Title: Cross-bridged cyclams as manganese(II) chelators Autor: Bc. Luděk Míka Department: Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science Supervisor: doc. RNDr. Jan Kotek, Ph.D. Supervisor's e-mail address: modrej@natur.cuni.cz Abstract: The aim of this project was to synthesize a new kind of Mn(II) complexes with ligands derived from cross-bridged cyclam. These complexes may be potentially used as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging. Six macrobicyclic ligands with various pendant arm were synthesized, three complexes were sucesfully prepared. Electrochemical properties of prepared manganese(II) complexes with synthesized ligands were studied using cyclic voltammetry. Relaxivity of prepared complexes was determined by 1 H NMR spectroscopy. Keywords: cross-bridged cyclam, phosphonate, phosphinate, pendant arms, manganese

Submitted by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-06-30T18:09:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_STEFANI_ALTENHOFEN_PARCIAL.pdf: 820184 bytes, checksum: 93540eb7fece868ec872a31e8f894852 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-06-30T18:09:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_STEFANI_ALTENHOFEN_PARCIAL.pdf: 820184 bytes, checksum: 93540eb7fece868ec872a31e8f894852 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-30T18:09:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_STEFANI_ALTENHOFEN_PARCIAL.pdf: 820184 bytes, checksum: 93540eb7fece868ec872a31e8f894852 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-06 / Neurotoxic agents, such as pesticides, organic solvents and metals, are capable to alter normal CNS activity. Manganese (Mn) is a metal found in the environment, which when in excess, accumulates in the CNS making it a potential hazard to health. In addition to Mn, other neurotoxic agents can cause changes, leading to deficits in neurotransmission systems. The growth of crop pests has exponentially increased the use of agrochemicals to maintain plantations. The fungicide tebuconazole is a triazole used in crops, such as barley, wheat, peanuts and orchard fruits and related to behavioral and oxidative changes. The insecticide dichlorvos, belongs to organophosphate family, acts through the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition, leading to hyperstimulation of cholinergic receptors. Cholinergic system is characterized by the action of acetylcholine (ACh) on muscarinic and nicotinic receptors. The level of this molecule is regulated by acetylcholinesterase (AChE), which catalyzes degradation of ACh into choline and acetate. Purinergic system is characterized by the action of ATP and adenosine on purinoreceptor P2 and P1, respectively. The levels of these molecules are regulated by ectonucleotidases, which constitute the extracellular cascade for ATP hydrolysis to adenosine. Adenosine can be subsequently deaminated to inosine by action of adenosine deaminase (ADA). Dopamine (DA), synthesized from L-DOPA, is the neurotransmitter of the dopaminergic system and it acts through its D1-D5 receptors, controlling the start and execution of movement. This study aims to evaluate the effects of exposure to manganese and pesticides, such as dichlorvos and tebuconazole, on behavioral parameters in larval and adult zebrafish, as well as its effects on purinergic, cholinergic and dopaminergic signaling. Exposure to MnCl2 in the early stages of development (1 hpf - 5 dpf) was able to reduce the distance traveled, absolute turn angle and mobile time of the larvae at 5, 7 and 10 dpf. In addition, it caused an increase in TH levels at 5 and 7 dpf, followed by a reduction at 10 dpf. There was also an increase in markers of cell death. In adult animals, exposure during 96 hours caused a reduction in distance traveled, number of line crossings and absolute turn angle, and an inhibition on memory acquisition through the inhibitory avoidance task. In addition, adult animals exposed to MnCl2 showed increased levels of markers of cell death, TH and DOPAC (3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid) in the brain. The 96-hour exposure to this metal