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Mercury (Hg) is a known neurotoxin that is often found in concentrations exceeding safe consumption guidelines in aquatic biota. This is evident in northern Canada, where northerners consume significant amounts of animals such as beluga, seals and burbot. In the Mackenzie River Basin, recent increases in Hg concentration in many of these animals over the past 25 years have been observed. The warming climate, and with it, the changing carbon cycle, are hypothesised in this thesis to play a role in the increases. Within the context of the two major zones (mountainous and peatland), with distinct geomorphology, hydrology and geology, traditional fossil fuel exploration methods (Rock-Eval pyrolysis, organic petrography) have been employed in a novel manner on recent sediments to qualify and quantify the OM and several geochemical analyses have been used to determine the geochemical sources of Hg. The mountainous zone is composed mostly of refractory OM, from forest fire char and heavily reworked OM. It also contains, and fluxes, most of the Hg, which derives from oxidative weathering and erosion of widespread sulfide minerals. However, Hg from this zone is in chemical forms of limited bioavailability. The peatland zone has a greater proportion of labile OM, with higher concentrations of DOC and algal-derived OM. Lake-fed tributaries in this zone contain even higher proportions of labile OM. At one of these sites, the sediment core record shows that Hg has been increasingly associated with labile OM over time, due to increasing primary productivity accelerated by climate change, and is resulting in an increase in scavenged Hg. The temporal trend in algal-bound Hg in the sediment record matches very well with the temporal trend of Hg in burbot sampled from the area, providing one of the first and strongest lines of evidence for the climatic impact on Hg bioaccumulation in Arctic ecosystems.

Mercury (Hg) is a known neurotoxin that is often found in concentrations exceeding safe consumption guidelines in aquatic biota. This is evident in northern Canada, where northerners consume significant amounts of animals such as beluga, seals and burbot. In the Mackenzie River Basin, recent increases in Hg concentration in many of these animals over the past 25 years have been observed. The warming climate, and with it, the changing carbon cycle, are hypothesised in this thesis to play a role in the increases. Within the context of the two major zones (mountainous and peatland), with distinct geomorphology, hydrology and geology, traditional fossil fuel exploration methods (Rock-Eval pyrolysis, organic petrography) have been employed in a novel manner on recent sediments to qualify and quantify the OM and several geochemical analyses have been used to determine the geochemical sources of Hg. The mountainous zone is composed mostly of refractory OM, from forest fire char and heavily reworked OM. It also contains, and fluxes, most of the Hg, which derives from oxidative weathering and erosion of widespread sulfide minerals. However, Hg from this zone is in chemical forms of limited bioavailability. The peatland zone has a greater proportion of labile OM, with higher concentrations of DOC and algal-derived OM. Lake-fed tributaries in this zone contain even higher proportions of labile OM. At one of these sites, the sediment core record shows that Hg has been increasingly associated with labile OM over time, due to increasing primary productivity accelerated by climate change, and is resulting in an increase in scavenged Hg. The temporal trend in algal-bound Hg in the sediment record matches very well with the temporal trend of Hg in burbot sampled from the area, providing one of the first and strongest lines of evidence for the climatic impact on Hg bioaccumulation in Arctic ecosystems.

The main objective of this study was to describe the overflow of freshwater onto the sea ice surface in the Mackenzie Delta and to investigate the hydraulic behaviour of the upwelling and strudel events. This study was performed from the analysis of data collected during field investigations, from satellite images and from experimental laboratory studies. A forecasting method using the water level in the Mackenzie River was formulated to predict the overflow initiation about five days before its occurrence. The physical modelling of a strudel flow through a circular hole established a relation between the overflow depth and the discharge coefficient. Velocity measurements of the free-surface vortex using an Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter found that velocities at the vortexs core were influenced by its vorticity. Finally, predictions of maximum strudel scour, which are of great importance for the determination of burial depth of pipelines, were predicted from published impinging jet experiments. / Water Resources Engineering

Thesis (Ph.D)--University of Alberta, 2010. / Title from pdf file main screen (viewed May 16, 2010). "A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Anthropology". Includes bibliographical references.

