L'objectif de cette recherche est de construire un modèle réduit de petite dimension pour prévoir les réponses dynamiques dans une bande BF sur les parties rigides d'un véhicule automobile complet. Un tel modèle réduit "léger" est une aide à la phase de conception en "Avant Projet" de ces véhicules qui ont la particularité de présenter de nombreux modes élastiques locaux en BF dues à la présence de nombreuses parties flexibles et d'équipements. Pour la construction du modèle réduit, nous avons introduit une base non usuelle de l'espace admissible des déplacements globaux. La construction de cette base requiert la décomposition en sous-domaines du domaine de la structure qui peut présenter une très grande complexité géométrique et dont les modèles EF font intervenir de très nombreux types d'éléments finis. Cette décomposition en sous-domaines a été réalisée par la Fast Marching Method que nous avons due étendre pour pouvoir traiter la complexité des modèles EF des véhicules automobiles. Puis les équations matricielles du modèle EF sont projetées sur cette base. Afin de prendre en compte les incertitudes sur les paramètres du modèle, les incertitudes de modèle induites par les erreurs de modélisation et enfin les incertitudes liées à la non prise en compte des contributions locales dans le modèle réduit des déplacements globaux, un unique modèle probabiliste non paramétrique de ces trois sources d'incertitude a été implémenté sur le modèle réduit construit avec les vecteurs propres globaux. Les paramètres de dispersion de ce modèle probabiliste ont été identifiés en utilisant le principe du maximum de vraisemblance et des réponses obtenues à l'aide d'un modèle stochastique de référence qui inclut des informations expérimentales résultant de travaux précédents. Le modèle réduit stochastique, pour la prévision des déplacements globaux sur les parties rigides dans la bande BF qui a été développé, a été validé sur un modèle de structure automobile "nue" puis a été appliqué avec succès sur un modèle complet de véhicule automobile

Aquesta tesi proposa una estructura de dades per emmagatzemar imatges tridimensionals. L'estructura da dades té forma d'arbre i codifica les components connexes dels conjunts de nivell de la imatge. Aquesta estructura és la eina bàsica per moltes aplicacions proposades: operadors morfològics tridimensionals, visualització d'imatges mèdiques, anàlisi d'histogrames de color, seguiment d'objectes en vídeo i detecció de vores. Motivada pel problema de la completació de vores, la tesi conté un estudi de com l'eliminació de soroll mitjançant variació total anisòtropa es pot fer servir per calcular conjunts de Cheeger en mètriques anisòtropes. Aquests conjunts de Cheeger anisòtrops es poden utilitzar per trobar òptims globals d'alguns funcionals per completar vores. També estan relacionats amb certs invariants afins que s'utilitzen en reconeixement d'objectes, i en la tesi s'explicita aquesta relació. / This thesis proposes a tree data structure to encode the connected components of level sets of 3D images. This data structure is applied as a main tool in several proposed applications: 3D morphological operators, medical image visualization, analysis of color histograms, object tracking in videos and edge detection. Motivated by the problem of edge linking, the thesis contains also an study of anisotropic total variation denoising as a tool for computing anisotropic Cheeger sets. These anisotropic Cheeger sets can be used to find global optima of a class of edge linking functionals. They are also related to some affine invariant descriptors which are used in object recognition, and this relationship is laid out explicitly.

