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Tuberculosis prevention, diagnosis, and care in Manitoba, 2008-2010: a performance analysisBasham, C. Andrew 13 January 2016 (has links)
A cross-sectional study of Manitoba TB Registry data was conducted using a set of performance measures based on the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention TB
Performance Objectives and Targets framework. The study investigated all cases of TB diagnosed in Manitoba during the period of 2008 to 2010 (inclusive), and their contacts. Seven performance measures (PMs) were analyzed: treatment completion/cure, early diagnosis, HIV testing/reporting, paediatric cases, re-treatment cases, contact elicitation, and contact assessment. Ethnic-origin, age, sex, geographic, and treatment history groups were compared on these PMs through log-binomial and robust Poisson regression analyses, implemented through a generalized estimating equations (GEE) modelling approach. An updated epidemiological profile is provided, along with a baseline of performance in TB prevention, diagnosis, and care in Manitoba. Significant differences were found between Manitoba sub-populations in the PMs. The PM framework developed in this study provided valuable information for TB program planning and evaluation. / February 2016
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Celebrating Ethnicity: The Icelanders of ManitobaBrydon , Anne 05 1900 (has links)
Using data collected in the Icelandic community of Manitoba in the summer of 1985, this thesis outlines an alternative approach to the understanding of ethnicity in North America through analysis of the Icelandic Festival held each summer in Gimli, Manitoba. The Festival provides an entree through which the dynamics of the production, reproduction and transformation of West Icelandic identity are revealed.
It is argued that when ethnic identity is conceived as being resident in the possession of particular attributes or characteristics, change becomes a threat to the continued existence of the ethnic group. As defined in this thesis, ethnic identity is an ideological representation of social relations which is contextualized in a particular historic formation. It involves a constant negotiation of the symbolic representation of identity through social interaction, and is contingent upon the consequences of these actions. Change, therefore, is a normal process of ethnicity which does not necessarily end in assimilation. Though the content of identity changes according to changing circumstances, it must retain the appearance of an "authentic" representation of the past. The Festival is a location of the political
negotiation of Icelandic identity, as seen in the debates which exist in the community regarding the relevance of its Icelandic cultural content. It is argued that, while the Festival continues to address a public image of how the organizers believe the community should be perceived by the larger society, it is also a time when a private celebration takes place. This latter aspect of the Festival is where the perpetuation of the meaningfulness of
Icelandic identity occurs. It is contained within the family reunions which take place during the Festival and the return to a sense of the past which is linked to a shared West Icelandic history. / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA)
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Factors Affecting Evaporation from a Subarctic Tundra, Churchill, ManitobaDobson, Monika M. 04 1900 (has links)
<p> Evaporation was calculated for a subarctic beach ridge, near Churchill, Manitoba, using the energy balance approach. Energy balance calculations for the measurement season revealed an average Bowen ratio, β, of 0.68, with a value of 1.00 representing α' (the evaporability parameter). Fifty-seven percent of the net radiation was utilized by the evaporative heat flux over this tundra surface. Regressions were used to determine the most likely combination of environmental variables responsible for the behaviour of evaporation. Surface soil moisture remained relatively constant throughout the summer measurement period and soil temperatures appeared to be unrelated to evaporation. Air temperature proved to be insignificant to the evaporation flux, and net radiation alone could only account for 54% of the variability. The combination of the net radiation and the wet and dry bulb temperature depression at 1 m accounted for 88% of the variability of the evaoorative heat flux. The mean α' for a site is assumed to be controlled by the surface type in simplified variations of the combination model. The conclusion has been drawn from this study that the variability of α' can be accounted for by variable atmospheric humidities as well as net radiation. The importance of this atmospheric control on the rate of evaporation is emphasized.</p> / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)
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Isotopic Studies of the Groundwaters and their Host Rocks and Minerals from the Underground Research Laboratory (URL), Pinawa, Manitoba, CanadaLi, Wangxing 05 1900 (has links)
<p> This is a study of the groundwaters and their associated rocks and minerals from the Lac du Bonnet batholith at the Underground Research Laboratory (URL), Pinawa, Manitoba, to assess the water-rock interaction in crystalline rocks by using Sr, O and U-series isotopes. Emphasis is also placed on the development of the analytical techniques.</p> <p> A high precision analytical technique of U-series isotopes has been developed in this study by using solid-source mass spectrometry. A precision of better than 1% (2σ) is achieved in determining the 234U/238U and 230Th/234U ratios using 10^-8 g of U and 10^-11 g of 230Th. The potential applications of this method is demonstrated by dating small speleothem samples and the results agree well with those of α-spectrometry. This method also applies well
