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La première impression que ressent le lecteur à la lecture des "Chants", c'est le dépaysement. L'oeuvre nous désoriente, et, après une première lecture, nous avons l'impression de nous retrouver dans un fouillis inextricable. [...]

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Informe de Seminario para optar al grado de Licenciado en Lengua y Literatura Hispánica mención Literatura. / Este trabajo tiene como objetivo principal explicar algunos de los procedimientos cómicos utilizados en los tres primeros cantos de Los cantos de Maldoror , texto escrito por Isidore Ducasse bajo el seudónimo del Conde de Lautréamont, que fue publicado por primera vez en forma íntegra el año 1869 en Francia.

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This thesis will explore the ways in which the effects and affects of horror can be enhanced though the technique of hypotyposis. In an experimental translation of Les Chants de Maldoror (1874) by the Comte de Lautréamont, I will endeavour to draw out the imagery already in the source text in order to make the target text more horrific to the reader. In some places, I will change the course of the plot itself in order to make the target text more terrifying to the reader. The focus of this thesis will be on horror as an experience of the grotesque, and on the ambivalent mental state that the grotesque compels in the reader as they wait for a resolution to a scene, or attempt to resolve irreconcilable aspects of a certain object or being. I will begin with a historical overview of the concepts “grotesque,” “horror” as a literary genre, and “body horror.” Then, I will examine the ambivalence inherent in Maldoror (1874), the suspension generated by its narrative style and its genre, as well as how this ambivalence is used to prolong the affects of horror. I will explain how they are used to increase the time during which the reader is suspended in ambivalence. I will then proceed to examine hypotyposis as it relates to the valency of poetic imagery and the “real-in-the-instant” as theorized by Barbara Folkart. I will then explain the experimentation implicit in my translation through the lens of Haroldo de Campos’ “transcreation.” After a thorough analysis of my translation as compared to another, by Guy Wernham (1965 [1943]), it will be seen that hypotyposis is an extremely useful tool that can be put to great use in evoking horror.

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Bien avant que les surréalistes n’érigent Lautréamont en précurseur de la modernité poétique, Les Chants de Maldoror (1869) et les Poésies (1870) ont eu leur place dans les débats des écrivains de la fin du XIXe siècle sur la décadence et le symbolisme. La réception de Lautréamont ne va pourtant pas de soi : son oeuvre d’Isidore Ducasse ne s’accorde guère avec les aspirations de l’époque ; et le manque crucial d’informations sur cet auteur laisse un vide que ses premiers lecteurs se sont efforcés de combler par l’élaboration d’un récit mythique. À travers l’étude d’un demi-siècle de lectures, fait de récupérations idéologiques, de querelles véhémentes et de fantasmes autour de la figure de l’écrivain maudit, cette thèse tente de reconstituer les réseaux de sociabilité littéraire de 1868 à 1917 en utilisant des outils d’analyse empruntés à la sociologie ; elle aspire en effet à montrer comment, grâce aux petites revues et aux cénacles, un mythe littéraire s’est élaboré au tournant du siècle. / Long before Surrealists seized upon Lautréamont in the name of poetic modernity, Les Chants de Maldoror (1869) and Poésies (1870) had been read by a whole literary generation which broached upon them in discussions about decadence and symbolism. But that reception is not obvious : Isidore Ducasse’s work is not a perfect reflection of the era’s aspirations, and the lack of information about its author generates a void to be filled only by a mythic story. It is necessary to parse this half-century of readings, full of ideological hijacks, fantasies about a supposed poète maudit as well as of literary disputes in which what is at stake is the discovery of a new Rimbaud. With the help of analytic tools borrowed from network sociology, our aim is to declineate the literary landscape in the years 1868 to 1917 in order to show how a literary myth took shape, through small journals and circles, at the turn of a century.