The Arizona Child Acoustic Database consists of longitudinal audio recordings from a group of children over a critical period of growth and development (ages 2-7 years). The goal of this database is to 1) document acoustic changes in speech production that may be related to physical growth 2) inform development of a model of speech production for child talkers. This work was funded by NSF BSC-1145011 awarded to Kate Bunton, Ph.D. and Brad Story, Ph.D, Principal Investigators. This database contains longitudinal audio recordings of 55 American English speaking children between the ages of 2-7 at 3-month intervals. Since children began the study at different ages, some children have fewer recording sessions than others. The database can also be used to provide cross-sectional data for children of a specific age. Please refer to the subject data table for information on specific sessions available here http://arizona.openrepository.com/arizona/handle/10150/316065. All children were recorded using the same protocol; therefore, task numbers are consistent across children and sessions. A calibration tone is included as Record 1 for all sessions. The speech protocol focused on production of English monopthong and diphthong vowels in isolation, sVd, hVd, and monosyllabic real words. In addition, the protocol includes several nonsense vowel-to-vowel transitions. Speakers were prompted either verbally by investigators or by graphical prompts. Details of the protocol with reference to task numbers can be found in the protocol spreadsheet available here http://arizona.openrepository.com/arizona/handle/10150/316065. Details on data recording: All samples were recorded digitally using an AKG SE 300B microphone with a mouth to mic distance of approximately 10 inches. Signals were recorded digitally using a Marantz PMD671, 16 bit PCM (uncompressed) at 44.1KHz. Recordings are made available in .wav format. Individual zip files contain all recordings from a single session.

The Arizona Child Acoustic Database consists of longitudinal audio recordings from a group of children over a critical period of growth and development (ages 2-7 years). The goal of this database is to 1) document acoustic changes in speech production that may be related to physical growth 2) inform development of a model of speech production for child talkers. This work was funded by NSF BSC-1145011 awarded to Kate Bunton, Ph.D. and Brad Story, Ph.D, Principal Investigators. This database contains longitudinal audio recordings of 55 American English speaking children between the ages of 2-7 at 3-month intervals. Since children began the study at different ages, some children have fewer recording sessions than others. The database can also be used to provide cross-sectional data for children of a specific age. Please refer to the subject data table for information on specific sessions available here http://arizona.openrepository.com/arizona/handle/10150/316065. All children were recorded using the same protocol; therefore, task numbers are consistent across children and sessions. A calibration tone is included as Record 1 for all sessions. The speech protocol focused on production of English monopthong and diphthong vowels in isolation, sVd, hVd, and monosyllabic real words. In addition, the protocol includes several nonsense vowel-to-vowel transitions. Speakers were prompted either verbally by investigators or by graphical prompts. Details of the protocol with reference to task numbers can be found in the protocol spreadsheet available here http://arizona.openrepository.com/arizona/handle/10150/316065. Details on data recording: All samples were recorded digitally using an AKG SE 300B microphone with a mouth to mic distance of approximately 10 inches. Signals were recorded digitally using a Marantz PMD671, 16 bit PCM (uncompressed) at 44.1KHz. Recordings are made available in .wav format. Individual zip files contain all recordings from a single session.

This essay examines how young male students get affected by media and how it influences their identity in everyday life. Our theoretical framework is based on masculinity, hegemonic masculinity, parasocial interaction and identification theory. Methods used are qualitative interviews with young men between 20-25 years old. We keep in mind that we have preconceptions of how media affects the male identity and that it affects the results of the study. The essay shows that there are different suggestions of how a man should be and behave according to media image. However, the male images that are seen are all variations of the traditional production of man, but there are also new available ideal images. The result shows that young male students get affected by media messages in forms of identification with popular media-characters, body-ideal, success, responsibility and initiative taking andthat media content perhaps contribute to both positive but particularly negative consequencesfor men's identity.

Operant conditioning techniques were used to condition male-typical behaviors in an eight-year-old effeminate boy who had been described as transsexual. A probe of toys and activities was administered, which showed a trend toward his choosing feminine toys and activities. The two phases consisted of positive reinforcement of behavior associated with masculinity.

The purpose of the present study was to examine 1) the effect of achievement information on evaluations of males and females, 2) male and female expectations of discrepancies between their opposite sex and themselves in evaluating achievement.

Training in sport environments that emphasize leanness and muscularity may damage athletes' body image and negatively influence male athletes' eating behaviors and attitudes. The Questionnaire for Eating Disorder Diagnosis and the Bulimia Test – Revised were completed anonymously online by 732 male intercollegiate athletes. Most male collegiate athletes were classified as asymptomatic (82.9%), followed by symptomatic (16%) and eating disordered (1.1%). The most common forms pathogenic behaviors were excessive exercise (51.6%), binge eating (21.4%), and dieting or fasting (20.5%). Results suggested that athletes who participate in weight class sports are at higher risk for developing these behaviors than endurance sport or ball game athletes. Counseling and other implications for professionals working with athletes are discussed.