to precise determination of the 234U/238U ratios in groundwaters and igneous rocks and minerals using small quantities of samples. However, precise measurements of 230Th in igneous rocks and minerals are limited by the large 232Th tail in the Th mass spectrum. Even better precision is achievable if pure Th spike is used.</p> <p> An ICP-MS isotope dilution method is also developed for fast and precise determination of Sr concentrations in groundwater samples. A precision of 1% is routinely achieved by taking into account the dead-time effect of the Channel Electron Multiplier (CEM) and the sample-to-spike ratios.</p> <p> The isotope results of both the groundwaters and the host rocks and minerals have revealed the processes of water-rock interaction and water mixing through the history of the batholith. Strontium isotope systematics of the rocks and their constituent minerals have shown that Sr loss occurred on whole-rock scale during both the high-temperature alteration (about 2300 Ma ago) and the low-temperature alteration which lasted at least 450 Ma. The Sr loss is most pronounced in plagioclase of altered samples. Uranium-series results indicate the disequilibrium of both whole-rock samples and minerals, and migration of U on whole-rock scale in, at least, the last million years.</p> <p> The Sr and O isotopic results have shown that the groundwaters from the three sub-horizontal, successively deeper fracture zones (FZ) have distinct isotopic signature: 87Sr/86Sr= 0.715 to 0.719 and 𝛿18O=-13o/oo for FZ-3; 87Sr/86Sr= 0.720 to 0.729 and 𝛿18O=-13 to -20o/oo for FZ-2; 87Sr/86Sr= 0.730 to 0.738 and 𝛿18O=-13 to -17o/oo for FZ-1. Uranium-series results show that all the groundwaters are highly enriched in 234U and the 234U/238U activity ratios range from 2.6 to 7.7. Mixing of three groundwaters is indicated by the Sr and O isotopes and the elemental chemistry. The three end-members are fresh surface water, the deep fresh (possibly glacial melt) groundwater and the deep saline groundwater.</p> <p> Comparison between the rocks and associated groundwaters shows that Sr isotopic equilibrium exists between plagioclase of altered samples and the groundwaters. This similarity indicates the vulnerable mineral phase control, such as plagioclase in this case, of the isotopic signatures, hence, chemistry of the groundwaters.</p> / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)
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Differences in the Experience of the 1918-1919 Influenza Pandemic at Norway House and Fisher River, Manitoba / 1918-1919 Influenza Pandemic at Norway House and Fisher River, ManitobaSlonim, Karen 09 1900 (has links)
This thesis discusses the impact of the 1918 influenza pandemic at Norway House and Fisher River, Manitoba. Despite sharing similar overall mortality rates during the pandemic, the two communities showed substantial differences when the distribution of deaths are examined at the family level. Reconstituted family data show that deaths were more tightly clustered within a small number of families at Norway House, while at Fisher River they were distributed amongst more families. Adults perished more often at Norway House than Fisher River. Historical documentation suggests, moreover, that the day-to-day functioning of Norway House was more severely disrupted than was the case for Fisher River. I argue that the differences in the family distribution of mortality at the two communities is linked to differences in social organization and, specifically, to the presence or absence of the Hudson's Bay Company. To test this hypotheses the data are examined using aggregate techniques, reconstituted family data and a technique outlined in Scott and Duncan's 2001 work. / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA)
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La qualité de vie des personnes âgées immigrantes d'origine africaine (PAIA) au Manitoba : étude visant à décrire leurs besoins et expérience relatifs à leur intégration socioéconomique, 5 à 10 ans après leur arrivée au CanadaDaniella Joe, Josué Christa 24 April 2018 (has links)
Cette étude qualitative phénoménologique décrit l’expérience vécue et les besoins relatifs à l'intégration socioéconomique des six aînés immigrants d’origine africaine (55 ans et plus) vivant au Manitoba depuis 5 à 10 ans. Le bien-être subjectif, tel que definit par la perception des immigrés pour leur qualité de vie, leur satisfaction avec la vie et leur état émotionnel, ont servi comme un indicateur général de l'intégration socioéconomique. La littérature a démontré que les personnes âgées immigrantes éprouvaient des problèmes particuliers dans leur intégration socioéconomique. Elle rapporte aussi des disproportions significatives entre les besoins des personnes âgées immigrantes et les services qu’elles reçoivent. En utilisant une combinaison de l'approche théorique des déterminants sociaux de la santé et de la théorie de l'inclusion socioéconomique comme cadre conceptuel, cette étude qualitative analyse comment l'intégration socioéconomique inadéquate et les politiques de retraite d'État imposent à cette catégorie d'immigrants de vivre dans la pauvreté, ce qui affecte leur qualite de vie. Afin de mettre en évidence les particularités spécifiques des besoins des PAIA, nous avons cerné leur expérience, leurs préoccupations, leurs attentes et leur niveau de satisfaction en rapport avec les services d’intégration socioéconomique qui leur sont offerts. Les résultats de cette étude indiquent que ces immigrés sont impuissants et sont opprimés dans presque chaque interaction qu'ils ont au sein de la sphère publique ou le marché du travail et la sphère privée tels que les modes de vie. Ces résultats