?rea de concentra??o: Biotecnologia e melhoramento gen?tico florestal. / Incluir a Companhia Energ?tica de Minas Gerais S.A. (CEMIG), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM) e Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) como ag?ncias financiadoras. / Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-12-18T17:15:46Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) lilian_almeida_brito.pdf: 1387334 bytes, checksum: b11b197308560b439026c5ce3e4ce1fc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-01-03T17:04:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) lilian_almeida_brito.pdf: 1387334 bytes, checksum: b11b197308560b439026c5ce3e4ce1fc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-03T17:04:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) lilian_almeida_brito.pdf: 1387334 bytes, checksum: b11b197308560b439026c5ce3e4ce1fc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / Herbicidas com baixo poder de sor??o podem deixar res?duos no ambiente pass?veis de contamina??o em cursos h?dricos. A passagem dos res?duos para os cursos h?dricos pode ser diminu?da ou mesmo anulada por camadas vegetadas, notadamente, em matas ciliares. Contudo, pouca informa??o existe sob os efeitos de herbicidas em esp?cies florestais, principalmente na fase inicial de desenvolvimento. Com esse prop?sito avaliou-se a sensibilidade das esp?cies Senegalia polyphylla (DC.) Britton & Rose (monjoleiro) e Senna macranthera (DC. Ex collad.) H.S. Irwin & Barnaby (fedegoso) a res?duos dos herbicidas ametryn, atrazine, hexazinone e 2,4-D. Para o primeiro cap?tulo adotaram-se doses correspondentes a 0; 12,5; 25 e 50% daquela comercialmente recomendada de ametryn, atrazine e hexazinone em esquema fatorial 3 x 4 x 2 (herbicidas x doses x esp?cies) com quatro repeti??es, conduzidos em blocos ao acaso em casa de vegeta??o com temperatura controlada. Avaliou-se emerg?ncia, ?ndice de Velocidade de Emerg?ncia (IVE), taxa de mortalidade, massa fresca e seca, altura, di?metro, n?mero de folhas, al?m de vari?veis fisiol?gicas obtidas com aux?lio de um analisador a gases no infravermelho (IRGA). No segundo cap?tulo foram instalados dois experimentos paralelos (um por esp?cie) delineados inteiramente ao acaso em esquema fatorial 2 x 4, correspondentes a duas fontes de 2,4-D (produto comercial DMA? ou auxina Sigma-Aldrich? P.A.) e quatro concentra??es (0; 0,1; 1 e 10 mg.L-1 de 2,4-D), com quatro repeti??es e oito r?plicas cada. As esp?cies foram avaliadas quanto ? germina??o, ?ndice de Velocidade de Germina??o (IVG), contamina??o, di?metro, massa fresca e seca. Como resultado, de maneira geral o monjoleiro se mostrou mais sens?vel aos herbicidas, todavia, demonstrou potencial fitorremediador para atrazine. A compara??o entre os tipos de 2,4-D revela que o herbicida n?o pode ser utilizado como regulador de crescimento em laborat?rio, potencialmente devido aos aditivos que apresenta. Por fim, os resultados apontam que o uso recorrente de herbicidas lixivi?veis pr?ximos a fragmentos florestais podem afetar a perpetua??o de esp?cies nativas por efeito delet?rio silencioso. Novas pesquisas precisam ser realizadas com outras esp?cies nativas a fim de conhecer os efeitos dessas e de outras mol?culas ao ecossistema em geral. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncia Florestal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2017. / Herbicides with low sorption capacity can leave residues without an environment liable to contamination in water courses. Passage from the residues to the watercourses can be reduced or even negated by layers vegetated, notably in riparian forests. However, scarce information exists about the effects of herbicides on forest species, especially in the early stages of development. For this purpose the sensitivity of the species Senegalia polyphylla (DC.) Britton & Rose (monjoleiro) and Senna macranthera (DC. Ex collad.) H.S. Irwin & Barnaby (fedegoso) to residues of the herbicides ametryn, atrazine, hexazinone and 2,4-D were evaluated. For the first chapter doses corresponding to 0, 12.5, 25 and 50% of that commercially recommended for ametryn, atrazine and hexazinone were adopted in a 3 x 4 x 2 factorial arrangement (herbicides x doses x species) with four replicates, conducted in randomized blocks under controlled temperature greenhouse. It was evaluated the emergence, Emergency Speed Index (IVE), mortality rate, fresh and dry mass, height, diameter, number of leaves, and physiological variables obtained with the aid of an infrared gas analyzer (IRGA). In the second chapter were installed two parallel experiments (one per species) completely randomly delineated in a 2 x 4 factorial scheme, corresponding to two sources of 2,4-D (commercial product DMA? or auxin Sigma-Aldrich? P.A.) and four concentrations (0; 0,1; 1 e 10 mg.L-1 of 2,4-D), with four repletitons and eight replicates each. The species were evaluated for germination, Germination Speed Index (IVG), contamination, diameter, fresh and dry mass. As a result, in general the monjoleiro showed to be more sensitive to herbicides, however, it demonstrated a phytoremediation potential for atrazine. The comparison between the 2,4-D types reveals that herbicide cannot be used as a growth regulator in the laboratory, potentially due to the additives it presents. Finally, the results indicate that the recurrent use of leachable herbicides close to forest fragments can affect the perpetuation of native species by a silent deleterious effect. New research is done for other native species to know the effects of other molecules on the ecosystem in general.