Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-01-18Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:48:23Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 castro_rm_me_botfca.pdf: 7107653 bytes, checksum: 61a50230ec66c506c741fa342395e15d (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo.

Resumo: Clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo. / Orientador: Edivaldo Domingues Velini / Coorientador: Fernando Tadeu de Carvalho / Banca: Luis Fernando Nicolosi Bravin / Banca: Robinson Antonio Pitelli / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:10:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RaniellyKO_DISSERT_capa_a_28.pdf: 9364092 bytes, checksum: 224a26edb4b0571ddf0953abe2de6877 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-06-26 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The Cruzeta impoundment, situated in the city of Cruzeta, hinterland of the state of the Rio Grande do Norte state has significant importance to the municipality as it represents the only source of supplying water to the region. It was hypothesized that the regional consequence of the global warming and the warming of surface water could substantially contribute the significant growth of the aquatic macrophytes in the years 2008-2009. The growth of these vegetation believed to be improved the degree of water transparency and as a consequence of the improved growth of phytoplankton species and chlorophyll biomass. At the same time the aquatic macrophyte could interact and compete potentially for the dissolved inorganic nutrients resources and the phytoplankton community. This study presents a comparison of years 2004-2005 when it did not have the expressive presence of the aquatic macrophyte community or restricted to the littoral region. In contrast, the years 2008-2009 showed a significant growth of the aquatic macrophyte in the Cruzeta/RN impoundments. The present study is an attempt to elucidate the significant presence of the aquatic macrophyte, Eichhornia crassipes, Ceratophyllum submersum, Nymphea sp and Pistia sp, and its interference on the ecology of phytoplankton. The samplings had been carried out from September of 2008 to April of 2009 and consistently between 10:00 h and 12:00 h with the aid of Van Dorn bottle and the plankton net of mesh size 20 Qm. The collections were made in three depths ie., surface, mid-column and bottom. The Physical-Chemical parameters such as pH, temperature, electrical conductivity and dissolved oxygen had been analyzed in situ. The samples for analysis of nutrients and chlorophyll were kept under refrigeration for posterior analysis in the laboratory. Phytoplankton samples were preserved in Lugol-iodine and kept for sedimentation for quali-quantitative analysis of phytoplankton. Enumeration of cells, colonies and filaments was done with the aid of Sedgwick-Rafter counting chamber and expressed as numbers/ml. Chlorophyll a was analyzed as a functional component of phytoplankton biomass and extracted with cold 90% acetone. The results indicate that the chlorophyll concentration varied between 5,65-8,08 Qg.L-1 for the dry period and 5,09-6,23 Qg.L-1 for the rainy period and showed considerable reduction when compared to the values to the 2004-2005 study period. The temperature was always presented higher in relation to the 2004-2005 study. Phytoplankton species showed a relative abundance of the Cyanophyceae for both the period of dry and rainy. The predominance species are filamentous Leptolymbya geophila Borzi (Planctolyngbya sp), Anabaena plankct?nica Brunnthaler, Oscillat?ria limosa Ag. and Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (Wolosz). The concentration of the nutrients such as nitrate and orto-phosfato had always presented higher values during the rainy period and the ammoniacal nitrogen retained moderate values in the dry period and a slight increase in rainy season. The main conclusions are the reduction of the concentration of chlorophyll, diversity of phytoplankton, and the increase in temperature and transparency of the water during the period of the study / O a?ude Cruzeta, situado no munic?pio de Cruzeta do estado do Rio Grande do Norte, tem import?ncia significativa, pois representa