In industrial competition¡A business cost is reduced by the strategies such as the enhancement of production efficiency¡A the reformation of operational procedure¡A and the expansion of economic scale to have the enterprise enhance its competitiveness in encountering the competitive external environmental changes for securing a favorable status in business operation. The framing and implementing of successful strategies depend on the wisdom and daring of the business operator in leading the enterprise. Hence¡A the business operator or the high-level executives¡¦ leadership in the organization as well as the perception and daring in business planning play a critical role in determining the success or failure of an enterprise. The focus of this study is on exploring how the TFT-LCD high-level executives in the high-tech industry under high-tech¡A capital-intensive¡A and competitive TFT-LCD environment use their keen perceptions and management concept in leading the organization to break through the dilemma by plant establishment¡A plant expansion¡A and investment expansion¡A and have a dominating status in the TFT-LCD industry. The research interests are as the followings¡G 1.To understand the differences of the management concepts among the high-level executives of various enterprises in the environment with intensive-capital risks. 2.To understand the ways of the TFT-LCD industry in Taiwan for breaking through the plight under international competition. 3.To compare the management notions of the high-level executives in TFT-LCD industry with those of the world celebrated enterprise leaders. After reading the related literatures¡A on the basis of the three forgoing subjects and the spirit of qualitative research¡A case study is conducted as the theoretical foundation¡A and three high-level executives in the TFT-LCD industry are interviewed¡A with the information analysis of the interview result¡A this research is expected to have the following contributions¡G 1.Presenting and comparing the management concepts and differences of the high-level executives in the TFT-LCD industry of Taiwan. 2.Generalizing the ways of the high-level executives in the TFT-LCD industry of Taiwan in breaking through the barriers under international competition. 3.Comparing the management notions of the high-level executives in TFT-LCD industry with those of the world celebrated enterprise leaders. Accordingly¡A the presentation of the management concepts of the high-level executives in the TFT-LCD industry of Taiwan and the ways of breaking through the plight could be taken by the future high-level executives of the intensive-capital hi-tech industry as the reference for management.

This article contributes to a thriving line of research that examines issue interpretation and social accounts in order to study the adoption and diffusion of organizational concepts and management practices. It employs the empirical example of the rise of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in Austria between 1990 and 2005 to investigate the complex role institutional pressures and social positions of actors play in the local adoption of globally theorized ideas. More specifically, the study reveals distinct patterns in rhetorical CSR adoption that illustrate the initial hesitation and reluctance of an established elite in the Austrian business community towards the Anglo-American notion of 'explicit' CSR, while non-elite actors who were less favourably positioned in the social order readily embraced the concept. It is in such a sense that CSR is nevertheless instrumentalized to challenge, reinterpret, or explicitly evoke the autochthonous idea of institutionalized social solidarity. Conceptually, this research takes into account social structure, actors' positions in the social order, and resulting divergent adoption motivations - i.e. the individual, yet socially derived, relevance systems of actors - and relates them to mechanisms and processes of institutional change. (author's abstract)

The subject matter of this thesis is governance principles in global management concepts and the application of such principles by managers at a local level. The thesis includes a case study on a foreign-owned Swedish group of companies that has introduced the management concept of High Performance Culture in all of its consolidated group countries. Global management concepts usually originate from the United States and make use of neorational governance principles. High Performance Culture is a management concept that puts increased performance and individualisation in the foreground. In addition, the concept advocates co-determination and self-development. The governance principles further promote employee autonomy orientation and self-development in addition to a leader-centric approach. The case study results indicate a discrepancy in the requirements of the governance principles of the management concept, highlighting the various dimensions of cultural layers and values to which managers in the same organisation are subject. The same values had an effect in different ways on the managers’ interpretation and handling of the management concept. This interpretation and handling of the management concept tools led to an implementation that partially opposed what the French management team and management concept advocated. The managers choosing to oppose the governance principles of the management concept can be seen as an example of modern individualism, according to which people are increasingly questioning rigid and hierarchic authority while showing initiative and assessing one’s own personal work. Hence, the values of modern individualism can act as a counterforce to neorational governance principles. / <p>Akademisk avhandling för avläggande av doktorsexamen i Arbetsvetenskap, som med tillstånd av Fakultetsnämnden vid Fakulteten för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap, vid</p><p>Karlstads universitet framläggs till offentlig granskning fredagen den 25 oktober 2013 kl. 13.00, sal C203, Högskolan i Borås.</p>

