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This masters thesis titled "Hollywood mainstream marketing tools analysis: Has Hollywood marketing outrun the production itself?" aims to describe the state and issues of contemporary film marketing. It poses the question of whether the marketing behind the films is so sophisticated that it gets ahead of the movies. Furthermore, the thesis deals with the fact that this excessive attention to endless refinement of promotional materials for the film - together with the individual marketing tools - ultimately harms the impression from the movie in the eyes of its viewers. They can often feel dissatisfied or even defrauded. This hypothesis is demonstrated and disproved on the basis of specific examples and partial analysis.

Ten years ago, the only contenders for the role of setting the fashion media agenda were mainstream fashion media magazines such as Vogue. With the evolution of blogging and the popularity of blog sites associated with magazine websites, a new contender was born: the fashion-themed blog. Now mainstream fashion media outlets and fashion bloggers sit side-by-side in the front row at designer fashion shows covering fashion news and trends. This study focused on ten elite fashion-themed blogs (fashion blogs) reporting on women’s fashion and ten mainstream fashion media websites during the summer 2016 fashion season looking retrospectively at the fashion forecast from October 2015 New York Fashion Week. The study examined how media outlets respond to fashion blogs and whether the blogs were used as sources by mainstream fashion media or vice a versa. This study has filled a research gap by conducting the first analysis examining fashion blogs through the lens of agenda setting. This research uncovered a media landscape in transition with fashion bloggers and mainstream fashion media communicating in a new and different way. Communicating fashion news is no longer a one-way street controlled by mainstream fashion media magazines. Instead it is a two-way street where each outlet uses the other and neither plays the role of lead agenda setter. This new synergy suggests the acceptance of fashion blogs as credible sources for fashion news and potential agenda setters for the fashion community. The relationship between bloggers and mainstream fashion media also creates excitement regarding trends because fashion bloggers have the ability to instantly comment and generate buzz on a trend when the mainstream fashion media are reporting on other issues or waiting for their magazines to be published. Out of the five trends studied, denim was the leading trend with 44 percent of the posts or articles discussing denim. With every trend, bloggers were present in the five earliest published posts or articles and continued to post on the trends throughout the study period. Style.com dominated the mainstream fashion media landscape, with 25 published articles. For fashion bloggers, Gal Meets Glam and Atlantic Pacific tied with 19 blog posts each. Over 57.6 percent of the total blog posts and blog articles linked to fashion designer websites where readers could purchase the trend being discussed. Fashion bloggers did not quote sources in their posts; 74 blog posts and articles recognized no sources at all. Understanding the new relationship between fashion bloggers and fashion magazine websites will help guide future reporters of fashion and fashion trends.

The final months of 2017 have witnessed the birth of a movement, the #Metoo movement, which started after several Hollywood actresses have accused famed producer Harvey Weinstein of sexual harassment. The movement is an ongoing prevalent phenomenon on social media where its aim is to demonstrate the frequency and widespread of sexual harassment in all sectors of work, whereas the movement Media has been widely reporting on the movement and has given a platform to several women to speak their truths. In my research, I aim to conduct a comparative study of how three mainstream media outlets have covered the moment on their websites. The media outlets chosen are Aljazeera, BBC and CNN. The theoretical framework for the study will revolve around theories of representation, power, and to help in understanding how mainstream media represents the #Metoo movement on their news websites A total of 15 articles will be analyzed through a Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis. The study concluded that the #Metoo movement is represented through a constructionist approach, and there are minor differences between the three distinctive international mainstream media news websites.