montrent aussi que la situation du statut socioéconomique se répercute et influence les autres déterminants de la santé. Par conséquent, leur pauvreté est bien au-delà de leur contrôle personnel. Elle est fortement liée à l'injustice de la structure sociale fondée sur la classe, la race, le statut d'immigrant, l’âge et les politiques de l'État. Mots clés : intégration socioéconomique, qualité de vie, statut socioéconomique, personnes âgées immigrantes, bien-être subjectif, pauvreté des immigrants. / This study explores and describes the lived experience and the needs relating to the socioeconomic integration of the six elderly immigrants of African origin (55 years old and over) living in Manitoba since 5 to 10 years. The subjective well-being as measured by the immigrants’ perception of the quality of life, satisfaction with life and emotional state, served as a general indicator of the socioeconomic integration. The litterature has demontrated that the eldely immigrants are experiencing particular problems during their socioeconomic integration.It also reported significant disproportion between the needs of the eldrly immigrants and the services they receive. Using a combination of the theory of socioeconomic inclusion and the theoretical approach of the social determinants of health as the framework, this study analyzes how the inadequate socioeconomic integration and the state’s pension policies impose this category of immigrants to live in poverty, that affects their quality of life. Finally to highlight the specific features of the needs of the africans immigrants seniors, we identified their experience, their concerns, their expectations and their level of satisfaction in relation to socioeconomic integration services that are available to them. The findings of this study indicate that these immigrants are powerless and are oppressed in almost every interaction that they have within the public sphere, the labour market and the private sphere such as living conditions. These results also show that the situation of the socioeconomic status is reflected and influence on the other determinants of health. Therefore, their poverty is far beyond their personal control. It is strongly associated with social structure injustice based on class, race, immigrant status, age, and state policies. Key words: socioeconomic integration, quality of life, socioeconomic status, lifestyle, elderly immigrant, subjective well-being, immigrants’ poverty.
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Autonomous aboriginal criminal justice and the Charter of RightsJohnston, William Wayne 05 1900 (has links)
The imminent recognition of an inherent Aboriginal right to selfgovernment
signals the beginning of the reversal of a colonization process
which threatened the cultural survival of a people. The Report of the Aboriginal
Justice Inquiry of Manitoba , hereinafter referred to as the Inquiry, advocates an
autonomous Aboriginal criminal justice system as a significant component of
this cultural revitalization. This Aboriginal criminal justice system would differ
markedly from the conventional system in giving priority to collective rights over
conflicting individual rights. The Inquiry rejects the Charter as alien to Aboriginal
values and advocates a “tailor-made” Aboriginal charter that would incorporate
“only those fundamental freedoms and civil liberties that do not violate the
beliefs and paramount collective rights of the Aboriginal peoples.”
The conventional justice system’s paramount concern for individual
rights is premised on the potential of punishment. The Inquiry’s starkly
contrasting paramount emphasis on collective rights is premised on an
Aboriginal view of justice which this thesis refers to as the “harmony ethos”:
The underlying philosophy in Aboriginal societies in
dealing with crime was the resolution of disputes, the
healing of wounds and the restoration of social
harmony… Atonement and restoration of harmony
were the goals - not punishment.
The tension between individual and collective rights apparent in the
proposal of the Inquiry is the specific focus of this thesis. The colonization
process may justify a separate Aboriginal justice system. However, the harmony
ethos premise, while appropriate to the mediation-reconciliation communitarian
model of justice advocated by the Inquiry, blinds the Inquiry to the additional,
and crucially different, adjudicative-rights imperatives of the contemporary
Aboriginal society.
Actually existing Indianism reveals conflict-generating fault lines in the
harmony premise which challenge the sufficiency of the Inquiry’s group-based justice paradigm and indicate a need and desire for an adjudication justice
component and concomitant Charter values.
This adjudication hiatus in the Inquiry position is a reflection of a similar
void in historical Aboriginal justice which challenges the asserted rationale of
cultural survival for the paramountcy of collective rights in the contemporary
Aboriginal justice system. This historical adjudication hiatus does not preclude
a separate Aboriginal justice system, but favours the inclusion of Charter values
to strengthen an adjudication cultural foundation which is frail relative to its
reconciliation-mediation strength.
This thesis is a modest attempt to address the interface between two
systems; one mature, but in need of change, the other, fledging and in need of
assistance. The Charter provides a ready and flexible framework to join the
Aboriginal community both to the larger society and to the unlanded Aboriginal
diaspora by principled standards of justice. These fundamental indicia of
fairness, recognized by all civilized self-governing units, constitute no significant
threat to the cultural survival of the Aboriginal mediation justice heritage, while
buttressing its inherent adjudication frailty.
