ imparts an average recoil energy of 40 keV to the daughter ⁵⁷*Fe which are then re-distributed onto interstitial and/or substitutional sites, or trapped in defect complexes and damage sites. The Mössbauer spectra were collected with a light-weight parallel plate avalanche counter, with ⁵⁷Fe enriched stainless steel electrodes, mounted on a conventional drive unit outside the implantation chamber. The spectra were analyzed with the Mössbauer fitting code VINDA which allowed for simultaneous fits of the set of spectra for each sample collected at different temperatures. Acceptable fits to the Mössbauer spectra of the InP, n-type InAs and p-type InAs samples required three components: an asymmetric doublet attributed to Fe atoms in implantation induced damaged environments, a single line assigned to Fe on substitutional In sites, and a weak symmetric doublet assigned to impurity-vacancy complexes. In InP there is already an appreciable substitutional Fe (Feѕ) fraction on implantation at room temperature; while in the InAs samples FeS only becomes significant above 400 K. In all samples, the asymmetric doublet dominates the spectra below 400 K. Implantation damage, however, anneals quite rapidly and at high temperatures (above 400 K), the single line due to Feѕ dominates the spectra while the Fe-defect complex dissociates at 500 K. The implantation induced damage is observed to anneal fast in the arsenide samples compared to the phosphide sample. The slow annealing of the damage in InP was supported by the higher Debye temperature (290 K) extracted from the temperature dependence of the site population for the damage site in InP compared with InAs (194 K and 200 K for n-type and p-type, respectively). Variations in the isomer shift and quadrupole splitting for the damage site in InP at high temperatures (above 400 K) suggest structural changes in the neighborhood of the ⁵⁷Fe probe. Furthermore, the isomer shifts of the spectral components were consistent with near trivalent state and fully trivalent state i.e., Fe³⁺ with d⁵ electron configuration for Fe ions in the damage site and at the substitutional (In) site, respectively. The impurity Fe atoms associated with vacancies are identified to be in the Fe²⁺ state with a d⁶ electron configuration. ________________________________________________________________ / Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, 2011.
28

Síntese e Caracterização de Nanoferritas do tipo Mn1-xZnxFe2O4 (x = 0; 0,5; 1) Preparadas por High-Energy Ball Milling.

PROCOPIO, E. F. 27 July 2017 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-01T21:59:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_11389_Dissertação final Erik Fissicaro Procópio.pdf: 24584907 bytes, checksum: 5ba9c93de30291017ebff299b50c84bf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-27 / Neste trabalho, estudamos a formação e as propriedades estruturais e magnéticas das fases de ferritas Mn1-xZnxFe2O4 (x = 0; 0,5; 1), preparadas pela técnica de moagem (High-energy ball milling), via difração de raios-X (DRX), espectroscopia Mössbauer do 57Fe (sem campo aplicado) e medidas de susceptibilidade magnética (em função da temperatura e da frequência do campo AC). Para as ferritas mista e pura de Mn, houve um acidente no processo de preparação e constatamos uma contaminação dos materiais, que comprometeu a apresentação sistemática dos resultados. Resolvemos apresentar os resultados nesta dissertação para ficarem registrados. Com a parte confiável dos dados, fomos capazes de inferir que todas as ferritas, preparadas por moagem nas condições estabelecidas neste trabalho, apresentam uma cinética de formação bastante similar. Contudo, tivemos sucesso na produção da ferrita de zinco (ZnFe2O4), onde acompanhamos a cinética de formação desta fase, que se iniciou nas primeiras 10 h de moagem, mas que não se completou mesmo após 200 h [existe ainda 6% dos precursores (pós de ZnO e α-Fe2O3) no material]. Especificamente, observamos uma alta taxa de formação da fase ZnFe2O4 até às 90 h de moagem, com posterior redução da taxa de reação de estado sólido entre os pós precursores. Por espectroscopia Mössbauer do 57Fe e difração de raios-X, distinguimos a formação de duas fases distintas da ferrita ZnFe2O4 moída por 200 h: uma com estrutura cristalina do tipo espinélio e parâmetro de rede similar ao valor encontrado para este material no bulk e uma fase magnética. Esta fase com grãos cristalinos da ordem de 12 nm para a amostra moída 200 h (recém moída), segundo os espectros Mössbauer, tem temperatura de ordem magnética bem acima (TC ≈ 90 K) daquela encontra para a ferrita no bulk, que é de 10 K. Atribuímos este aumento no valor de TC ao processo de inversão catiônica entre os sítios A e B da estrutura espinélio que, por sua vez, deveriam ser ocupados somente por íons Zn e Fe, respectivamente. A outra componente dos espectros Mössbauer, com temperatura de ordem magnética acima de 300 K, corresponde uma distribuição de campos magnéticos hiperfinos. As frações destas componentes mudam à medida que procedemos com tratamentos térmicos, ou seja, quando se: (i) aumenta o tamanho médio de grãos, (ii) reduz as micro-tensões produzidas pelo processo de moagem e (iii) reduz também a inversão catiônica entre os sítios A e B. Este processo de tratamento térmico produz um material ainda nanoestruturado, mas com grãos da ordem de 14-17 nm, que se ordenam em temperaturas inferiores à temperatura de 30 K, segundo medidas de susceptibilidade magnética AC e Mössbauer. Propomos dois modelos (A e B) para explicar nossos dados experimentais. No modelo A, a região de contorno de grão é desprezível do ponto de vista magnético e teríamos uma vasta distribuição de tamanhos de grãos. No modelo B, teríamos uma distribuição mais estreita de grãos, mas com grande contribuição das regiões de contornos de grãos, ou seja, região que governará a interação magnética entre os grãos. Não conseguimos definir qual dos modelos é o mais apropriado, mas baseado em argumentos físicos, inferimos que seja o modelo B. De qualquer forma, os grãos, com ordem cristalina, estariam interagindo magneticamente e produzindo um T0 (do modelo de Fulcher) de 75 K. Este valor, juntamente com os dados de susceptibilidade magnética, indicam que a ferrita de ZnFe2O4 tratada termicamente em 773 ou 973 K exibe comportamento tipo cluster-glass, com valores das temperaturas de congelamento bem definidos, uma vez que @Tχ(Tf ; f) = 0.
29