BACKGROUND Good mental health makes integration and participation easier. Many refugees have a great deal of resilience and it is important to maintain it and where possible to strengthen it. How much psychological complaints and disorders occur is partly dependent on having (prospect of) work, education or other forms of participation in society, experiencing social support, and having a social network (with family and /or close friends). AIM The aim of this literature review is to explore evidence-based intervention methods that can support refugee children to integrate into the school environment of the resettlement country.  METHOD In this systematic literature review, information was collected on a database for empirical studies and analyzed so as to discover efficient interventions for refugee children who just arrived in a Nordic country to help them integrate in mainstream schools. RESULTS For children, cohesion and support within the family are of great concern. In addition, prevention, recognition and receiving good care are crucial. The review discusses educational progress and social inclusion and how these can be improved for refugee children at a mainstream school. CONCLUSION The school takes on a very important role in the life of the refugee child. It is a strong protective factor and therefore life changing for the child and his/her family. This systematic literature review shows what kind of information is already produced and collected by researchers around the world. It can give an insight into the life of a refugee child and how they experience inclusion.

Magister Scientiae (Occupational Therapy) - MSc(OT) / The collaboration between occupational therapists and teachers within the classroom is a relatively new practice in South Africa and few literature sources can be found reporting on studies in this regard specifically on descriptions of relevant models for such collaboration. There is a need for a better understanding of how occupational therapists and teachers can work collaboratively within a classroom approach, together address learners’ needs and so make the curriculum accessible to all learners. According to South Africa’s key education policies, all children can learn and need support. Inclusive education acknowledges the diversity of learners and that each learner learns differently.

Magister Scientiae (Occupational Therapy) - MSc(OT) / The collaboration between occupational therapists and teachers within the classroom is a relatively new practice in South Africa and few literature sources can be found reporting on studies in this regard specifically on descriptions of relevant models for such collaboration. There is a need for a better understanding of how occupational therapists and teachers can work collaboratively within a classroom approach, together address learners’ needs and so make the curriculum accessible to all learners. According to South Africa’s key education policies, all children can learn and need support. Inclusive education acknowledges the diversity of learners and that each learner learns differently. The aim of this study was to explore and describe teacher- occupational therapist collaboration in the implementation of a classroom approach to address learning support strategies in order to enhance inclusive education in three primary mainstream schools in the Metro North education district of the Western Cape. More specifically, the study explored teachers and occupational therapists’ perspectives and experiences regarding inclusive education and factors that influence teacher-occupational therapist collaboration while adopting a classroom approach to learning barriers. A qualitative research approach and single, exploratory descriptive case study design was utilised. Data collection included document review, focus groups and semi- structured interviews that was analysed through thematic data analysis. The strategies of member checking, reflexivity and peer debriefing were utilised to ensure trustworthiness of the study. Ethics clearance was obtained from the UWC Humanities and Social Sciences Research Ethics Committee as well as the Western Cape Department of Education. Four themes emerged from data analysis: Theme 1 explores education for all that illustrates the participant’s understanding of inclusion; Theme 2 highlights working together in the classroom and the meaning and value of collaborative teaching for the learner; Theme 3 explains the factors that facilitate the implementation of a Curriculum of Support and Theme 4 concludes with factors that inhibit the classroom approach for inclusion. The significance of this study lies in its ability to offer a conceptual understanding of the effective implementation of learning support strategies through teacher-occupational therapist collaboration and the experiences of those involved in enhancing inclusive education in mainstream schools. The findings of this study are helpful for the development of teacher support and inclusive learning strategies using the whole classroom approach.

