No description available.

No description available.

While researchers have documented elite Indigenous hockey players' experiences when they leave home to play sports in the mainstream context, to date they have not examined how these experiences may vary based on sex and gender. By using Tribal Critical Race Theory, Indigenous feminisms, and reflexive thematic analysis, in this thesis, I examined the challenges and benefits that First Nations elite hockey players experienced when they left home to play in the mainstream context and how these challenges varied based on sex and gender. The 20 participants (10 female, 10 male) all had challenges with language and their new environments. Interestingly, while all the male participants reported experiencing racism, only two of the female participants reported such experiences, and they were of a less overt nature. The benefits that were experienced by both male and female athletes included athletic and personal growth, new experiences, and support from home. While both male and female athletes reported accruing benefits from leaving home, I found that the female athletes had to leave home to pursue hockey due to a lack of opportunities available to them, opportunities that were often available closer to home for male participants. I also found that both males and females reported receiving a great deal of support; this is particularly interesting given male hockey's higher profile. Taken together, these findings add nuance to the existing literature on Indigenous hockey players' experiences in the mainstream context.

Partial denitrification/anammox (PdNA) is a biological nitrogen removal technology with significant carbon and aeration savings when compared with conventional nitrification/denitrification. Yet despite these benefits, the use of PdNA in mainstream wastewater treatment remains limited. One of the main barriers to implementation of anammox-based technologies is the slow growth rate of anammox (AMX), which results in a long startup time. To accelerate startup, the typical approach to commissioning AMX-based processes, specifically used for sidestream partial nitritation/AMX, is with biomass augmentation, which is practically unrealistic for full-scale mainstream applications. Thus, this study evaluated startup strategies for mainstream PdNA without AMX inoculation in moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBRs) with two simultaneous experiments. In one experiment, an MBBR was started using IFAS carriers with a preliminary biofilm and no external carbon dosing or AMX biomass inoculation. The feed was controlled to 20°C and included mainstream conditions of nitrite and ammonia controlled to the stoichiometric requirements for AMX growth. After only 84 days of operation, AMX activity was confirmed in the reactor with evidence of activity a few weeks before testing. In the second experiment, four reactors were started with either virgin carriers or integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) carriers with a preliminary biofilm of heterotrophs and nitrifiers. The reactors were fed mainstream levels of ammonia and nitrate with a temperature control target of 20°C and one reactor of each carrier type was dosed with carbon in the form of either glycerol or methanol. Carbon dosing was based on a feedback proportional-integrative-derivative (PID) control loop with a nitrate residual of 1-1.5 mgNO3-N/L. Of the four reactors, the preliminary biofilm carrier reactor dosed with glycerol achieved AMX activity first after 224 days of operation, but it was determined this was likely limited by synthetic feeding for the first 184 days. These results, along with other recent PdNA work, suggest that growth of AMX on biofilm carriers can be established in mainstream conditions in 50-100 days, depending on media selection and carbon source. Ultimately, this research will help utilities understand methods for starting up mainstream PdNA MBBRs from scratch and make this technology more accessible. / Master of Science / Intensification is the practice by which operational changes and new technologies are employed to reduce economic, resource, energy, and space requirements of wastewater treatment plants. One area of increasing focus involves the use of anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria, or anammox (AMX), to reduce the aeration and carbon dosing needs for treating wastewater. One of the main barriers to implementation of AMX-based technologies is the slow growth rate of AMX, which results in a long startup time. To accelerate startup, the typical approach to commissioning AMX-based processes, specifically used for sidestream partial-nitritation/AMX, is with augmentation of biomass, which is practically unrealistic for full-scale mainstream applications. Thus, this study evaluated startup strategies for mainstream moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBRs) without AMX biomass inoculation in two simultaneous experiments in an AMX MBBR and a partial denitrification/AMX (PdNA) MBBR. In one experiment, idealized stoichiometric conditions for AMX growth were provided to a mainstream MBBR started with carriers from an aerobic integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) process to determine how fast AMX could potentially grow. In another experiment, different carrier types, virgin or preliminary biofilm carriers from an IFAS process, and different carbon sources, methanol and glycerol, were tested to determine the best methods for encouraging AMX attachment and growth in a PdNA process. These results, along with other recent PdNA work, suggest that growth of AMX on biofilm carriers can be established in mainstream conditions within 50-100 days, depending on media selection and carbon source. Ultimately, this research will help utilities understand methods for starting up mainstream PdNA MBBRs from scratch and make this technology more accessible.

