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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Relación entre la neumonía intrahospitalaria y la disfunción del músculo diafragma en pacientes post desorden vásculo cerebral isquémico en fase hospitalaria 2015

Tito Mallqui, Bryan Dalmacio January 2016 (has links)
Objetivos: El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la relación entre la neumonía intrahospitalaria y la disfunción del musculo diafragma en pacientes post desorden vásculo cerebral isquémico en fase hospitalaria del año 2015. Materiales y métodos: tipo de estudio observacional de tipo transversal, descriptivo, prospectivo, correlacional; se utilizó un espirómetro proporcionado por el hospital, se contó con la participación de 35 pacientes del mismo hospital y se obtuvieron los datos personales y diagnósticos de la revisión de las historias clínicas. Los pacientes fueron reclutados desde el mes de Julio hasta Diciembre del 2015, y se les realizó la prueba de espirometría por única vez. Principales medidas de resultado: se midió la Capacidad Vital Forzada (FVC) y Volumen Espiratorio Máximo en el primer segundo (FEV1) para determinar presencia/ausencia de disfunción diafragmática. Se confirmó la presencia/ausencia de neumonía intrahospitalaria con la revisión de las historias clínicas. Resultados: se determinó asociación entre disfunción diafragmática y neumonía intrahospitalaria (p<0.05). Así mismo, se estimó el OR = 10.909 (IC95%: 1.185 - 100.411). Conclusiones: Se determinó relación entre la disfunción diafragmática y la neumonía intrahospitalaria estadísticamente significativa. La disfunción diafragmática varía de persona a persona, siendo así que la mayoría de los participantes presentaron disfunción diafragmática. Las personas de mayor edad tienen más riesgo de presentar neumonía intrahospitalaria y disfunción diafragmática. Palabras clave: Neumonía intrahospitalaria (NIH), Disfunción del músculo diafragma, Desorden Vásculo Cerebral (DVC) Isquémico / --- Objetives: This investigation aimed to determine the relationship between nosocomial pneumoniae and dysfunction of diaphragm muscle in nosocomial patients with acute ischemic stroke – 2015. Materials and Methods: this investigation was an observational, cross – sectional, descriptive, prospective, correlational study; we used a hospital’s spirometer, 35 persons decided to participate, we got the personal information and obtained diagnoses of medical history. Patients were recruited from July to December – 2015, and ther performed a spirometic test just one time. Main outcome measures: we measured Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) and Forced Expiratory Volume in the first second (FEV1) to determinate presence/absence for diaphragmatic dysfuction. We confirmed presence/absence for nosocomial pneumoniae through review of medical history. Results: We determined an asociation between diaphragmatic dysfuction and nosocomial pneumoniae (p<0.05). Also, we calculated OR = 10.909 (IC 95%:1.185 – 100.411) Conclusions: we determined a relationship between diaphragmatic dysfuction and nosocomial pneumoniae statistically significant. Diaphragmatic dysfuction varies from person to person, most patients performed diaphragmatic dysfuction. Elderly people have more risk to perform nosocomial pneumoniae and diaphragmatic dysfuction. Keywords: nosocomial pneumoniae, diaphragmatic dysfuction, acute ischemic stroke.
2

Estudo da derivação duodenojejunal sobre a estrutura das fibras musculares e junções neuromusculares do músculo diafragma de ratos obesos induzidos por dieta de cafeteria / Duodenal-Jujunal bypass does not affect the structure or ultrastructure of the muscle fibers or the neuromuscular junctions in the diaphragm of obese rats