was also able to inhibit the NTPDases and ecto-ADA activities and to reduce ADA2.1-mRNA transcripts, besides for increasing ADP levels and reducing the amount of AMP, ADO and INO in the incubation medium. Tebuconazole was able to increase the ocular distance of larvae at 5 dpf and reduce the exploratory behavior of these animals, and still decrease the locomotor activity of 96 hours exposed adult zebrafish. Moreover, this fungicide decreased AChE activity in both 5 dpf larvae and brains of adult animals. Exposure to dichlorvos (1 hpf - 7 dpf) reduced body length, heartbeat rate and larval surface at 7 dpf as well as affected the escape capacity of larvae at 7 and 14 dpf. Further, it reduced exploratory behavior at 7 and 14 dpf, maintaining this pattern when animals became young adults at 30 dpf, and adults at 70 dpf. However, the analysis performed at 120 dpf showed a recovery of behavioral activity equal to the control. In addition, the analysis of exposure to dichlorvos in the early stages of development at 120 dpf on the enzymes of the purinergic system, showed that this insecticide is able to elevate the ecto-5'-nucleotidase activity and reduce the ecto-ADA activity. The results showed that neurotoxic agents, such as Mn, dichlorvos and tebuconazole, play a role in the larval and adult behavior of zebrafish, and affect different neurotransmission systems. Such behavioral changes may be associated with the deficits observed in neurochemical and molecular mechanisms investigated. / Agentes neurot?xicos, tais como pesticidas, solventes org?nicos e metais, s?o capazes de alterar a atividade normal do Sistema Nervoso Central (SNC). O mangan?s (Mn) ? um metal encontrado no ambiente que, quando em excesso, acumula-se no SNC, tornando-se um perigo potencial para a sa?de. Al?m do Mn, outros agentes neurot?xicos podem causar altera??es, levando a d?ficits em sistemas de neurotransmiss?o. O crescimento de pragas de lavoura tem aumentado exponencialmente o uso de agrot?xicos para manuten??o de planta??es. O fungicida tebuconazol ? um triazol utilizado em culturas como a cevada, trigo, amendoim e frutas do pomar e relacionado com altera??es comportamentais e oxidativas. O inseticida dicl?rvos, pertence a fam?lia dos organofosforados atuando atrav?s da inibi??o da acetilcolinesterase (AChE), que leva ? hiperestimula??o dos receptores colin?rgicos. O sistema colin?rgico ? caracterizado pela a??o da acetilcolina (ACh) nos receptores muscar?nicos e nicot?nicos. O n?vel dessa mol?cula ? regulado pela acetilcolinesterase (AChE), que catalisa a degrada??o da ACh em colina e acetato. O sistema purin?rgico ? caracterizado pela a??o do ATP e adenosina (ADO) nos purinoreceptores P2 e P1, respectivamente. Os n?veis dessas mol?culas s?o regulados pela a??o das ectonucleotidases que catalisam a hidr?lise do ATP a adenosina (ADO). A ADO pode ser desaminada a inosina (INO) pela a??o da adenosina desaminase (ADA). A dopamina (DA), sintetizada a partir da L-DOPA, ? o neurotransmissor do sistema dopamin?rgico e age atrav?s dos seus receptores D1-D5, controlando o in?cio e execu??o do movimento. Portanto, este estudo visa avaliar os efeitos da exposi??o ao mangan?s e agrot?xicos, tais como dicl?rvos e tebuconazol, sobre par?metros comportamentais em peixe-zebra nos est?gios larval e adulto, bem como os seus efeitos sobre a sinaliza??o purin?rgica, colin?rgica e dopamin?rgica. A exposi??o ao MnCl2 nos est?gios iniciais de desenvolvimento (1 hpf - 5 dpf) foi capaz de reduzir a dist?ncia percorrida, o ?ngulo de giro absoluto e o tempo de mobilidade das larvas aos 5, 7 e 10 dpf. Al?m disso, causou um aumento nos n?veis de TH aos 5 e 7 dpf, seguido por uma redu??o em 10 dpf. Tamb?m foi observado um aumento dos marcadores de morte celular. Em animais adultos, a exposi??o ao longo de 96 horas causou redu??o na dist?ncia percorrida, n?mero de cruzamentos e ?ngulo de giro absoluto, e ainda uma redu??o na aquisi??o de mem?ria atrav?s da tarefa de esquiva inibit?ria. Al?m disso, os animais adultos expostos a MnCl2 apresentaram aumento nos n?veis de marcadores de morte celular, al?m de TH e DOPAC (?cido 3,4-di-hidroxifenilac?tico) no