The nitritation-anammox process is an efficient and cost-effective approach for biological nitrogen removal, but its application in treating mainstream wastewater remains a great challenge. The key objectives of this dissertation are to develop nitritation-anammox process to treat wastewater with low-nitrogen strength, understand the fundamental microbiology, and optimize its operation through experimental studies and mathematic modeling. Chapter 2 showed that the nitritation-anammox process has been successfully developed in an upflow membrane-aerated biofilm reactor, where pure oxygen was delivered via gas-permeable membrane module. Chapter 3 demonstrated that hybrid anaerobic reactor (HAR) could be an effective pretreatment method to provide a relatively low COD/N ratio for nitritation-anammox reactor. In Chapter 4, a novel mathematical model has been proposed to evaluate the minimum DO requirement for the nitritation-anammox reactor to achieve the maximum TN removal under various COD/N scenarios (controlled by HRTHAR). Chapters 5 and 6 designed an OsAMX system by linking nitritation-anammox to forward osmosis to remove the reverse-fluxed ammonium while using ammonium bicarbonate as a draw solute. The microbial community structures and dynamics, spatial distributions in these bioreactors were characterized by high-throughput sequencing and fluorescent in situ hybridization techniques. The studies in this dissertation have demonstrated that nitritation-anammox process is a promising alternative for sustainable mainstream treatment with the appropriate pretreatment approach and operation optimization. / PHD / Eutrophication due to the discharge of excessive N and P concentrations into water bodies is pervasive in the United States. The increasingly stringent nitrogen discharge criteria with minimized energy consumption and carbon footprint has become a great challenge for wastewater treatment facilities. Compared with nitrification-denitrification process, nitritation-anammox process is a cost-effective technology because it significantly decreases oxygen and organic carbon consumption. In Chapter 2, the nitritation-anammox process has been demonstrated for the first time to treat low nitrogen strength wastewater in an upflow membrane-aerated biofilm reactor with pure oxygen supply. The membrane aeration with upflow pattern have shown to promote oxygen mass transfer and biomass retention through the formation of biofilm and granules. Chapter 3 demonstrated that hybrid anaerobic reactor could be an effective method to pre-remove most organic matters for nitritation-anammox reactor so that anammox and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria can outcompete heterotrophic organisms. A mathematical model has also been developed in Chapter 4 to evaluate the effects of COD/N ratio on minimum DO requirement and microbial distributions in the nitritation-anammox reactor. Chapters 5 and 6 investigated the potential application of nitritation-anammox to remove reverse-fluxed ammonium leaked by forward osmosis using ammonium bicarbonate as a draw solute. These studies collectively showed that nitritation-anammox process could create opportunities for achieving sustainable wastewater treatment with minimum input of resources.

All people experience stress in their environments. The specific causes of stress vary from person to person as does one's ability to cope with each stressor. This thesis introduces the concept of Empathetic Design, a design strategy possible only when empathy for the inhabitant is achieved by the designer. An Empathetic Designer is able to identify environmental stressors and can employ appropriate design strategies that reduce stress. Though this strategy is meant to be applicable for all people in all environments, the scope of this thesis focuses on the design of elementary school environments. Specifically, the scope is limited to how Empathetic Design can reduce stress and foster the inclusion of high functioning autistic children in a mainstream educational environment. This thesis combines current learning theory and autism research with a visual exploration of building types from six periods of American school design. The hope is to create Empathetic Designers who will inform design of future elementary school facilities. / Master of Architecture / All people experience stress in their environments. The specific causes of stress vary from person to person as does one’s ability to cope with each stressor. This thesis introduces the concept of Empathetic Design, a design strategy possible only when empathy for the inhabitant is achieved by the designer. An Empathetic Designer is able to identify environmental stressors and can employ appropriate design strategies that reduce stress. Though this strategy is meant to be applicable for all people in all environments, the scope of this thesis focuses on the design of elementary school environments. Specifically, the scope is limited to how Empathetic Design can reduce stress and foster the inclusion of high functioning autistic children in a mainstream educational environment. This thesis combines current learning theory and autism research with a visual exploration of building types from six periods of American school design. The hope is to create Empathetic Designers who will inform design of future elementary school facilities.