To aid diagnosis, treatment planning, and patient education, clinicians require tools to anal- yse and explore the increasingly large three-dimensional (3-D) datasets generated by modern medical scanners. Direct volume rendering is one such tool finding favour with radiologists and surgeons for its photorealistic representation. More recently, volume illustration — or non-photorealistic rendering (NPR) — has begun to move beyond the mere depiction of data, borrowing concepts from illustrators to visually enhance desired information and suppress un- wanted clutter. Direct volume rendering generates images by accumulating pixel values along rays cast into a 3-D image. Transfer functions allow users to interactively assign material properties such as colour and opacity (a process known as classification). To achieve real-time framerates, the rendering must be accelerated using a technique such as 3-D texture mapping on commod- ity graphics processing units (GPUs). Unfortunately, current methods do not allow users to intuitively enhance regions of interest or suppress occluding structures. Furthermore, addi- tional scalar images describing clinically relevant measures have not been integrated into the direct rendering method. These tasks are essential for the effective exploration, analysis, and presentation of 3-D images. This body of work seeks to address the aforementioned limitations. First, to facilitate the research program, a flexible architecture for prototyping volume illustration methods is pro- posed. This program unifies a number of existing techniques into a single framework based on 3-D texture mapping, while also providing for the rapid experimentation of novel methods. Next, the prototyping environment is employed to improve an existing method—called tagged volume rendering — which restricts transfer functions to given spatial regions using a number of binary segmentations (tags). An efficient method for implementing binary tagged volume rendering is presented, along with various technical considerations for improving the classifi- cation. Finally, the concept of greyscale tags is proposed, leading to a number of novel volume visualisation techniques including position modulated classification and dynamic exploration. The novel methods proposed in this work are generic and can be employed to solve a wide range of problems. However, to demonstrate their usefulness, they are applied to a specific case study. Ischaemic heart disease, caused by narrowed coronary arteries, is a leading healthconcern in many countries including Australia. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) is an imaging modality which has the potential to allow clinicians to visualise diseased coronary arteries in their natural 3-D environment. To apply tagged volume rendering for this case study, an active contour method and minimal path extraction technique are proposed to segment the heart and arteries respectively. The resultant images provide new insight and possibilities for diagnosing and treating ischaemic heart disease.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:52:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Arquivototal.pdf: 8670792 bytes, checksum: 4d5805610fe2d9f6e7fb88673440e65b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-16 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This research aims to investigate the processo f learning and teaching of Augusto dos Anjos Marching Band, named after the school it belongs to, Escola Municipal de Ensino Fundamental Augusto dos Anjos, located at Cristo Redentor, João Pessoa, capital of Paraíba. The specific objectives of this research are to identify the musical education of the teachers and the conditions of the band concerning the physical structure and the instuments. It also aimed to observe the repertoire and the methodology of teaching that served to the analysis of the pedagogical proposal. Having these, and other observations, it was possible to understand the role that the band plays in the school and to investigate whether teaching music can contribute to the professionalization of the members of the band. The method used to obtain the results of this study was field research, observing the activities of the band; practical and theoretical classes; rehearsals; the shows; the parades and championships and a survey with semi structured interviews and videos. The investigation had its fundaments on readings concerning Musical Education, Arts and related subjects. Having as basis the conceptions and principles of Musical Education, it was possible to state that the teaching on the band has limitations that need to be overcome to provide an effective music teaching. On the other hand, the musical teaching provided contributed in many ways to the students formation, promoting the experience with music, through learning to play an instrument, playing in group, championships and being an influence on leading these instrumentalists to pursue a career as a professional musician. / Este trabalho tem como principal objetivo investigar os processos de ensino-aprendizagem da Banda Marcial Augusto dos Anjos, nome que representa a escola à qual pertence, a Escola Municipal de Ensino Fundamental Augusto dos Anjos, localizada no bairro do Cristo Redentor, na cidade de João Pessoa, capital da Paraíba. Os objetivos específicos da pesquisa foram identificar a formação musical dos docentes e as condições da banda no que se refere ao espaço físico e instrumental. Visou ainda a observação do repertório e da metodologia de ensino que serviram para a análise da proposta pedagógica. Com estas e demais observações, foi possível compreender a função que a banda assume para a escola e investigar se o ensino de música contribui para a profissionalização dos integrantes. O método utilizado para obtenção dos resultados deste estudo foi por meio da pesquisa de campo, ao observar os processos de atividades da banda; as aulas práticas e teóricas; os ensaios; as apresentações; os desfiles cívicos e os campeonatos; além da realização de um questionário, entrevistas semi estruturadas e registros em vídeo. A investigação foi fundamentada levando em consideração leituras bibliográficas que contemplaram produções da área de Educação Musical, Arte e áreas afins. Com base nas concepções e princípios da Educação Musical, foi possível constatar que o ensino de música desenvolvido na banda apresenta limitações que precisam ser superadas para garantir um ensino de música eficaz. Em contrapartida, o ensino musical proporcionado pela banda marcial tem possibilitado significativas contribuições para a formação do estudante, ao promover o contato experiencial com a música, através do aprendizado do instrumento musical, do tocar em grupo, da participação em campeonatos, e ao influenciar instrumentistas a seguirem carreira profissional na área musical.

Spel idag kräver en enorm mängd arbetstimmar för att skapas, därför behövs alltid sätt att spara tid och automatisera processer. Algoritmer för polygoniseringen av skalärfält, som Marching Cubes, har under de senaste åren blivit ett allt vanligare tillvägagångssätt för att automatiskt generera terräng. Scenkomplexiteten och kraven för visuell kvalitet i dagens spel ökar ständigt. Därmed kommer också kravet för prestandaeffektiva renderingsmetoder. Deferred rendering är en renderingsmetod som kan hantera scener med stora mängder ljuskällor och hög scenkomplexitet samtidigt. För att undersöka integreringen mellan procedurellt skapad terräng och en deferred rendering pipeline, skapades en applikation i DirectX 11 för att undersöka implementeringen och potentiella optimeringar av denna integration. / Detta projekt handlar om slumpmässig procedurell skapning av digital terräng för bruk inom datorspel, och hur man i denna kontext kan ta nytta av en grafikmotor som använder renderingstekniken deferred rendering. / Carl Engström can be reached at: Phone: 076-102 86 00 Mail: Lemmibl@gmail.com Felix Nawrin Oxing can be reached at: Mail: felix@nawrin-oxing.se

Particle simulations in real-time become reality only a few years before, when in computer science occured the idea of GPGPU. This new technology allows use the massive force of graphics card for general purposes. Today, the trend is to accelerate existing algorithms by rewriting into parallel form. On this priciple operate the particle systems too. An interesting area of particle systems are fluid simulations. The simulations are based on the theory of Navier-Stokes equations and their numerical solutions with SPH (Smoothed particle hydrodynamics). Liquids are part of everyday life, and therefore it is important to render them realistically. They are used in modern computer games and different visualizations that run in real time, therefore they must be quickly displayed.