Magistro baigiamajame darbe teoriniu aspektu analizuojama ekstremalių valdymo samprata bei svarbiausi jas charakterizuojantys aspektai, įvardijamos galimos ekstremalios situacijų pasekmės, nagrinėjami gelbėjimo sistemos valdymo ypatumai esant ekstremalioms situacijoms, aptariama Civilinės saugos ir gelbėjimo sistemos Lietuvoje struktūra jos uždaviniai, išsamiai nagrinėjami ekstremalių situacijų ir gelbėjimo sistemos valdymo ypatumai. Ekspertinio tyrimo pagalba analizuojama ekstremalių situacijų ir gelbėjimo sistemos valdymo Telšių apskrityje situacija, problemos. / Master's thesis analyzed the theoretical aspect of emergency management concept and the most important aspects to characterize, identify the possible consequences of an emergency, life-saving issue management system features in extreme situations, discusses the civil protection and rescue system in Lithuania structure of the tasks in detail in the Emergency and Rescue Management System Features. Study of expert analysis of emergency management and rescue system general situation and problems of Telšiai.

The subject matter of this thesis is governance principles in global management concepts and the application of such principles by managers at a local level. The thesis includes a case study on a foreign-owned Swedish group of companies that has introduced the management concept of High Performance Culture in all of its consolidated group countries.  Global management concepts usually originate from the United States and make use of neo-rational governance principles. High Performance Culture is a management concept that puts increased performance and individualisation in the foreground. In addition, the concept advocates co-determination and self-development. The governance principles further promote employee autonomy orientation and self-development in addition to a leader-centric approach.  The case study results indicate a discrepancy in the requirements of the governance principles of the management concept, highlighting the various dimensions of cultural layers and values to which managers in the same organisation are subject. The same values had an effect in different ways on the managers’ interpretation and handling of the management concept.   This interpretation and handling of the management concept tools led to an implementation that partially opposed what the French management team and management concept advocated.    The managers choosing to oppose the governance principles of the management concept can be seen as an example of modern individualism, according to which people are increasingly questioning rigid and hierarchic authority while showing initiative and assessing one’s own personal work. Hence, the values of modern individualism can act as a counterforce to neo-rational governance principles. / Avhandlingen studerar styrningsprinciper i globala managementkoncept samt hur de översätts av chefer på lokal nivå. En fallstudie har genomförts i ett svenskt utlandsägt företag där managementkonceptet Högpresterande kultur har införts i koncernens samtliga länder. Högpresterande kultur är ett globalt nyrationellt managementkoncept med ökad prestation och individualisering i förgrunden. Men konceptet förordar även medbestämmande och självutveckling. Av resultatet framgår att i kraven från managementkonceptets styrningsprinciper uppstod en krock som synliggjorde olika dimensioner av kulturella lager med värderingar som cheferna omfattades av, i en och samma organisation. Organisatoriska identiteter på skilda nivåer och funktioner, med skillnader i värderingar, påverkade hur cheferna översatte och hanterade managementkonceptet. Även utlandsägandet var av betydelse för genomslaget. Cheferna tog till sig styrningsverktygen då de gav sken av medarbetarorienterade styrningsprinciper. En krock uppstod dock med ledarcentrering inbäddad i konceptets verktyg. Chefernas val att gå emot konceptets styrningsprinciper skulle kunna tolkas i enlighet med en modern individualism. Den säger att människor i allt högre utsträckning ifrågasätter rigida och hierarkiska auktoriteter, samt tar egna initiativ och gör egna bedömningar i arbetet. Den moderna individualismens värderingar skulle således kunna stå som en motkraft till nyrationalistiska styrningsprinciper.