a ?nica fonte de abastecimento de ?gua para este munic?pio. Nos anos de 2008-2009 como consequ?ncia regional do aquecimento global houve crescimento significativo das macr?fitas aqu?ticas, estas por sua vez, importantes em ecossistemas aqu?ticos rasos por estabilizar o grau da transpar?ncia da ?gua, aumentando assim a penetra??o de luz e consequente crescimento fitoplanct?nico. Ao mesmo tempo as macr?fitas aqu?ticas tamb?m competem potencialmente com a comunidade fitoplanct?nica por recursos como os nutrientes inorg?nicos. Este estudo apresenta uma compara??o entre os anos de 2004-2005 durante qual n?o houve a presen?a da comunidade de macr?f?tas aqu?ticas ou foram apenas restringidas nas margens e nos anos 2008-2009 em que houve um crescimento significativo das macr?fitas aqu?ticas no a?ude de Cruzeta, RN. O trabalho elucida a presen?a significativa das macr?fitas aqu?ticas, Eichhornia crassipes, Cerathophyllum submersum, Nymphea sp e Pistia sp, e sua interfer?ncia na estrutura do fitopl?ncton. As coletas foram realizadas entre agosto de 2008 at? o julho de 2009 entre as 10:00 e 12:00 h da manh? com o auxilio de garrafa de Van Dorn e rede de pl?ncton de malha de 20 Qm, em tr?s profundidades, superf?cie, meio e fundo. Os par?metros f?sico-qu?micos foram analisados in situ. As amostras para an?lise de nutrientes e clorofila a foram mantidas sob refrigera??o para an?lise. Para an?lise quali-quntitativa do fitoplancton foi ultilizada a c?mara de Sedgwick-Rafter. Os resultados indicam que houve redu??o nos valores da clorofila a em rela??o ao per?odo de 2004-2005, no qual as m?dias variaram entre 5,65-8,08 QgL-1 para o per?odo de estiagem e 5,09-6,23 para o per?odo chuvoso. Enquanto que no per?odo de 2008-2009 foi verificado 3,98-5,65 QgL-1 da clorofila a para o per?odo de estiagem e 3,56-4,36 QgL-1 para o per?odo chuvoso. A temperatura apresentou-se sempre mais elevada em rela??o ao estudo de 2004-2005. No presente trabalho, a classe que apresentou maior abund?ncia relativa para ambos os per?odos foi a Cyanophyceae, representadas com destaque as esp?cies Leptolymbya geophila Borzy (= Planctonelymbia sp), Anabaena plankct?nica Brunnthaler e Oscillat?ria limosa Ag. e Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (Wolosz). Ocorreu redu??o na concentra??o de clorofila a e diversidade do fitopl?ncton, aumento da transpar?ncia e aumento da temperatura da ?gua, durante o per?odo em estudo, estes fatores podem ter sido ocasionados pela elevada biomassa de macr?fitas aqu?ticas quando comparada ao per?odo de 2004-2005 em que houve uma baixa biomassa de macr?fitas, neste ecossistema

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:13:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 NednaldoDS_TESE.pdf: 2321205 bytes, checksum: c08caa8155a3fd7b840048363939c371 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-19 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / Sulfated polysaccharides (SP) are widely distributed in animals and seaweeds tissues. These polymers have been studied in light of their important pharmacological activities, such as anticoagulant, antioxidant, antitumoral, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral properties. On other hand, SP potential to synthesize biomaterials like as nanoparticules has not yet been explored. In addition, to date, SP have only been found in six plants and all inhabit saline environments. However, the SP pharmacological plant activities have not been carrying out. Furthermore, there are no reports of SP in freshwater plants. Thus, do SP from marine plants show pharmacological activity? Do freshwater plants actually synthesize SP? Is it possible to synthesize nanoparticles using SP from seaweed? In order to understand this question, this Thesis was divided into tree chapters. In the first chapter a sulfated polysaccharide (SPSG) was successfully isolated from marine plant Halodule wrightii. The data presented here showed that the SPSG is a 11 kDa sulfated heterogalactan contains glucose and xylose. Several assays suggested that the SPSG possessed remarkable antioxidant properties in different in vitro assays and an outstanding anticoagulant activity 2.5-fold higher than that of heparin Clexane? in the aPTT