enc?falo. A exposi??o por 96 horas a este metal tamb?m foi capaz de inibir a atividade das NTPDases e da ecto-ADA e reduzir os transcritos de RNAm do gene ADA2.1, al?m de aumentar os n?veis de ADP e reduzir a quantidade de AMP, ADO e INO no meio. O tebuconazol foi capaz de aumentar a dist?ncia ocular de larvas aos 5 dpf e reduzir a capacidade explorat?ria desses animais, e ainda diminuir a atividade locomotora de peixe-zebra adultos expostos por 96 horas. Al?m disso, este fungicida diminuiu a atividade da AChE tanto em larvas de 5 dpf, quanto em enc?falo de animais adultos. Al?m do mais, o tebuconacol aumentou a express?o relativa de mRNA da AChE em larvas, no entanto, n?o alterou em adultos. A exposi??o ao dicl?rvos, nas fases iniciais do desenvolvimento (1 hpf - 7 dpf), reduziu o tamanho corporal, a taxa de batimentos card?acos e a superf?cie dos olhos de larvas de 7 dpf, bem como afetou a capacidade de escape de larvas aos 7 e 14 dpf. Al?m disso, reduziu a capacidade explorat?ria aos 7 e 14 dpf, padr?o mantido quando os animais tornaram-se adultos jovens aos 30 dpf, e adultos aos 70 dpf. No entanto, as an?lises realizadas aos 120 dpf mostraram recupera??o da atividade comportamental similar ao grupo controle. A an?lise aos 120 dpf da exposi??o ao dicl?rvos nas fases iniciais do desenvolvimento sobre as enzimas do sistema purin?rgico mostrou que este inseticida ? capaz de elevar a atividade da ecto-5?-nucleotidase e reduzir a atividade da ecto-ADA. Os resultados mostram que os agentes neurot?xicos, tais como Mn, dicl?rvos e tebuconazol t?m atua??o significativa sobre o comportamento do peixe-zebra em est?gio larval e adulto, al?m de afetar diferentes sistemas de neurotransmiss?o. Tais altera??es comportamentais podem estar associadas aos d?ficits observados nos mecanismos neuroqu?micos e moleculares investigados.

The Dannemora skarn iron ore deposit is located in the northeastern part of Bergslagen. The deposit has been mined from the 1400’s and stopped in 1992, the mine was reopen in 2012 and it will close in 2015. The Dannemora deposit is hosted by 1.9 Ga old sedimentary and volcanic rocks. The deposit consists of both manganese rich and manganese poor iron ore. The purpose of this study is to investigate the controlling factors for manganese content in both magnetite and surrounding silicate minerals, especially when garnets is present. Also the mineral assemblage and association with different host rocks lithologies shall be investigated. Petrographical and chemical studies indicate the occurrence of both calcic amphibole and Mg-Fe-Mn-Li type amphibole. The calcic amphibole is found in the majority of the samples and is dominant in manganese poor samples where as Mg-Fe-Mn-Li-type amphibole is more abundant in the manganese rich samples. Generally in the manganese rich samples garnet and epidote become more abundant, particularly if the sample is taken close to a volcanic section. / Skarn-järnmalmsfyndigheten i Dannemora är belägen i den nordöstra delen av Bergslagen. Järnmalm och mindre sulfidmineraliseringar har blivit brutna sedan 1400-talet. Gruvan stängde 1992 men togs i produktion igen under 2012. Gruvan stängs återigen under 2015. Fyndigheten är omgiven av 1.9 Ga gamla sedimentära och vulkaniska bergarter. Järnmalmsfyndigheten innehåller både manganrika och manganfattiga järnmalmer. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka varför fyndigheten har förhöjda halter av mangan. Förändringar av manganhalter och olika värdbergarter borde ge en annorlunda mineralsammansättning i de olika miljöerna. För att svara på dessa frågor skall både mikroskopiska och kemiska undersökningar göras för att bestämma och identifiera olika mineralogiska associationer. Petrografiska och kemiska studier indikerar två olika huvudtyper av amfiboler: kalciumhaltiga amfiboler och Mg-Fe-Mn-Li-amfiboler. Kalciumamfibolerna är generellt mer spridda i proverna medan Mg-Fe-Mn-Li-amfibolerna är mer koncentrerade till de mer manganrika sektionerna. När koncentrationen av mangan är högre blir granater och även epidot och olivin vanligare, speciellt närmare vulkaniska bergarter.