Sammanfattning Biflödesområden och sammanflödeszoner spelar en viktig roll, inte minst genom deras förmåga att förändra miljöförhållandena och framkalla ett biologiskt svar i huvudfåran de rinner ut i. Biflödesområden utgör även platser med högt inneboende ekologiskt värde, där särskilda biofysiska processer och ekologiska tjänster ofta är koncentrerade. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka huruvida biflödesmynningsområden inom Klarälvens avrinningsområde utgjorde hotspots för fisk samt kartlägga eventuella fluviala påverkansfaktorer. Parametrar som studerades var artförekomst och medeltäthet samt omvärldsfaktorerna medeldjup, lokalbredd, bottensubstrat, vattennivå, vattenhastighet och förekomsten av vandringshinder i vattendraget. Flest arter återfanns i Klarälvens huvudfåra, varpå biflödesmynningarna hade näst flest arter och uppströms biflödena lägst antal arter. Medeltäthet av arterna bergsimpa (Cottus poecilopus), elritsa (Phoxinus phoxinus) och lake (Lota lota) var störst i biflödesmynningarna, medan medeltätheten av lax (Salmo salar) och öring (Salmo trutta) var som störst uppströms biflödena. Resultatet visade också att öring, i större utsträckning än lax, förekom högre uppströms i biflödena, ett förhållande som även stödjs av tidigare studier. Gällande omvärldsfaktorerna var vattenhastigheten signifikant högre i biflödemynningarna och uppströms biflödena jämfört med i huvudfåran, samtidigt som det högsta diversitetsvärdet för bottensubstratkompositionen återfanns i huvudfåran. Utifrån dessa resultat var det svårt att dra en slutsats kring om biflödesmynningarna faktiskt utgjorde hotspots för fisk eller inte, då det skiftade beroende på vilka parametrar som studerades. En bedömning gjordes att biflödesmynningsområden inom Klarälvens avrinningsområde inte utgjorde hotspots för fisk. Nyckelord: Biflödesmynning, biflöde, huvudfåra, Klarälven, flottning, vattenkraft / Abstract Tributary areas and confluence zones play an important role, not least through their ability to change environmental conditions and elicit a biological response in the main stream they flow into. Tributary areas also provide sites of high inherent ecological value, where specific biophysical processes and ecological services are often concentrated. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether tributary mouths within the catchment area of Klarälven constituted hotspots for fish and to identify possible environmental factors associated with hotspots. Parameters studied were species composition and mean density, as well as the physical factors such as average depth, local width, bottom substrate, water level, water velocity and the occurrence of migratory obstacles in the watercourse. Most species were found in the mainstream, whereas tributary mouths had the second highest species richness and upstream tributaries had the lowest number of species. The mean density of the alpine bullhead (Cottus poecilopus), eurasian minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus) and burbot (Lota lota) was greatest in the tributary mouths, while the mean density of salmon (Salmo salar) and trout (Salmo trutta) was greatest upstream of the tributaries. The results also showed that trout, to a greater extent than salmon, occurred higher upstream in the tributaries, a relationship that is also supported by previous studies. Regarding the physical factors, water velocity was significantly higher in the tributary mouths and upstream tributaries than in the mainstream, while the highest diversity for bottom substrate composition was found in the mainstream. Based on these results, it was difficult to conclude whether tributary mouths actually constituted hotspots for fish or not, as it varied depending on the parameters studied. Overall tributary mouths within the catchment area of Klarälven did not constitute hotspots for fish. Keywords: Estuary, tributary, mainstream, river, rafting, hydropower