Yes / Prior research ignores the specific role of acculturation attitudes in predicting acculturation behaviors and consumption choices across public and private life domains. The study uses self-administered questionnaires to collect data from 530 Turkish-Dutch respondents. The findings underscore the overall significance of investigating domain-specific (public vs. private) acculturation attitudes and subsequent acculturation behaviors. Enculturation (acculturation) behaviors function as a mediating variable in the relationship between acculturation attitudes and consumption of food and entertainment products from the heritage (host) culture. The study is one of the first to investigate the simultaneous effects of acculturation attitudes and acculturation behaviors on the choice to consumer foods and entertainment products from both heritage and host cultures. The article provides managerial implications and future research directions.

This study focuses on Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, the U.S. Representative for New York's 14th Congressional District, and how news media portray her based on her gender, age, and ethnicity, which still play essential roles in the political system in the United States. The analysis of previous academic research, newspaper articles from the New York Times and the Washington Post (June 1, 2018 to June 30, 2019) and framing and feminist theories are used to evaluate coverage of Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez. The newspaper stories are examined based on the framing of traits including being the youngest woman ever elected to Congress, being Latina, and being one the most progressive politicians in the Congress. The main objective of this study is to shed light on a topic that at this moment in time is more relevant than ever because the 116th Congress has the highest number of women and women of color in U.S. history. I examine media coverage that Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez receives for stereotypical frames, so that, overall, all women running or holding public office may receive unbiased and more balanced media coverage. This study also intends to hold media outlets accountable for the way they portray different candidates because it has a significant influence on the voting population.

<p>Rad istražuje alternativne kulturne prakse arhitekture i<br />urbanizma u Jugoslaviji, nastale u periodu 1945. i 1980.<br />Teorijske, edukativne, kustoske, umjetničke i profesionalne<br />arhitektonske prakse su sagledane u kontekstu socijalističke<br />svakodnevice i modernizma. Obja&scaron;njene su osnovne<br />karakteristike fenomena alternativnih kulturnih praksi,<br />prostora i autora, njihova reprezentativna moć kao sastavni<br />dio reprezentacije moći države, njihova posebnost kao<br />prostorno-kulturnog fenomena i trajne posljedice nezavisno<br />od izmjenjenih uslova i okolnosti u kojima danas postoje.</p> / <p>The paper explores alternative cultural practices of architecture<br />and urban planning in Yugoslavia, from the period 1945 and<br />1980. Theoretical, educational, curatorial, artistic and<br />professional architectural practices have been viewed in the<br />context of everyday life and socialist modernism. Explains the<br />basic characteristics of the phenomenon of alternative cultural<br />practices, space and authors, their representative power as an<br />integral part of the team and not the state, their uniqueness as<br />spatially-cultural phenomenon and lasting effects<br />independently of the changed conditions and circumstances<br />exist today.</p>

The presented thesis deals with lane merging at lane drops. The theory of traffic flow is briefly introduced and put into the perspective of lane merging. Forming of queues at lane drops, the capacity drop and traffic flow behaviour at lane merging is explained. A review of existing measures at lane drops at work zones and elsewhere is provided. Measurements of traffic flow from three different locations are presented. The locations are introduced, the methods used for analysis of the data are explained and the results are provided and discussed. The capacity drop is confirmed and the first proof of concept of the later introduced metering system is presented. The behaviour of the merging drivers was found to have a significant influence on the merging capacity during congestion. Further, an overview of existing applications of traffic light in traffic flow control is provided and ramp metering and mainstream metering is explained. The new metering system for lane drops is presented including several possible modifications and extensions. Finally, the proposed metering system is tested in microsimulation software Aimsun. The simulations further confirm the viability of such systems. It brings significant capacity improvements and consequently even greater improvements of delays and travel times due to shorter queues.