A study was conducted in which a computerized battery of information processing tasks (called the COGLAB) was administered to three subject groups: patients with schizophrenia, patients with bipolar disorder, and normal controls. The tasks included Mueller-Lyer illusion, reaction time, size estimation, Wisconsin Card Sort, backward masking. and Asarnow Continuous Performance.

Bakgrund: Bipolär sjukdom är en livshotande sjukdom som karaktäriseras av hypomani, mani och depression som påverkar både personen själv och dennes anhöriga. Då sjukdomen inte kan botas riktas behandlingen mot att lindra symtomen. Problem: Bipolär sjukdom ger en komplexitet som kan vara svår för vårdpersonalen att hantera då förändringar i stämningslägena kan vara såväl subtilt som påfallande. Därav behöver vårdpersonalen kunskap för att kunna ge ett adekvat stöd. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva kvinnors upplevelser av att leva med bipolär sjukdom. Metod: Fem självbiografier analyserades med hjälp av kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: I resultatet framkom fyra kategorier och tretton underkategorier. Kvinnorna uttryckte att livet med bipolär sjukdom var som en känslomässig berg- och dalbana där stämningslägena var uppe eller nere, vilket gjorde livet svårt att hantera och svårt att skapa en identitet. Vidare beskrevs relationernas inverkan på kvinnorna. Slutligen beskrevs vardagen med bipolär sjukdom som kantades av kontrollförlust, bristande konsekvenstänk samt strategier för att hantera sjukdomen. Slutsats: Att leva med bipolär sjukdom är som att leva i en känslomässig berg- och dalbana. Sjukdomen kan leda till problem med identitetsskapande. Personens interaktion med omgivningen påverkas och det kan uppkomma problem med att hantera vardagen. / Background: Bipolar disorder is a life-threatening disease characterized by hypomania, mania and depression, which influences both the affected as well as the relatives. The disease cannot be cured and the treatment therefore aims to ease the suffering. Problem: Bipolar disorder gives a complexity that can be difficult for health professionals to handle as the changes in mood can be both subtle as striking. The health professionals need knowledge to be able to provide adequate support. Purpose: The purpose is to describe women’s experiences to live with bipolar disorder. Method: Five autobiogrophies were analyzed with a qualitative content analysis. Result: The result gave four categories and thirteen subcategories. The examined women expressed that living with a bipolar disorder were like an emotional rollercoaster. Their mood were either up or down, which made their life hard to handle and to form an identity. At last, aspects of relationships and the everyday life was described. Conclusion: To live with bipolar disorder is like living in an emotional rollercoaster. The disease can lead to problems in creating an identity. People’s interaction with the surrounding environment is affected and problems with handling the every day life. Keywords

Au, Wing Cheong. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 114-148). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract also in Chinese; some appendixes in Chinese.

Thesis (M.S.W.)--Smith College School for Social Work, Northampton, Mass., 2007 / Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment for the degree of Master of Social Work. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 65-67).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Tufts University, 2002. / Adviser: Robin Kanarek. Submitted to the Dept. of Psychology. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 125-134). Access restricted to members of the Tufts University community. Also available via the World Wide Web;

Tez (Tıpta Uzmanlık) - Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi, Psikiyatri Anabilim Dalı, 2005. / Bibliyografya var.

Dissertation (Ph.D.)--The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 2009. / Directed by Susan Letvak; submitted to the Dept. of Nursing. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed May 11, 2010). Includes bibliographical references (p. 135-153).