?rea de concentra??o: Qu?mica Anal?tica / Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2014-12-10T11:52:19Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Disserta??o Saimon Final.pdf: 1908777 bytes, checksum: 648b40c0f18a1ca3e51ec915751f4ad7 (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2014-12-10T13:00:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Disserta??o Saimon Final.pdf: 1908777 bytes, checksum: 648b40c0f18a1ca3e51ec915751f4ad7 (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2014-12-10T13:00:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Disserta??o Saimon Final.pdf: 1908777 bytes, checksum: 648b40c0f18a1ca3e51ec915751f4ad7 (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2014-12-12T17:52:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Disserta??o Saimon Final.pdf: 1908777 bytes, checksum: 648b40c0f18a1ca3e51ec915751f4ad7 (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-12T17:52:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Disserta??o Saimon Final.pdf: 1908777 bytes, checksum: 648b40c0f18a1ca3e51ec915751f4ad7 (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Item withdrawn by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2014-12-19T13:51:37Z Item was in collections: PPGQ - Mestrado em Qu?mica (Disserta??es) (ID: 150) No. of bitstreams: 3 Dissertacao_Saimon_Final.pdf: 1908777 bytes, checksum: 648b40c0f18a1ca3e51ec915751f4ad7 (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_Saimon_Final.pdf.txt: 148365 bytes, checksum: 0a99c3be8d2cda4ce737a53a561cf7a5 (MD5) / Item reinstated by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2014-12-19T13:53:14Z Item was in collections: PPGQ - Mestrado em Qu?mica (Disserta??es) (ID: 150) No. of bitstreams: 3 Dissertacao_Saimon_Final.pdf: 1908777 bytes, checksum: 648b40c0f18a1ca3e51ec915751f4ad7 (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_Saimon_Final.pdf.txt: 148365 bytes, checksum: 0a99c3be8d2cda4ce737a53a561cf7a5 (MD5) / O presente trabalho descreve o desenvolvimento de um sensor voltam?trico seletivo e sens?vel para a determina??o simult?nea de catecol (CC) e hidroquinona (HQ) usando um eletrodo de carbono v?treo (ECV) modificado com ftalocianina de mangan?s (MnPc) adsorvida sobre nanotubos de carbono de paredes m?ltiplas (NTCPM). O eletrodo modificado apresentou uma excelente atividade eletroqu?mica tanto para oxida??o quanto para a redu??o de CC e HQ. No ECV/NTCPM/MnPc tanto CC, quanto HQ podem gerar um par redox quase-revers?vel e picos bem definidos. Sob as condi??es experimentais e operacionais otimizadas, a corrente de pico cat?dica foi linear na faixa de 1,0 x 10-6 mol L-1 a 6,0 x 10-4 mol L-1 para ambos, CC e HQ, com limites de detec??o de 0,95 e 0,41 ?mol L-1, respectivamente. Adicionalmente, as correntes de pico an?dicas foram linear na faixa de 1,0 x 10-6 mol L-1 a 6,0 x 10-4 mol L-1 para ambos, CC e HQ, com limites de detec??o de 0,96 e 0,48 ?mol L-1, respectivamente. O m?todo proposto foi eficazmente aplicado na detec??o simult?nea de hidroquinona e catecol em amostras de ?gua. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Qu?mica, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2012. / ABSTRACT The present work describes the development of a selective and sensitive voltammetric sensor for catechol (CC) and hydroquinone (HQ) using a glassy carbon (GC) electrode modified with manganese phthalocyanine (MnPc) adsorbed on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). The modified electrode showed an excellent electrochemical activity towards the oxidations and reductions of CC and HQ. At the GC/MWCNT/MnPc electrode both CC and HQ can generate a pair of quasi-reversible and well-defined redox peaks. Under the optimized experimental and operational conditions, the cathodic peak current was linear over the 1.0 x 10-6 mol L-1 to 6.0 x 10-4 mol L-1 range for both CC and HQ, with detection limits of 0.95 and 0.41 ?mol L-1, respectively. In addition, anodic peak current were linear over the 1.0 x 10-6 mol L-1 range to 6.0 x 10-4 mol L-1 for both CC and HQ, with detection limits of 0.96 and 0.48 ?mol L-1, respectively. The proposed method was effectively applied to the simultaneous detection of hydroquinone and catechol in water samples.

