Thesis - University of Pennsylvania. / Error in pagination: p. 16 is misnumbered 15. Film 633 reel 76 is part of Research Publications Early American Medical Imprints collection (RP reel 76, no. 1564). DNLM Includes bibliographical references.

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O uso de dietas com elevado teor de concentrado para intensificar a produção de carne de ovinos pode influenciar a homeostase oxidativa do animal, com efeito no seu desempenho e na qualidade da carne. Para buscar meios alternativos, foram testados antioxidantes convencionais em comparação com extratos de plantas no controle do estresse oxidativo em cordeiros alimentados com dieta exclusiva de concentrado. Foram utilizados 48 cordeiros machos Dorper x Santa Inês com peso inicial de 20 ± 1,49 kg desmamados aos 60 dias e alojados em baias individuais e alimentados durante 60 dias com dieta exclusiva de concentrado, composta por 80% milho grão inteiro e 20% pelete proteico, com os tratamentos diferindo apenas na adição dos antioxidantes. Os tratamentos foram controle, sem adição de antioxidante, extrato de plantas com adição de 4 mg/kg de Macleya cordata e Magnolia oficcinalis, tratamento vitamina E e selênio nas quantidades 100UI/kg e 0,1 mg/kg, respectivamente e tratamento extrato de plantas + vitamina E e selênio, nas mesmas quantidades anteriores. A alimentação e a sobra foram pesadas diariamente para determinação de matéria seca e eficiência alimentar. Os animais foram pesados no início do experimento e a cada 14 dias para acompanhamento do desempenho. Foram perdidas duas parcelas experimentais. Durante o período experimental foram realizadas três colheitas de sangue para avaliação de parâmetros oxidativos e proteicos. Após o abate, foram retiradas amostras para análise em painel expositor refrigerado do Longissimus dorsi durante oito dias para influência da estabilidade oxidativa na cor. Houve influência no peso final, ganho diário, peso de carcaça e teor de Se no músculo L.dorsi para tratamentos com adição de vitamina E e Se. Não houve efeito de tratamento para proteínas sanguíneas, indicando que os animais estavam saudáveis durante o experimento. O uso de extrato de plantas teve efeito similar ao dos antioxidantes convencionais e pode ser usada no controle do estresse oxidativo. / The use of high concentrate diets to intensify sheep meat production can influence the oxidative homeostasis of the animal, influencing performance and meat quality. In order to find alternative antioxidants this experiment was carried out to test conventional antioxidants in comparison with plant extracts in the control of oxidative stress in lambs fed exclusively a concentrate diet. Forty-eight male lambs Dorper x Santa Inês with initial weight of 20 ± 1.49 kg weaned at 60 days and housed in individual pens were used. The animals were fed a concentrate diet consisting of 80% whole corn grain and 20% protein pellet, and the treatments differed only in the addition of the antioxidants during 60 days. The treatments were control, no added antioxidant, treatment with plant extract with inclusion of 4 mg / kg plant extract of Macleya cordata and Magnolia oficcinalis, treatment with vitamin E and selenium in amounts of 100 IU / kg and 0.1 mg / kg, respectively, and treatment plant extract + vitamin E and selenium, in the same previous amounts cited. The feed and orts were weighed daily to determine the dry matter intake and feed efficiency. The animals were weighed at the beginning of the experiment and every 14 days to and two experimental units were lost. During the trial three blood samples were taken for evaluation of oxidative and protein parameters. After slaughter, test samples were taken in refrigerated display panel Longissimus dorsi for eight days to study the influence of the oxidative stability in color. There was influence in the final weight, daily gain, carcass weight and Se in the L.dorsi muscle of the treatment with the addition of vitamin E and Se. There was no effect of the plants extract treatment in the blood proteins, indicating healthy animals. The use of plant extracts have antioxidant had effect similar to conventional antioxidants and can be used in the control of oxidative stress.