Ulsenheimer, Bruna Hart 09 April 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T14:17:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Disse Bruna_Hart Ulsenheimer - 2015.pdf: 2178215 bytes, checksum: 09b8e8a87e9abce53b52ac7a53bd9afb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-04-09 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Concerning obesity, the diaphragm dynamics can be impaired due to the excess of fat deposited in thorax and abdomen, leading to changes in respiratory function. A technique of bariatric surgery known as duodenal-jejunal bypasses (DJB) has been investigated as a treatment strategy in obesity and its comorbidities. However, the effects of this procedure on skeletal muscles have not yet been observed. The present study aimed at investigating the DJB effects on the neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) and muscle fibers of diaphragm of obese rats induced by cafeteria diet. Male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: a control group (CTL) that received a standard diet and water, and Western Diet group (WD) that received a cafeteria diet and soft drink for 10 weeks. After this period, WD group was distributed into two groups: WD sham-operated rats (WD SHAM); and WD DJB-operated rats (WD DJB). Following surgery, both the WD groups continued to receive the cafeteria diet. After eight weeks, the animals were euthanized and samples of diaphragm muscle were collected to analyze its fibers, quantify its collagen and evaluate NMJs morphometric. WD SHAM rats displayed an increase in body weight, the Lee index and retroperitoneal and peri-epididymal fat pads compared to the CTL group and DJB surgery did not alter these parameters. The muscle fiber structure and NMJs were similar in the WD SHAM and CTL groups. However, the WD SHAM group showed alterations in the fiber ultrastructure, such as loosely arranged myofibrils and Z line disorganization in the diaphragm. In addition, WD SHAM animals presented a considerable amount of lipid droplets and a reduction in the percentage of collagen in diaphragm muscle compared to the CTL group. DJB did not affect the structure or ultrastructure of the muscle fibers or the NMJs in the diaphragm of the WD DJB animals. Two months after the procedure, DJB did not improve the alterations observed in the diaphragm of WD obese-rats. / Na obesidade, a dinâmica do músculo diafragma pode ser prejudicada pelo excesso de tecido adiposo depositado no tórax e abdome, levando a alterações na mecânica respiratória. Uma técnica de cirurgia bariátrica conhecida como a derivação duodenojejunal (DDJ) tem sido investigada como estratégia de tratamento na obesidade e em suas comorbidades. Todavia, os efeitos desse procedimento sobre a musculatura esquelética ainda não foram observados. Assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar os efeitos da DDJ sobre as junções neuromusculares (JNMs) e nas fibras musculares do músculo diafragma de ratos obesos induzidos por dieta de cafeteria. Ratos Wistar machos foram separados em dois grupos: grupo controle (CTL) que recebeu dieta padrão e água, e grupo cafeteria (CAF) que recebeu dieta de cafeteria e refrigerante durante 10 semanas. Após este período, o grupo CAF foi distribuído em dois grupos: Grupo cafeteria submetido à falsa operação (CAF SHAM) e Grupo cafeteria submetido à DDJ (CAF DDJ). Após a cirurgia, ambos os grupos CAF continuaram a receber a dieta de cafeteria. Passadas oito semanas, os animais foram eutanasiados e amostras do músculo diafragma foram coletadas para análise das fibras musculares, quantificação de colágeno e avaliação morfométrica das JNMs. Os animais do grupo CAF SHAM apresentaram aumento do peso corporal, no índice de Lee e nas gorduras retroperitoneal e periepididial quando comparado ao grupo CTL e a cirurgia de DDJ não reverteu este parâmetro. A estrutura das fibras musculares e das JNMs foram semelhante entre os grupos CAF SHAM e CTL. No entanto, o grupo CAF SHAM apresentou alterações na ultraestrutura das fibras como miofibrilas frouxamente arranjadas e desorganização de linha Z no músculo diafragma. Além disso, o grupo CAF SHAM apresentou uma quantidade considerável de gotículas de lipídios e redução na porcentagem de colágeno quando comparado ao grupo CTL. A DDJ não afetou a estrutura e a ultraestrutura das fibras musculares ou das JNMs do músculo diafragma dos animais do grupo CAF DDJ. Dois meses após o procedimento, a DDJ não melhorou as alterações observadas no músculo diafragma de ratos obesos induzidos por dieta de cafeteria.

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