This is a study of teacher pushout among Black male educators. In particular, this study examines experiences that prompted Black male teachers to resign or be terminated from teaching positions with the goal of exploring contributing factors to Black male teacher turnover. Drawing from the pushout stories of 9 Black male educators, this study found that Black male teachers experienced pushout in three phases: 1) the Reason – characterized by idealistic and hopeful feelings about being a change agent in the lives of students, 2) the Reality – characterized by various turning points that made it clear that the teaching positions these teachers were in might be less than ideal, and 3) the Removal – characterized by a steady escalation of negative events and interactions that eventually led to their pushout (through firing or resignation). Within these phases, several themes emerged. During the Reason phase, participants reported feeling a sense of responsibility to teach and mentor disadvantaged students – particularly Black males, love for teaching, and a sense of calling to teach. The Reality phase was characterized by pressure to conform to the expectation of masculinity suppression or over-expression depending on the needs and desires of co-workers and administration, limitations on creativity, and pressure to go along with policies and practices that participants felt were unethical or ineffective. Finally, the Removal phase was characterized by a culmination event that resulted in a move to another school or out of the field of education entirely. This dissertation builds on research about teacher turnover and identifies teacher pushout, a specific phenomenon within teacher turnover. Further, this study examines pushout among Black males.

There is extensive debate on how the condition of vaginismus is understood, classified and diagnosed. A significant amount of literature argues that no school of thought has adequately explained the condition, and no terminology sufficiently describes the experience of sufferers and their partners. This study explores the experiences and perceptions of male partners to contribute towards a more meaningful understanding of the condition. The participants were volunteers who, together with their partners had sought treatment at a sexual and reproductive health clinic. Each participant consented to a semi-structured interview which explored themes around their relationship and sexual interaction, and understanding of and response to vaginismus. The interview data was analysed using content analysis and themes were drawn from the patterns identified. These themes provide a rich description of the experience of men in relationships with women diagnosed with vaginismus. There is also some support for the literature findings on the characteristics of the male partners. The participants appear to have particular personality characteristics, which are sustained in the context created by the sexual and relationship difficulties associated with vaginismus. It is aspects of the participants’ personalities and their social and cultural identities which mediate their experience in the context of the relationship. In addition, the participants’ understanding of sexual identity is strongly influenced by culturally defined norms. Although the problem may be conceptualised as a sexual difficulty, it can become pervasive and affect other aspects of the relationship. However, the condition also has the potential to amplify the importance of the relationship and lead to increased commitment. The time periods before seeking treatment varied considerably, though all the participants reported finding ways in which to manage the sexual difficulties. The couples’ main objective for seeking treatment was to have penetrative intercourse and/or conceive children. The experience of seeking treatment was hampered by inconsistent diagnoses and a lack of specialized knowledge. It is recommended that future research focuses on improving assessment and diagnosis of vaginismus

MSc (Med), Biokinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand / Introduction: Performance enhancing substance (PES) use is a major concern currently facing adolescent sport. The youth have become more competitive in sport, with some using substances and supplements to improve their performance. Unfortunately, some of these adolescent athletes are using substances that are both harmful to their health and prohibited. Aim of study: To establish the attitudes and perceptions towards and the use of PES, including prohibited substances and food supplements, by adolescent male athletes, in selected Johannesburg boys’ high schools. Method: The study design was a cross-sectional study using a self-administered questionnaire. Male adolescent high school learners involved in 1st and 2nd team competitive high school sport in seven Johannesburg boys’ high schools were invited to volunteer to participate in the study. Questionnaires were completed under conditions similar to an examination, where participants were not allowed to communicate with each other. Demographic data was analysed using descriptive statistics. Results: The sample size was 100. Results indicated that the prevalence of PES use amongst the participants was 30%. The use of prohibited substances was found, including growth hormone (5%), anabolic androgenic steroids (4%), and adrenaline (4%). Food supplement use was also found in this sample, including creatine (32%), protein (61%), carbohydrate (54%), caffeine (57%) and vitamin (61%) supplementation. Most of the participants (83%) that used PES started using them when they were over 15 years old. The majority of the participants (42%) played rugby as their main high school sport. Conclusion: The findings indicate that there was generally a low prevalence of ergogenic substance use in Johannesburg boys’ high school sport for performance enhancement. Substances such as anabolic androgenic steroids (4%) and growth hormone (5%) were found to be used by the learners. The anti-doping attitude of the learners may be improved by education programmes, which aim to decrease the prevalence of prohibited PES use in adolescent sport.

Compiled by: David P. Speech/y in fulfilment of an MSc(MED) degree Department of Physiology University of the Witwatersrand Medical School Johannesburg, SOUTH AFRICA. / Our study comprised of a two fold investigation into i. the comparing of physiological function in a performance-matched (running 42.2km) group of females (n=10) and males (n=10), and ii. the analysis of the performance changes over four different distances. The female group ran an average of 3:36 ± 0:42 hours, and the male group an average of 3:39 ± 0:47 hours for a standard marathon. After matching the two groups we measured physical characteristics, maximal aerobic capacity (V02max), fitness level (lactate accumulation), energy cost of running (running economy), and muscle function (isokinetic dynamometry). The female group had a significantly lower (P<0.05) relative V02max (48.3 ± 2.8mlQ2• min'1 • kg"1 vs 51.3 ± 3.3ml02*min'1-kg'1) , lower absolute peak muscle torque for quadriceps at all angular velocities investigated (60-; 180-; and 240°-sec'1), but only at 240° • sec'1 for the hamstrings (29.0 ± 15.1Nm vs 46.6 ± 15.3Nm). However, females had lower (P<0.05) relative peak torques (expressed relative to the lean thigh volume) than males only for the quadriceps group of muscles at 180°-sec'1 (12.19 ± 4.75Nm-2'1 vs 18.87 ± 7.01Nm*l"1) The females had a greater (P<0.05) percentage body fat than the males (22.0 ± 3.2% vs 16.1 ± 3.0%). / IT2018