O uso de dietas com elevado teor de concentrado para intensificar a produção de carne de ovinos pode influenciar a homeostase oxidativa do animal, com efeito no seu desempenho e na qualidade da carne. Para buscar meios alternativos, foram testados antioxidantes convencionais em comparação com extratos de plantas no controle do estresse oxidativo em cordeiros alimentados com dieta exclusiva de concentrado. Foram utilizados 48 cordeiros machos Dorper x Santa Inês com peso inicial de 20 ± 1,49 kg desmamados aos 60 dias e alojados em baias individuais e alimentados durante 60 dias com dieta exclusiva de concentrado, composta por 80% milho grão inteiro e 20% pelete proteico, com os tratamentos diferindo apenas na adição dos antioxidantes. Os tratamentos foram controle, sem adição de antioxidante, extrato de plantas com adição de 4 mg/kg de Macleya cordata e Magnolia oficcinalis, tratamento vitamina E e selênio nas quantidades 100UI/kg e 0,1 mg/kg, respectivamente e tratamento extrato de plantas + vitamina E e selênio, nas mesmas quantidades anteriores. A alimentação e a sobra foram pesadas diariamente para determinação de matéria seca e eficiência alimentar. Os animais foram pesados no início do experimento e a cada 14 dias para acompanhamento do desempenho. Foram perdidas duas parcelas experimentais. Durante o período experimental foram realizadas três colheitas de sangue para avaliação de parâmetros oxidativos e proteicos. Após o abate, foram retiradas amostras para análise em painel expositor refrigerado do Longissimus dorsi durante oito dias para influência da estabilidade oxidativa na cor. Houve influência no peso final, ganho diário, peso de carcaça e teor de Se no músculo L.dorsi para tratamentos com adição de vitamina E e Se. Não houve efeito de tratamento para proteínas sanguíneas, indicando que os animais estavam saudáveis durante o experimento. O uso de extrato de plantas teve efeito similar ao dos antioxidantes convencionais e pode ser usada no controle do estresse oxidativo. / The use of high concentrate diets to intensify sheep meat production can influence the oxidative homeostasis of the animal, influencing performance and meat quality. In order to find alternative antioxidants this experiment was carried out to test conventional antioxidants in comparison with plant extracts in the control of oxidative stress in lambs fed exclusively a concentrate diet. Forty-eight male lambs Dorper x Santa Inês with initial weight of 20 ± 1.49 kg weaned at 60 days and housed in individual pens were used. The animals were fed a concentrate diet consisting of 80% whole corn grain and 20% protein pellet, and the treatments differed only in the addition of the antioxidants during 60 days. The treatments were control, no added antioxidant, treatment with plant extract with inclusion of 4 mg / kg plant extract of Macleya cordata and Magnolia oficcinalis, treatment with vitamin E and selenium in amounts of 100 IU / kg and 0.1 mg / kg, respectively, and treatment plant extract + vitamin E and selenium, in the same previous amounts cited. The feed and orts were weighed daily to determine the dry matter intake and feed efficiency. The animals were weighed at the beginning of the experiment and every 14 days to and two experimental units were lost. During the trial three blood samples were taken for evaluation of oxidative and protein parameters. After slaughter, test samples were taken in refrigerated display panel Longissimus dorsi for eight days to study the influence of the oxidative stability in color. There was influence in the final weight, daily gain, carcass weight and Se in the L.dorsi muscle of the treatment with the addition of vitamin E and Se. There was no effect of the plants extract treatment in the blood proteins, indicating healthy animals. The use of plant extracts have antioxidant had effect similar to conventional antioxidants and can be used in the control of oxidative stress.

Baková I.: Isolation of alkaloids of the species Magnolia soulangeana Soul.-Bod. and study of their biological activity. Diploma thesis, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Hradec Králové, 2017. Key words: Magnolia solulangeana, secondary metabolites, alkaloids, biological activity. Secondary metabolites of plants are responsible for various biological activities. Alkaloids were described as a potentially suitable for Alzheimer's disease therapy (AD) through their inhibition activities against cholinesterases. Nowadays, these substances are important medicine for AD, therefore a screening of herbal drugs is still a current topic. An alkaloid extract of Magnolia × soulangeana flowers was tested in a preliminary testing on anticholinesterase activity. Because of the promising results, it was chosen for an isolation and identification possible effective alkaloids. The extract was separated by a column chromatography using aluminium oxide and a step gradient elution. Alkaloids were isolated by a repeated preparative thin-layer chromatography. Individual alkaloids were identified by a structural analysis (NMR, MS) and then their optical activity was measured. Substances were tested for an inhibition activity against human...

The chief purpose of this study is to provide information on the habitat and breeding information of Magnolia Warblers on Unaka Mountain. Magnolia Warblers breed in Canada and the Northeastern United States. There are no current breeding records for this species in Tennessee. For the habitat analysis, trees were identified on individual subplots. Shrubs were analyzed using the point-intercept method. Most of the major tree and shrub species were different than those found in Maine, which is a major breeding region for this species. Therefore, it's the structure of the habitat that is important for nesting. Fledglings were seen, giving solid proof of breeding. This study is important because it provides proof of a new breeding bird in Tennessee, and establishes habitat information necessary for its conservation.