The aim of this thesis is to determine the level of manganese content and its seasonal dynamics in selected herbs and trees species and invertebrates in the period 2011--2013. Trial sites were located in the highly manganese contaminated ecosystem in Krušné hory mountains. The flora and fauna samples were being collected on a monthly basis. The level of manganese was determined by the AAS method. The highest level of manganese was found in the blackberry bush (Rubus caesius L.) and the raspberry bush (Rubus idaeus L.). The larch (Larix decidua Mill.) and the mountain ash (Sorbus aucuparia L.) were the most contaminated tree species. Majority of plants accumulates manganese during the vegetative period. The invertebrates showed lower level of manganese content than plants. The highest level was found in millipedes (Diplopoda) and isopods (Oniscoidea). Despite the really high concentration of manganese in the enviroment, none of the plants and invertebrates showed symptoms of toxicosis.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:01:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaPCC_Restricao_total.pdf: 752303 bytes, checksum: 654aeb93235755a52cbaf1212dfece64 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-19 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / In this work is the addition of a metallic ion, of the metal Manganese, in a clay of Rio Grande do Norte state for structural ceramics use, the objective this study was to assess the evolution of ceramic properties. The clay was characterized by Chemical and Thermal analysis and Xray difraction. The metallic ion was added in the clay as aqueous solutions at concentrations of 100, 150 and 200 mg / L. The molded by extrusion and the burned were temperatures at 850, 950, 1050 and 1150 ? C. Was made Chemical Analysis and investigated the following parameters environmental and ceramic: Solubility, Colour, Linear Retraction (%), Water Absorption (%), Gresification Curves, Apparent Porosity (%), Apparent Specific Mass (g/cm3) and Flexion Rupture Module (kgf/cm2). The results showed that increasing the concentration of metallic ion, properties such as Apparent Porosity (%), Water Absorption (%) decreases and the Flexion Rupture Module (kgf/cm2) increases with increasing temperature independent of the concentration of the ion. The gresification curves showed that the optimum firing temperatures were in the range between 950 and 1050 ? C. The evaluation of the properties showed that the ceramic material can be studied its use in solid brick and ceramic materials with structural function of filling. The results of solubility showed that the addition of ion offers no risk to the environment / Neste trabalho estudou-se a adi??o de um ?on met?lico, Mangan?s bivalente, em uma argila do Rio Grande do Norte para uso em cer?mica estrutural, tendo como objetivo avaliar a evolu??o das propriedades cer?micas e ambientais. A argila foi caracterizada por An?lise Qu?mica (FRX) e Difratograma de Raios X (DRX). O ?on met?lico foi adicionado ? argila na forma de solu??es aquosas nas concentra??es de 100, 150 e 200 mg/L. A moldagem foi por extrus?o e a queima foi realizada nas temperaturas de 850, 950, 1050 e 1150 ?C respectivamente. Fez-se a An?lise Qu?mica de corpos queimados, e os ensaios ambientais de Solubilidade e cer?micos de Cor, Retra??o Linear (%), Absor??o de ?gua (%), Curvas de Gresifica??o, Porosidade Aparente (%), Massa Espec?fica Aparente (g/cm3) e Tens?o de Ruptura ? Flex?o (Kgf/cm2) para os corpos queimados. Os resultados mostraram que aumentando a concentra??o do ?on met?lico, propriedades como Porosidade Aparente (%), Absor??o de ?gua (%) diminuem e a Tens?o de Ruptura ? Flex?o (Kgf/cm2) cresce com o aumento da temperatura independente da concentra??o do ?on. As curvas de gresifica??o mostraram que as temperaturas ?timas de queima ficaram no intervalo compreendido entre 950 e 1050 ?C. A avalia??o das propriedades cer?micas demonstrou que o material estudado ? poss?vel seu uso em tijolo maci?o cer?mico e materiais com fun??o de preenchimento estrutural. Os resultados de solubilidade revelaram que a adi??o do ?on n?o oferece risco ao meio ambiente