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The experience of mental disorders while part of humanity, reveal inequities that are inhumane due to a lack of quality clinical service provisions globally. In Haiti, a formalized mental healthcare infrastructure developed after the 2010 earthquake where emerging dissemination and implementation studies demonstrated the potential for treatment utilization within recently established primary care. Partners in Health (PIH) and Zanmi Lasante (ZL) the frontline healthcare team have coordinated with the Haitian Ministry of Health to lead this initiative. A community-based mental healthcare system has proven to be sustainable through a task-sharing model, which delivers mental healthcare for common mental disorders (CMDs), severe mental disorders (SMDs), and neurological conditions (NCs)–with specific care pathways for major depression, psychotic disorders, and epilepsy. The extent to which patient mental healthcare are evaluated in lower-middle income countries (LMICs) like Haiti, however, have been limited. The primary aim of this study was to therefore evaluate patterns of mental disorders and to assess current patient care priorities in Haiti. The present study, builds upon previous literature by examining the continuum of mental disorders. A latent class analysis provides a data-driven approach to examine features of mental disorders to inform clinical treatment and best practices. EHR data from PIH and ZL were obtained from patients (N=914) who met criterion for a primary diagnosis and had completed mental health evaluations that were assessed at 13 sites in Haiti from 2016-2018. Known characteristics of mental disorders include the patient’s primary diagnosis, mood symptoms such as depression and suicidality, and the level of functional impairment. Accordingly, each were included as an LCA model indicator. Post-hoc multinomial logistic regression (MLR) models predicted mental health class selection and correlates based on the descriptive and clinical symptom variables. Results suggested there are six distinct mental health subgroups, that were distinguished by functional impairment: class 1a “common mental disorders– none to low functional impairment” (11.5%), class 2a “severe mental disorders–none to low functional impairment” (4.9%), class 3a “neurological conditions–none to low functional impairment” (11.1%), class 4b “common mental disorders–high functional impairment” (38.62%), class 5b “severe mental disorders–high functional impairment” (13.02%), and class 6b “neurological conditions–high functional impairment” (20.9%). MLR model 1 revealed CMDs were 2–3 times more likely female and received psychosocial interventions more often, and by comparison SMDs and NCs typically received psychiatric medication. MLR model 2 included patient’s clinical symptoms, that suggested severe CMDs with high functional impairment were somewhat more likely depressed when compared to other LCA subgroups. Although, in all likelihood this finding was probably attributed to CMDs including mild to severe forms of major depression, whereas SMDs were mostly psychotic disorder and bipolar disorder. Taken together, the most frequent primary diagnosis included: 1) major depressive disorder (60.3%) and generalized anxiety disorder (27.2%) for CMDs, 2) psychotic spectrum disorders (47.6%) and bipolar disorder (23.7%) for SMDs, and 3) epilepsy (88.8%) for NCs. Patients were infrequently diagnosed with co-occurring psychological disorders. The varied mental health disorder subgroups that participated in psychotherapy and psychiatric medication management, demonstrate such mental health treatments for Haitian’s are feasible and acceptable. While the present analysis was exploratory, LCA provides potential tools for treatment specification and best practices. The WHODAS, a measure of functional impairment, may be useful as a screening tool for triage, and primary outcome to determine patient improvement. Mental healthcare pathways based on results should expand to include women’s mental health and bipolar disorder. These findings are generalizable due to the data being from a community sample and directly from EHRs with inclusion criterion that was not limited by diagnostic specification, symptom severity, or co–occurring disorders. Overall, there is a vast need for mental health services that are broadly accessible for CMDs, SMDs, and NCs. This study highlights, specific clinical training and supervision needs, and the necessity for increased nursing, psychiatry, and neurology collaboration in Haiti. There is hope that healthcare expansion will strengthen and continue to empower communities in Haiti.

Bipolar disorder is characterized by disruptions in mood and affect that occur not only during mood episodes, but during euthymic periods as well. At the same time, sensitivity of the behavioral activation system (BAS) has been implicated in the disorder and is a risk marker for it. Less clear is the relationship between BAS sensitivity and positive affect, particularly lower level facets of positive affect. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between positive affect and vulnerability for mania as assessed using BAS sensitivity. Specifically, the link between daily levels and fluctuations of positive affect and baseline BAS sensitivity was examined. Following the hierarchical model of affect, this study also assessed the relationship between BAS sensitivity and the distinct facets of positive affect. Finally, this study examined whether BAS sensitivity moderates associations between daily rewards and positive affect. Undergraduates (N = 265) from a large university in the South were recruited to complete measures of BAS sensitivity, affect, and mood symptoms at baseline. Using ecological momentary assessment (EMA), participants completed daily surveys assessing affect and engagement with rewarding situations. An exploratory factory analysis revealed a four factor structure of positive affect, consisting of Serenity, Joviality, Attentiveness, and Self-Assurance. Greater daily levels of overall positive affect, as well as the lower order facets of Joviality, Self-Assurance, and Attentiveness, were predicted by heightened BAS sensitivity. In contrast, the facet of Serenity demonstrated minimal associations with BAS sensitivity. The study findings support a multi-faceted structure of positive affect and suggest that certain facets may be more closely related to risk for bipolar disorder. Specifically, Joviality and Self-Assurance may represent maladaptive forms of positive affect, whereas Serenity may function as a protective element against bipolar disorder.