In South Africa the inclusive trend grew stronger since the White paper 6’s release. The need for a more integrated school was called upon by the Department of Education. The Department of Education selected 30 schools which represents a district to start the transformation process. Through guidelines written by the Department of Education it seemed that when mainstream schools are transformed to the phenomena of Full-service schools by the Department of Education or through themselves, many changes take place. However, there seemed to be a gap in literature regarding the changes taking place, this gap guided this research dissertation. This retrospective study was undertaken to gain insight into the transformation process and thereby into the change towards inclusive education. As a descriptive study on the transformation of one particular school it could also assist other schools that are on their way to such a transformation. The research approach adopted was qualitative process to gain insight and understanding of the changes made, but especially the role players’ attitude and feelings towards this change into a full-service school. Insight into this transformation process could provide insight to inclusive education, with an interpretivist paradigm, and applied to a single-case study (Stake 1995). Data collection consisted of open-ended interviews, visual diary and field notes. Additional documents were received from the school and the Department of Education and were included in this study.Codes for classifying the interview responses were predetermined (a priori coding) and designated as Microsystem, Macrosystem, Leadership and Management, Culture, Identity, Strategy, Structures/Procedures, Physical changes, Technical support and Human resources, as set out by the framework of Lazarus and Davidoff (1997:17). The interviews were open-ended. Visual data were collected to illustrate contrasts and similarities between conditions before and after the transition. The data obtained about the transition process were discussed using the a priori coding categories and drawing parallels to the existing literature. This research recommends and highlights significant aspects of the transition process leading to a full-service school. AFRIKAANS : In Suid-Afrika het die tendens van inklusiwiteit sterker geword sedert die vrystelling van Witskrif 6. Die Departement van Onderwys het ’n beroep gedoen dat daar voldoen moet word aan die behoefte aan skole met groter integrasie. Die Departement van Onderwys het 30 skole, wat ’n distrik verteenwoordig, gekies om met die transformasieproses te begin. Riglyne opgestel deur die Departement van Onderwys het getoon dat wanneer hoofstroomskole getransformeer word na voldiensskole, hetsy deur die Departement van Onderwys of deur hulself, daar baie veranderinge plaasvind. Daar is egter ’n gaping in die literatuur met betrekking tot die veranderinge wat plaasvind, en hierdie gaping het gelei tot die navorsingsverhandeling. Hierdie studie het slegs op die kwalitatiewe navorsingsproses staatgemaak om insig en begrip te verkry oor die veranderinge wat gemaak is, maar veral ook oor die rolspelers se houding en gevoelens teenoor hierdie verandering in ’n voldiensskool. Insig in hierdie transformasieproses kan insig gee in inklusiewe onderwys. Deur die transformasieproses te verstaan, kan skole gehelp word met hul eie transformasie na voldiensskole. Die doel van hierdie studie was om die oorgangsproses van ’n voldiensskool te verstaan en te interpreteer. Vir hierdie doel is ’n kwalitatiewe navorsingsbenadering saam met ’n interpretivistiese paradigma gebruik. Daarvoor het ek ’n enkele gevallestudie gebruik (Stake, 1995). Data-insameling het bestaan uit oop onderhoude, ’n visuele dagboek en veldnotas. Addisionele dokumente is van die skool en die Departement van Onderwys ontvang en is in hierdie studie ingesluit. Kodes is vooraf bepaal, naamlik mikro- en makrostelsels, leierskap en bestuur, kultuur, identiteit, strategie, strukture/prosedures, fisiese veranderinge, tegniese ondersteuning en menslike hulpbronne, soos uiteengesit in die raamwerk van Lasarus en Davidoff (1997:17). Hierdie proses van kodering word ook priori-kodering genoem, aangesien die onderhoude vooraf bepaal is. Die visuele data is voor en na die oorgang geneem om die kontraste en ooreenkomste duidelik te toon. Nadat parallelle tussen die relevante literatuur en priori-data geïdentifiseer is, is die data van die oorgangsproses bespreek. Hierdie navorsing beklemtoon belangrike faktore wat in gedagte gehou moet word tydens ’n oorgangsproses na ’n voldiensskool, en maak ook aanbevelings. / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Educational Psychology / unrestricted

The phenomenon of media trust has been on the agenda of researchers for a long time. Today, with the growing amount of information and sources of information in the era of post-truth, the issue of trust in the media is becoming even more relevant. The previous research in this regard was presented by case studies and comparative studies of democratic, most often European states and the USA. The goal of this study is to look at the phenomenon of trust in the media through the prism of political regimes, democratic and undemocratic. The study aims to answer two research questions: What is the relationship between trust in media and trust in social institutions in different regimes? What affects media trust in different regimes? The theoretical framework is built, first, on the individual-level characteristics of people and how they affect media trust. And second, on the institutional theories that claim that the system in which individuals live also affects their level of trust. The World Value Survey data is used in the analysis. There are several important findings that the research makes. There are no clear patterns regarding the variation of media trust depending on a political regime. Trust in media and trust in social institutions correlate in both regimes, but more strongly in non-democracies. The same individual-level characteristics affect trust differently depending on the regime. Out of all the macro-level variables only perception of corruption seems to influence media trust.