For individuals and organizations, the events of the past shape and affect the decisions made in the present, to the benefit or detriment of the person or group. Historical research can make available information about the past that aids understanding of the future. This qualitative explanatory historical study of the schools of Magnolia, Texas creates a record of the Magnolia Independent School District by focusing on the political climate, growth patterns, and ethnic influences from 1900 to 2009. The methods of data collection consist of personal interviews, oral histories, school district documents, school board minutes, and newspaper articles. The research questions that guide the study are: (1) What is the history of Magnolia Public Schools and what influential people and events have shaped the district? (2) What were the causes of growth periods in the Magnolia Independent School District, and what were the effects of such growth? and, (3) How did the district’s ethnic and socioeconomic groups affect its growth and instruction? This explanatory historical study identifies the connection between the development of the schools in Magnolia, Texas and the surrounding community that has grown due to urban expansion. By recording the perceptions of the key people who have witnessed the district’s history, noting the influential events that have occurred, and documenting the district’s periods of growth, this study will help preserve the history of the schools in Magnolia for current and future leaders and researchers. By assisting with an understanding of the causes of decisions and actions taken in the past, this study has the potential to become an important resource for school administration and staff, community members, and other stakeholders as they seek to positively impact the present and the future.

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Southern Magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora) is a primitive tree species that has attracted attention because of its horticultural distinctiveness, the wealth of natural products associated with it, and its evolutionary position as a basal angiosperm. Terpenoid constituents were determined from Magnolia leaves and flowers. Magnolia leaves constitutively produced two major terpenoids, andamp;acirc;-cubebene and germacrene A. However, upon wounding Magnolia leaves biosynthesized a significant array of monoand sesquiterpenoids, including andamp;acirc;-pinene, trans-andamp;acirc;-ocimene, andamp;aacute;-gurjunene, andamp;acirc;-caryophyllene and andamp;acirc;-cubebene, along with fatty acid derivatives such as cis-jasmone, for up to 19 hours after treatment. Flowers were also examined for their emission of terpene volatiles prior to and after opening, and also in response to challenge by Japanese beetles. Opened and un-opened flowers constitutively emitted a blend of monoterpenes dominated by andamp;acirc;-pinene and cis-andamp;acirc;-ocimene. However, the emission levels of monoterpenes such as verbenone, geraniol, and citral, and sesquiterpenes such as andamp;acirc;-cubebene, andamp;aacute;-farnesene, and andamp;acirc;-caryophyllene were significantly elevated in the emissions of the beetle-challenged flowers. Three cDNAs corresponding to terpene synthase (TPS) genes expressed in young Magnolia leaves were isolated and the corresponding enzymes were functionally characterized in vitro. Recombinant Mg25 converted FPP (C15) predominantly to andamp;acirc;-cubebene, while Mg17 converted GPP (C5) to andamp;aacute;-terpineol. Efforts to functionally characterize Mg11 were unsuccessful. Transcript levels for all 3 genes were prominent in young leaf tissue and significantly elevated for Mg25 and Mg11 mRNAs in stamens. A putative N-terminal signal peptide of Mg17 targeted the reporter GFP protein to both chloroplasts and mitochondria when transiently expressed in epidermal cells of Nicotiana tabacum leaves. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that Mg25 and Mg11 belonged to the angiosperm sesquiterpene synthase subclass TPS-a, while Mg17 aligned more closely to the angiosperm monoterpene synthase subclass TPS-b. Unexpectedly, intron/exon organizations for the three Magnolia TPS genes were different from one another and from other well characterized terpene synthase gene sets. The Mg17 gene consists of 6 introns arranged in a manner similar to many other angiosperm sesquiterpene synthases, but Mg11 contains only 4 introns, and Mg25 has only a single intron near the 5 terminus of the gene. Our results suggest that much of the structural diversity observed in the Magnolia TPS genes may have occurred by means other than intron-loss from a common ancestor TPS gene. Costunolide is a sesquiterpene lactone widely recognized for its diverse biological activities, including its bitter taste in lettuces, and as a precursor to the more potent pharmacological agent parthenolide. A lettuce EST database was screened for cytochrome P450 genes that might be associated with sesquiterpene hydroxylation. Five ESTs were selected based on sequence similarity to known sesquiterpene hydroxylases and three of them (Ls7108, Ls3597 and Ls2101) were successfully amplified as fulllength cDNAs. To functionally characterize these cDNAs, they were co-expressed along with a germacrene A synthase and a cytochrome P450 reductase in yeast. Based on product profile comparisons between the three different lines to the control line, only the Ls7108-harboring line produced unique compounds. Neither of the other lines showed a new product peak. The more abundant, polar product generated by the Ls7108-containing line was purified and identified as a 12-acetoxy-germacrene by NMR analysis. In vitro studies using Ls7108 microsomal proteins did not yield the 12-acetoxy-germacrene A, but the putative germacra-1(10),4,11(13)-trien-12-ol intermediate. Catalytic activity of the Ls7108 microsomal enzyme was NADPH, pH and time dependent. Our results demonstrate that Ls7108 is a lettuce cytochrome P450 which catalyzes the hydroxylation of a methyl group of the isopropenyl substituent of germacrene A, generating germacra-1(10),4,11(13)-trien-12-ol, and that when this mono-hydroxylated sesquiterpene is synthesized in yeast, an endogenous yeast enzyme further modifies the germacrenol compound by acetylation of the alcohol group at the C-12 position.