Low temperature properties of actinide metals : a Mössbauer spectroscopy study of intermetallic compounds of iron with plutonium, neptunium, uranium and thorium

Blow, Stephen January 1968 (has links)
No description available.
30

Conception et réalisation de détecteurs dédiés à l'analyse de couches minces par spectrométrie Mossbauer : application à l'étude des propriétés magnétiques de films d'oxydes multiferroïques. / Development of detectors dedicated to thin films studies by Mössbauer spectrometry : application to characterization of magnetics properties of multiferroics oxides films

Appert, Florian 20 December 2017 (has links)
Ce travail de thèse porte sur la réalisation de deux instruments adaptés à l’étude de couches minces par spectrométrie Mössbauer du 57Fe par électrons de conversion (CEMS) et à leur utilisation pour la caractérisation de films épitaxiés de ferrite de bismuth BiFeO3 (BFO). Le premier dispositif est constitué d’un compteur proportionnel couplé à un module thermoélectrique. Il permet l’acquisition de manière simple et économique de spectres Mössbauer sur une gamme de température variant de 245 à 375K et sous une induction magnétique externe allant jusqu’à 1,4 T. Un second dispositif a été développé sur la base d’un channeltron™et d’un cryostat à circulation d’hélium pour des acquisitions allant jusqu’à 4 K. Les analyses CEMS ont été réalisées sur des couches minces de différentes épaisseurs de BFO (110) et (001) épitaxiées sur LaAlO3 et SrTiO3. Au-delà d’une épaisseur critique, les couches de BFO (110) présentent un mélange de phases magnétiques colinéaire et cycloïdale. La phase colinéaire présente un axe d’anisotropie suivant [001] dans le plan de la couche et lamodulation cycloïdale se propage dans un plan perpendiculaire à celui-ci. Des effets combinés de contraintes et dimensionnalité ont été avancés pour expliquer la déstabilisation de la cycloïde pour les couches les plus fines. Dans les couches minces de BFO (001) présentant une phase tétragonale de BFO, les mesures CEMS ont montré que la température de mise en ordre magnétique se rapproche de l’ambiante lorsque l’épaisseur des couches diminue. / This work is devoted to the development of two Mössbauer detectors dedicated to thin films studies by conversion electron Mössbauer spectrometry (CEMS), and to their use for the characterization of bismuth ferrite BiFeO3 (BFO) epitaxials thin films. The first designed instrument is composed of a proportional counter and a thermoelectric module. It allows CEMS acquisitions of Mössbauer spectra from 245 to 375K with an external magnetic field upto 1.4 T. The second device is based on a commercial channeltron™ and a continuous flow cryostat allowing measurements downto 4 K. The CEMS measurements have been performed on (110) and (001) oriented BFO layers with various thickness deposited on LaAlO3 et SrTiO3 substrates. Beyond a critical thickness, the (110) BFO exhibits a mixing of collinear and cycloidal magnetic phases. The collinear phase shows an anisotropy axis [001] direction which is located in the sample plane. The cycloid propagation plane have been found to be perpendicular to the sample plane. Both epitaxial strain and size effects have been proposed to explain the cycloid destabilization in the thinner films. In (001) BFO thin films, exhibiting a BFO tetragonal phase, the CEMS measurements have shown that the magnetic ordering temperature tends to decrease with the layer thickness.

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