test; in the next chapter using different tools such as chemical and histological analyses, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA), gel electrophoresis and infra-red spectroscopy we confirm the presence of sulfated polysaccharides in freshwater plants for the first time. Moreover, we also demonstrate that SP extracted from E. crassipes root has potential as an anticoagulant compound; and in last chapter a fucan, a sulfated polysaccharide, extracted from the brown seaweed was chemically modified by grafting hexadecylamine to the polymer hydrophilic backbone. The resulting modified material (SNFuc) formed nanosized particles. The degree of substitution for hydrophobic chains of 1H NMR was approximately 93%. SNFfuc-TBa125 in aqueous media had a mean diameter of 123 nm and zeta potential of -38.3 ? 0.74 mV, measured bydynamic light scattering. Tumor-cell (HepG2, 786, H-S5) proliferation was inhibited by 2.0 43.7% at SNFuc concentrations of 0.05 0.5 mg/ mL and RAEC non-tumor cell line proliferation displayed inhibition of 8.0 22.0%. On the other hand, nanogel improved CHO and RAW non-tumor cell line proliferation in the same concentration range. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that this fucan nanogel inhibited 786 cell proliferation through caspase and caspaseindependent mechanisms. In addition, SNFuc blocks 786 cell passages in the S and G2-M phases of the cell cycle / Os polissacar?deos sulfatados (PS) s?o amplamente distribu?dos em animais e tecidos de algas. Estes pol?meros t?m sido estudados em fun??o da import?ncia de suas atividades farmacol?gicas, tais como: anticoagulante, antioxidante, antitumoral, anti-inflamat?ria e as propriedades antivirais. Contudo, o potencial dos PS para sintetizar biomateriais, tais como nanopart?culas, ainda ? pouco explorado. At? ent?o, os PS s? foram encontrados em seis plantas e todas habitam ambientes salino. N?o havendo relatos de PS em plantas de ?gua doce. O que nos levou aos seguintes questionamentos: Os PS extraidos de vegetais marinhos n?o apresentam atividades farmacol?gicas? Os vegetais de ?gua doce realmente sintetizam PS? ? poss?vel sintetizar nanopart?culas utilizando PS a partir de algas marinhas? Para melhor entender as quest?es, esta tese foi dividida em tr?s cap?tulos. No primeiro cap?tulo, um polissacar?deo sulfatado (SPSG) foi isolado a partir de um vegetal marinho Halodule wrightii. Os dados aqui apresentados mostram que o SPSG ? uma heterogalactana sulfatada de 11 kDa constituida de glucose e xilose. Os ensaios realizados sugerem que o SPSG possue propriedades antioxidantes not?veis em diferentes ensaios in vitro e uma excelente actividade anticoagulante de 2,5 vezes mais elevadas do que a de heparina Clexane ? no teste APTT. No cap?tulo seguinte, utilizando ferramentas diferentes, tais como an?lises qu?micas e histol?gicas, an?lise de dispers?o de raios-X (EDXA), eletroforese em gel e espectroscopia de infra-vermelho,confirmamos, em primeira m?o, a presen?a de polissacar?deos sulfatados em vegetais de ?gua doce. Al?m de demonstrarmos que o PS extra?do a partir da raiz de E. crassipes tem potencial como um composto anticoagulante.No ?ltimo cap?tulo uma fucana, um polissac?rido sulfatado, extra?do a partir de uma alga marrom, foi quimicamente modificada por adi??o de hexadecilamina ? cadeia principal do pol?mero hidrof?lico. O material resultante (SNFuc) forneceu part?culas nanom?tricas. O grau de substitui??o para as cadeias hidrof?bicas de 1H RMN foi de aproximadamente 93%. SNFuc em meios aquosos tinha um di?metro m?dio de 123 nm e potencial zeta de -38,3 ? 0,74 mV. Os ensaios com c?lulas tumorais (HepG2, 786, H-S5) demonstrou a ocorr?ncia de uma inibi??o que variou de 2,0-43,7% em concentra??es diferentes de SNFuc (0,05-0,5 mg / mL) resultado semelhante foi obtido com a RAEC monstrando uma inibi??o entre 8,0-22,0%. Por outro lado, o nanogel estimulou a prolifera??o de linhagens celulares n?o tumorais como CHO e RAW nas mesmas concentra??es. An?lise por citometria de fluxo revelou que este nanogel de fucana inibiu a prolifera??o celular de 786 por mecanismos dependentes e independentes de caspases. Al?m disso, bloqueou a passagens da c?lula 786 na fase S e G2-M do ciclo celular / 2020-01-01