In the context of New Public Management, concepts such as lean have had a major impact among organizations in recent years with efficiency ideas based on customer focus. Moreover, the benefits of lean have served as solutions to the problems and challenges facing the public service. However, previous research is limited in public authority contexts to understand its applicability. The Swedish Social Insurance Agency is a public authority that started implementing lean in 2012 with the aim of streamlining its flow with continuous improvements based on customer value. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to examine how lean is expressed from idea to practice in two departments of the Swedish Social Insurance Agency as a public authority context. This, by illustrating the translation process of the management idea as a strategy based on a strategic and an operational department as an overall level and the everyday work within the core activity at the micro level. Thus, lean is a broad and flexible concept, but the focus of this thesis is on the concepts flow and value. Institutional theory and Scandinavian institutional theory, especially translation theory have been used to apply a model of decontextualization, translation arenas and contextualization, as well as central translators. This to understand how ideas are raised from a practice through various arenas and translated into another practice. To achieve the purpose of this thesis, a two-case study was conducted by the lean introduction of these two departments. Semi-structured interviews have been conducted with central managers and employees in the departments as well as with external consultants who have been involved in and influenced introduction of lean. This, in order to understand how the concepts have been translated from arenas and translators at two comparative levels. This thesis also contains internal documents and annual reports as well as observations that have been studied. Results presented in the paper contribute to existing research, with the translation of lean at the strategic and operational level within a public authority context. As such, the results indicate that translation is ongoing everywhere where a link between public and private activities is a way of how ideas are disseminated and translated. In addition, the introduction of lean in the departments had been introduced and tested to a minor extent at the strategic department before the introduction as a top-down process of the entire authority through informal relationships with Scania and Toyota. Analysis shows that the local translation process in both cases is an adaptation between lean and practice. Furthermore, lean did not change the everyday work completely, but was translated in a way that supported how the departments were organized before, rather than radically changing them. Additionally, the analysis shows that the translation of lean was affected by the private sector and other organizations in the area. The various arenas and translators play an important role in how lean is translated into practice. Adaptation to the organizational context is also important for the idea to be successful. However, the thesis shows that a formal actor is required to add energy to maintain the commitment with lean. / I en kontext av New Public Management har idéer som lean fått en stor genomslagskraft bland organisationer på senare tid med effektivitetstankar utifrån ett kundfokus. Vidare, har fördelarna med lean fungerat som lösningar på de problem och utmaningar som offentlig tjänsteverksamhet står inför. Därutöver är tidigare forskning begränsat inom myndighetskontexter för att förstå dess tillämpbarhet. Forskning belyser att empiriska och teoretiska studier efterfrågas på mikronivå inom kärnverksamheters vardagliga arbete i kombination med en övergripande nivå vid införande av management-koncept. Försäkringskassan är en myndighet som påbörjade implementeringen av lean år 2012 i syfte att effektivisera sitt flöde med ständiga förbättringar utifrån kunden i centrum. Av den anledningen är uppsatsens syfte att undersöka hur lean kommer till uttryck från idé till praktik på två av Försäkringskassans avdelningar som en offentlig myndighetskontext. Detta genom att belysa översättningsprocessen av managementidén som verksamhetsstrategi utifrån en strategisk respektive en operativ avdelning som arbetar med övergripande strategi och kärnverksamhet på mikronivå. Lean är således ett brett och flexibelt begrepp, men fokus i uppsatsen är på koncepten flöde och värde. Institutionell teori, skandinavisk institutionell teori och i synnerhet översättningsteori har använts för att tillämpa en modell av dekontextualisering, översättningsarenor och kontextualisering samt centrala översättare. Detta för att förstå hur idéer lyfts från en praxis via olika arenor och översätts till en annan praxis.  För att uppnå syftet har en tvåfallstudie genomförts av lean-införandet på dessa två avdelningar. Semistrukturerade intervjuer har gjorts med centrala chefer och medarbetare på avdelningarna samt med externa konsulter som varit med och påverkat införandet. Detta för att förstå hur koncepten översatts utifrån arenor och översättare på två jämförande nivåer. Uppsatsen innehåller även interna dokument och årsredovisningar samt observationer som studerats. Uppsatsens resultat ger bidrag till existerande forskning, med översättning av lean på strategisk och operativ nivå inom en myndighetskontext. Resultaten tyder på att översättning pågår ständigt överallt där en koppling mellan offentlig och privat verksamhet är ett sätt för hur idéer sprids och översätts. Införandet av lean testades i mindre omfattning på den strategiska avdelningen innan införandet en top-down process på hela myndigheten genom informella relationer till Scania och Toyota. Analyserna visar på att den lokala översättningsprocessen i båda fallen är en anpassning mellan lean och praxis. Dessutom förändrade inte lean det vardagliga arbetet helt utan översattes på ett sätt som avdelningarna sedan tidigare varit organiserade, istället för att radikalt förändra dem. Vidare visar analysen att översättningen av lean påverkades av privat sektor och andra organisationer i omgivningen. De olika arenorna och översättarna fyller en viktig funktion i hur lean översätts till praktiken. Anpassning till den organisatoriska kontexten är även viktig för att idén ska bli framgångsrik. Emellertid visar uppsatsen att en formell aktör krävs för att tillföra energi för att behålla engagemanget för lean.