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-04-04T12:38:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 lyviaguarizenogueira.pdf: 1164256 bytes, checksum: 7749eec9de6c8874889e02d34d03dada (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-04-04T15:35:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 lyviaguarizenogueira.pdf: 1164256 bytes, checksum: 7749eec9de6c8874889e02d34d03dada (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-04T15:35:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 lyviaguarizenogueira.pdf: 1164256 bytes, checksum: 7749eec9de6c8874889e02d34d03dada (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-04-03 / Várias espécies de Senna são bastante conhecidas por suas propriedades terapêuticas, sendo utilizadas na medicina popular para o tratamento de inflamação na garganta e constipação. Neste estudo, foram avaliadas algumas propriedades biológicas e farmacológicas das folhas de Senna macranthera como as atividades anti-inflamatória, laxativa, sobre motilidade intestinal, antimicrobiana e antioxidante. A triagem fitoquímica do seu extrato metanólico e partições permitiu a identificação de compostos fenólicos como flavonoides, taninos e cumarinas na maioria das amostras, com exceção da partição em hexano, que apresentou antronas, triterpenos e esteroides em sua composição. O perfil cromatofráfico obtido por CLAE mostrou a presença da antraquinona emodina em todas as amostras. A partição em hexano reduziu significativamente o edema de pata induzido pela carragenina em ratos, de maneira similar ao diclofenaco de sódio. Atividade laxativa comparável ao padrão bisacodil foi observada para o extrato em metanol e partição em hexano, porém somente o último aumentou a motilidade intestinal. Além disso, o extrato metanólico e partições foram avaliados quanto a sua atividade antioxidante e a partição em acetato de etila apresentou pronunciada atividade, comparável ao padrão rutina. Significativa atividade antibacteriana sobre Pseudomonas aeruginosa também foi encontrada para o extrato em metanol e partição em hexano. Não foi observada citotoxidade para Artemia salina ou espécies de Leishmania para nenhuma amostra. / Several species of Senna are well known for their therapeutic properties, being used in the folk medicine to treat throat inflammation and constipation. In this study, an attempt was made to evaluate some biological and pharmacological properties of Senna macranthera leaves. In this regard, the anti-inflammatory, the laxative and the intestinal motility effects, and also the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of its methanolic extract and partitions were determined. The phytochemical screening allowed the identification of phenolic compounds like flavonoids, tannins and coumarins in the majority of the extracts except for the hexane one which presented anthrones, triterpenes and steroids in its composition. The HPLC profile showed the presence of the anthraquinone emodine in all samples. The hexane partition significantly reduced carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats in a manner similar to that of sodium diclofenac. Laxative effect was observed for the methanolic extract and hexane partition comparative to the standard drug bisacodyl, however only the later increased the intestinal motility. Moreover, the samples were evaluated for their antioxidant activity and ethyl acetate partition presented a pronounced activity comparable to the standard rutin. Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was also found for metanolic extratct and hexane partition. No cytotoxicity against Artemia salina and Leishmania species were detected for any extracts.

The genus Quercus L. is represented with more than 400 species in the world and 18 of these species are found naturally in Turkey. Although its taxonomical, phytogeographical and dendrological importance, the genus Quercus is still taxonomically one of the most problematical woody genus in Turkish flora. In this study, multivariate morphometric approach was used to analyze oak specimens collected from an isolated forest (Beynam Forest, Ankara) where Quercus pubescens Willd., Q. infectoria Olivier subsp. boissieri (Reuter) O. Schwarz and Q. macranthera Fisch. &amp / C. A. Mey. ex Hohen. subsp. syspirensis (C.Koch) Menitsky taxa are belonging to section Quercus sensu stricto (s.s.) are found. Additional oak specimens were included in the analysis for comparison. Morphometric study was based on 52 leaf characters such as, distance, angle, and area as well as counted, descriptive and calculated variables. Morphometric variables were calculated automatically by use of landmark and outline data. Random forest classification method was used to select discriminating variables and predict unidentified specimens by use of pre-identified training group. The results of the random forest variable selection procedure and the principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the morphometric variables could distinguish the specimens of Q. pubescens and Q. macranthera subsp. syspirensis mostly based on the overall leaf size and number of intercalary veins while the specimens of Q. infectoria subsp. boissieri were separated from others based on lobe and lamina base shape. Finally, micromorphological observations of abaxial lamina surface have been performed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) on selected specimens which were found useful to differentiate, particularly the specimens of Q. macranthera subsp. syspirensis and its putative hybrids from other taxa.