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<p> The analysis of six jack pine populations along a north-south transect through the MacKenzie River Valley in the Northwest Territories revealed no significant latitudinal trends in cone and seed morphometric measurements. In attempting to determine whether any variations may be environmentally induced, Radial Growth Rates were, 1)compared between sites. and 2), were correlated with morphometric measurements. No significant results were produced. In correlating trait measurements between sites and between one another in order to determine whether migration may be producing trends, again no significant relatlonships were obtained. A comparison of jack pine with the similar species lodgepole pine suggests that if the same factors controlling the migration of lodgepole pine also control jack pine migration, wing loading should be less in more recent populations. However, this study indicates no significant results in this respect. It is suggested, however, that a further sampling south along the latitudinal transect may produce significant results.</p> / Thesis / Candidate in Philosophy

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:48:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cesar Guimaraes do Carmo.pdf: 822372 bytes, checksum: 0d2d57466808c9c6da2871dfb786235c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-13 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / This monograph reflects, from a Religious Studies perspective, on the reformed praxis and Brazilian educational development in the second half of 19th Century. It approaches as main theme the presuppositions of the Reformed praxis related to education, as well as it does secondarily about Roman Catholic Church praxis. It verifies the Catholic Church presence and action through the Jesuits: his methods and the results of their activities until the banishment during 1760, while the pombalinas reforms were taking place. It observes that the Reformation brought in itself a new perspective of human inclusion in society, where he/she should accomplish his/her divine mission. A faithful one was called to worship God and to serve him all over the world being faithful in every and each feature of his/her life, also to develop his/her skills given by God, not only in a religious affairs, but as well as in politics, science, art, education, in all spheres, where God is served by human activity. The thought above, primarily found in Calvin, grounded the first missionaries conduct and behavior on Brazilian soil, mainly, those Presbyterians, that is the focus of this research. They developed reformed praxis to build a relationship with the world that transforms it. They grounded it through an authentic spiritual experience, not in an obscure knowledge, but in the practice of good works and in the practical realities of life, keeping far from scholasticism and Aristotelianism. They understood, from a reformed perspective, the education as a necessary tool to the development of the faith and social transformation. Education aimed, therefore, to create human beings with moral values who could get involved in their duties to God, to themselves, to their neighbors and to their nation. The results obtained became evident through the establishments and histories of Mackenzie and Gammon Presbyterian Institutes. / Este texto reflete, a partir das Ciências da Religião, sobre a práxis reformada e o desenvolvimento educacional do Brasil na segunda metade do século XIX. Aborda como tema central, os pressupostos da práxis Reformada ligadas à educação, e examina secundariamente a práxis da Igreja Católica Apostólica Romana quanto ao mesmo tema. Verificou-se a presença e a atuação da Igreja Católica através dos jesuítas: seus métodos e resultados de sua atuação até a expulsão em 1760, no contexto das reformas pombalinas. Observou-se que a Reforma do Século XVI trouxe em seu bojo uma nova visão de inserção do indivíduo na sociedade, onde ele deveria cumprir sua missão divina. O fiel foi convocado a louvar a Deus e servi-lo no mundo e em cada aspecto da vida e desenvolver as habilidades concedidas por Deus, não somente na religião, mas na política, na ciência, na arte, na educação, enfim, em todas as esferas, nas quais Deus é servido, por meio da atividade humana. Este pensamento, verificado principalmente em Calvino, norteou a conduta dos primeiros missionários nas terras brasileiras, especialmente, dos presbiterianos, foco desta pesquisa. Eles desenvolveram a práxis reformada na construção de uma relação com o mundo, que o transforma. Fundamentaram-na através de uma experiência espiritual autêntica, não em um conhecimento obscuro, mas no desenvolvimento das obras e na vida prática, distanciando-se do escolasticismo e do aristotelismo. Entenderam, a partir do pensamento reformado, a educação como ferramenta necessária para o desenvolvimento da fé e transformação social. A educação, visava portanto, formar homens com valores morais que se envolveriam nos deveres para com Deus, para consigo mesmo, para com o seu próximo e para com a sua pátria. Os resultados obtidos foram evidenciados com a fundação e a história do Instituto Presbiteriano Mackenzie e do Instituto Presbiteriano Gammon.