Högåsens vattenverk som förser Nyköping och Oxelösunds tätorter med vatten använder sig av konstgjord grundvattenbildning. Verket har under en längre tid haft besvär med att producera önskad kvantitet dricksvatten. Kapaciteten begränsas av att ur marken pumpat vatten vid höga uttag innehåller järn- och manganhalter som överstiger lagstadgade gränsvärden. I förhoppning om att öka kapaciteten vid vattenverket borrades 2011 en ny grundvattenbrunn, benämnd V7. Kemiska analyser på vattnet från V7 i samband med provpumpning av brunnen visade dock på förhöjda halter järn, mangan samt COD Mn – kemisk syreförbrukning.För att utreda möjligheterna att använda V7 för dricksvattenproduktion samt komma till rätta med Högåsens mangan- och järnproblem utfördes på vatten från V7 ett pilotförsök, där syresättning och filtrering användes för att reducera halterna av järn och mangan i vattnet. Resultaten visar på att järnhalten reduceras effektivt, medan manganhalten ej förändras genom pilotanläggningen. Den kemiska syreförbrukningen i råvattnet från V7 är hög, vilket ger bilden av ett syrefattigt grundvattenmagasin som under lång tid belastats med syreförbrukande organiskt material. För att kunna använda grundvattenbrunn V7 för dricksvattenproduktion föreslås tillsats av ett starkare oxidationsmedel än syre, följt av en avskiljning av utfällda oxider. Alternativt föreslås en fällning och flockning samt sedimentation/flotation följt av filtrering av råvattnet från både ytvattentäkten och grundvattenbrunn.

No description available.

Prostatacancer är idag den vanligaste cancerformen i Sverige, och drygt 10 000 män årligen blir diagnosticerade med sjukdomen. En obotlig variant med dödlig utgång är kastrationsresistent prostatacancer som behandlas primärt med Docetaxel. Tumörcellerna utvecklar dock med tiden resistens mot cytostatikan, och det föreligger därför ett stort behov av att utveckla kombinationsbehandlingar med Docetaxel som grund. Mangan har i flera studier visat sig kunna inducera apoptos hos olika celltyper, och är därför intressant som ett möjligt komplement till Docetaxelbehandling. Syftet med studien var att analysera apoptos hos prostatacancerceller från cellinjen PC3 som exponerats för Docetaxel i kombination med mangan. Cellerna odlades och behandlades med Docetaxel i kombination med mangan under 24, 48 och 72 timmar. Analys av apoptos utfördes med flödescytometer efter infärgning med Annexin V och propidiumjodid. Beroende på cellernas tillstånd färgas de in i olika kombinationer och kan därmed detekteras som tidigt respektive sent apoptotiska, eller som nekrotiska. Resultaten visade på en ökning av apoptos hos kombinationsbehandlade celler, men ingen signifikant skillnad förelåg i jämförelse med obehandlade celler. Ytterligare försök bör därför upprepas med ökad koncentration av Docetaxel i kombination med olika koncentrationer av mangan, och även med andra prostatacancer cellinjer såsom DU145 och LnCaP. Dessutom bör analyser av apoptotiska markörer genomföras, i syfte att bekräfta apoptos.

The aim of the master thesis was to propose the reconstruction of the water treatment plant. I chose the water treatment plant in Čebín, which I have already describe with in the bachelor thesis. The water treatment plant has problems with increased iron, manganese and ammonium salts. In the first part I devoted myself to the current condition of the water treatment plant and the possibilities of removing the elements from the water. In the next chapter I compiled the equipment of the technological line. To remove iron and manganese, I suggested aeration using an injector, and for the removal of ammonium salts, potassium permanganate is used, which is used to regenerate the filters. A pair of pressure filters helps remove iron and manganese. In the last part of the thesis I described and evaluated the original condition of the water treatment plant. To evaluate the technical condition, I used the TEA Water web application.