The objective of this thesis is to design an algorithm used for localization of scalp electrodes in MRI structural data. The algorithm is based on fact that electrodes are visible on visualized head surface. The surface of a head is subdivided into smaller fragments, which are transformed from 3D space into 2D. The electrodes are then located in 2D space by use of registration techniques. The proposed algorithm is able to correctly locate up to 73% EEG electrodes, assuming that the subject has short hair. In case when a subject has long hair, the portion of correctly detected electrodes is 49%. The probability of false detection is 22% when the object is short-haired and 35% when long-haired. The algorithm should facilitate the process of EEG electrodes localization during examinations combining imaging modalities of type EEG and MRI.

This master thesis deals with modern technologies in graphic hardware and using their for general purpose computing. It is primary focused on architecture of unified processors and algorithm implementation via CUDA programming interface. Thesis base is to choose suited algorithm for GPU horsepower demonstration. Main aim of this work is implementation of multiplatform library offering algorithms for discrete volumetric data vectorization. For this purpose was chosen algorithm Marching cubes that is able to find surface of processed object. In created library will be contained algorithm runnable on graphic device and also one runnable on CPU. Finally we compare both variants and discuss their pros and cons.

Artificiell intelligens är ett ämne som vuxit anmärkningsvärt mycket de senaste åren. Det forskas på ämnet i både den civila och den militära sektorn. Flera olika länder forskar på hur AI kan användas militärt, på olika sätt och nivåer. Även Sverige forskar på hur AI kan användas militärt. Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka om generativ AI kommer att kunna skriva egna, militära ordrar när programvaran blir matad med tillräcklig information. Frågeställningen blir således huruvida generativ AI kan ersätta militära ledare och chefer gällande orderskrivning, med tillfredsställande kvalitet.  Kunskapsluckan som detta arbete vill fylla är kopplingen mellan beslutsfattande och AI. Det finns tidigare forskning om både hur AI kan likna mänskligt skrivande, och hur AI kan användas för att bearbeta militär underrättelse. Det som fattas är följaktligen forskning som kopplar ihop detta, för att generativ AI ska kunna användas för att skriva militära ordrar. För att undersöka huruvida detta går skedde en jämförande fallstudie där en människoproducerad order jämfördes med en AI-alstrad order. Dessa två ordrar jämfördes sedan utifrån en teoretisk ram. Det teoretiska ramverk som använts i detta arbete är grundat i handböcker som är fastställda av Försvarsmakten.  Resultatet visar att generativ AI inte når upp till en tillräcklig kvalitet för att kunna mäta sig med mänskliga ordrar idag. AI är inte tillräckligt införstådd med den militära strukturen eller nomenklaturen. Detta kan dock variera mellan olika sorters AI. Resultatet är även påverkat av givna instruktioner. / Artificial intelligence is a subject that has grown remarkably in the last couple of years. Both the military and the civilian sectors are researching this subject. Several different countries are researching how AI could be used in the military, in different ways and levels. Furthermore, Sweden is also researching how AI could be used in the military. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate whether generative AI will be able to write its own orders when fed with the right amount of information. Thus gives us the question whether generative AI could replace human officers in writing military orders, with satisfying quality.  The knowledge gap that this work aims to fill is the connection between decision-making and AI. There is previous research about how AI can mimic human writing, and how AI could be used to process military intelligence. Consequently, the missing part is connecting these two together, so that generative AI could write its own military orders.  To investigate whether this works, a comparative case study took place, where an order written by a human was compared to an order produced by AI. These two orders were compared based on a theoretical framework. The theoretical framework in this thesis is based on established literature from the Swedish Armed Forces. The result shows that generative AI does not reach a sufficient quality to be able to measure up to human orders today. AI is not familiar enough with the military structure or nomenclature. However, this may vary between different kinds of AI. Furthermore, the result is also influenced by given instructions.

Formation planning and control for multi-agent robotic systems enables tasks to be completed more efficiently and robustly compared to using a single agent. Applications are found in fields such as agriculture, mining, autonomousvehicle platooning, surveillance, space exploration, etc. In this paper, a complete framework for formation path planning for holonomic ground robots in an obstacle-rich environment is proposed. The method utilizes the Fast Marching Square (FM2) path planning algorithm, and a formation keeping approach which falls within the Leader-Follower category. Contrary to most related works, the role of leader is dynamically assigned to avoid unnecessary rotation of the formation. Furthermore, the roles of the followers are also dynamically assigned to fit the current geometry of the formation. A flexible spring-damper system prevents inter-robot collisions and helps maintain the formation shape. An obstacle avoidance step at the end of the pipeline keeps the spring forces from driving robots into obstacles. The framework is tested on a formation consisting of three Unitree Go1 quadruped robots, both in the Gazebo simulation environment and in lab experiments. The results are successful and indicate that the method is feasible, although further work is needed to adjust the role assignment for larger formations, combine the framework with Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) and provide a more robust handling of dynamic obstacles.