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Autonomous aboriginal criminal justice and the Charter of RightsJohnston, William Wayne 05 1900 (has links)
The imminent recognition of an inherent Aboriginal right to selfgovernment
signals the beginning of the reversal of a colonization process
which threatened the cultural survival of a people. The Report of the Aboriginal
Justice Inquiry of Manitoba , hereinafter referred to as the Inquiry, advocates an
autonomous Aboriginal criminal justice system as a significant component of
this cultural revitalization. This Aboriginal criminal justice system would differ
markedly from the conventional system in giving priority to collective rights over
conflicting individual rights. The Inquiry rejects the Charter as alien to Aboriginal
values and advocates a “tailor-made” Aboriginal charter that would incorporate
“only those fundamental freedoms and civil liberties that do not violate the
beliefs and paramount collective rights of the Aboriginal peoples.”
The conventional justice system’s paramount concern for individual
rights is premised on the potential of punishment. The Inquiry’s starkly
contrasting paramount emphasis on collective rights is premised on an
Aboriginal view of justice which this thesis refers to as the “harmony ethos”:
The underlying philosophy in Aboriginal societies in
dealing with crime was the resolution of disputes, the
healing of wounds and the restoration of social
harmony… Atonement and restoration of harmony
were the goals - not punishment.
The tension between individual and collective rights apparent in the
proposal of the Inquiry is the specific focus of this thesis. The colonization
process may justify a separate Aboriginal justice system. However, the harmony
ethos premise, while appropriate to the mediation-reconciliation communitarian
model of justice advocated by the Inquiry, blinds the Inquiry to the additional,
and crucially different, adjudicative-rights imperatives of the contemporary
Aboriginal society.
Actually existing Indianism reveals conflict-generating fault lines in the
harmony premise which challenge the sufficiency of the Inquiry’s group-based justice paradigm and indicate a need and desire for an adjudication justice
component and concomitant Charter values.
This adjudication hiatus in the Inquiry position is a reflection of a similar
void in historical Aboriginal justice which challenges the asserted rationale of
cultural survival for the paramountcy of collective rights in the contemporary
Aboriginal justice system. This historical adjudication hiatus does not preclude
a separate Aboriginal justice system, but favours the inclusion of Charter values
to strengthen an adjudication cultural foundation which is frail relative to its
reconciliation-mediation strength.
This thesis is a modest attempt to address the interface between two
systems; one mature, but in need of change, the other, fledging and in need of
assistance. The Charter provides a ready and flexible framework to join the
Aboriginal community both to the larger society and to the unlanded Aboriginal
diaspora by principled standards of justice. These fundamental indicia of
fairness, recognized by all civilized self-governing units, constitute no significant
threat to the cultural survival of the Aboriginal mediation justice heritage, while
buttressing its inherent adjudication frailty. / Law, Peter A. Allard School of / Graduate
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Learning to be proud : First Nations women’s stories of learning, teaching, art and cultureMiller, Lorrie 11 1900 (has links)
Six First Nations women artists tell their stories about
learning their art and culture. Previous research has paid
little attention to the learning experiences of First Nation
women artists. Ethnographic research methods were used in
this qualitative study. Field research included video and
audio recorded intensive open-ended interviews with three
Coastal Salish women from Sechelt, British Columbia, and
three Cree women from Pukatawagan, Manitoba, as they tel l how
essential learning and teaching, art and culture are to them,
their children and their communities.
This study shows that there is a need for curricular
reform and teacher education reform so that the school
experiences for First Nations students will reflect and be
sensitive to their histories, traditions and overall cultural
identities. From testimonies presented in this thesis, it is
evident that effective teaching of relevant cultural art
content that results in meaningful learning leads to
increased self knowledge, confidence and pride.
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Learning to be proud : First Nations women’s stories of learning, teaching, art and cultureMiller, Lorrie 11 1900 (has links)
Six First Nations women artists tell their stories about
learning their art and culture. Previous research has paid
little attention to the learning experiences of First Nation
women artists. Ethnographic research methods were used in
this qualitative study. Field research included video and
audio recorded intensive open-ended interviews with three
Coastal Salish women from Sechelt, British Columbia, and
three Cree women from Pukatawagan, Manitoba, as they tel l how
essential learning and teaching, art and culture are to them,
their children and their communities.
This study shows that there is a need for curricular
reform and teacher education reform so that the school
experiences for First Nations students will reflect and be
sensitive to their histories, traditions and overall cultural
identities. From testimonies presented in this thesis, it is
evident that effective teaching of relevant cultural art
content that results in meaningful learning leads to
increased self knowledge, confidence and pride. / Education, Faculty of / Curriculum and Pedagogy (EDCP), Department of / Graduate
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