Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:22:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ludmila Campo Dallorto Correa.pdf: 3039624 bytes, checksum: 0aa4abbaa853d5b8fade1a006fc4227e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-20 / This work has the physical reference the city of Vit?ria and want to make a contribution of relationships that the city has with the water bodies. In the case of the city of Vit?ria, analysis and reflection to bring water bodies that surround it: Ba?a de Vit?ria, the Canal da Passagem and the channel between the islands. These are the most significant bodies of water which make the outline of the city. The paper also proposes a reflection about the role of local governments on the changes promoted in spaces located on the banks of water bodies for the qualification and integration of the city with the bay and channels. / O presente trabalho tem como referencia fisica a cidade de vit?ria e pretende trazer uma contribui??o das rela??es que a cidade estabelece com os corpos d agua. No caso da cidade de Vit?ria, trazemos para analise e reflex?o os corpos d ?gua que a cercam: a Ba?a de Vit?ria, o Canal da Passagem e o canal entre ilhas. Trata-se dos corpos d agua mais significativos que fazem o contorno da cidade. O trabalho tamb?m prop?e uma reflex?o a cerca da atua??o das administra??es locais quanto ?s modifica??es promovidas em espa?os localizados nas margens dos corpos d ?gua para a qualifica??o e para a integra??o da cidade com a ba?a e com os canais.

Cette thèse de doctorat s'intéresse aux questions identitaires des sujets multiculturels cubains-américains, hantés par l'île mais habitants du continent nord-américain, ainsi qu'aux phénomènes de passation mémorielle inter-générationnelle exacerbés par l'expérience de l'exil post-castriste. Au cours de cette étude, sont présentées les relations complexes entre Cuba et les Etats-Unis, les grandes étapes de formation de la diaspora cubaine-américaine, en particulier les vagues successives de l'émigration post-castriste (1959) qui ont bouleversé la carte identitaire de la communauté translatée, mais en particulier l'identité d'une ville périphérique du sud de la Floride: Miami. Nous verrons pourquoi cette mégalopole états-unienne est souvent considérée aujourd'hui comme la capitale des Caraïbes, voire la capitale des Amériques. A travers l'étude des mémoires cubains-américains, seront discutées les questions de la nature de l'exil cubain post-castriste, en particulier sa temporalité, et la perception paradoxale de l'exil, à la fois associé par certains à un moment donné de leur vie d'adulte comme foyer et/ou fardeau. La thèse fait une part importante à l'enfance mutilée des membres de la génération dite 'une-et-demi', leur hybridité identitaire qui s'exprime par un nomadisme culturel et linguistique. Leurs témoignages décrivent également de nombreux phénomènes de pollinisations interculturelles, contrebalancés et/ou complétés par une répétition mémorielle obsessive des aïeux conteurs. Un dernier temps de cette étude sera consacré à l'écriture de soi qui est à la fois transcendance et rémanence de l'exil, du passé. Les mémoires cubains-américains illustrent aussi souvent le passage d'une tradition cubaine orale vers une tradition américaine de réalisation de soi par l'écriture. Ils s'inspirent de l'intime pour tendre vers l'universel, tout du moins ils tendent à s'inscrire dans le domaine de la littérature autobiographique latino-américaine, voire dans l'écriture de soi états-unienne. / This dissertation is centered on the questions of identity of the multicultural Cuban-American 'I's, haunted by the island but inhabiting the North-American continent, as well as on the phenomena of intergenerational transmission of memory, exacerbated by the traumatic experience of post-Castro exile. Along this study we discuss the complex relationship between Cuba and the United States of America, the important stages of the emergence of the Cuban-American disapora, particularly the successive post-castrist waves of emigration, which have completely altered the identity card of the displaced community but also redefined the identity and role of a peripheral southern city of Florida: Miami. How and why is this American megalopolis often considered today as the capital of the Caribbean, to some extent even of the Americas?Through a close reading of Cuban-American memoirs, we examine the post-castrist Cuban exile, more precisely its temporality, as well as its paradoxical perception by certain Cuban-Americans, at a certain point in their adult life as both a haven and a burden. The dissertation also considers the mutilated childhood of the 'one-and-a-halfers', their identity hybridity transpiring through their cultural and linguistic nomadism. Their personal testimonies depict multiple phenomena of crosscultural pollinization, counterbalanced and/or completed by an obsessive repetition of their cultural memory thanks to their story-telling grandparents. In the final part of this study we explore self-writing, which is both transcendance and resurgence of their exile and their past. Besides, Cuban-American memoirs often shed light on the passage from a Cuban oral tradition to an American tradition of self-fufilment through writing. They root their inspiration in intimacy to reach the universal, they participate in inscribing their presence their presence both within the realms of Latin-American literature and U.S. self-writing.

Dans les zones de subduction, la géométrie du slab est l'un des paramètres qui contrôle les déformations tectoniques de la marge, le couplage et le potentiel sismogénique. La subduction des Antilles résulte du chevauchement de la plaque Caraïbe vers le NE sur les plaques Amériques, à une vitesse de convergence de 2 cm/an. La sismicité est hétérogène et augmente localement sous la plateforme des Iles Vierges. D’une obliquité croissante vers le nord, cette zone est favorable à un partitionnement dont les déformations sont très peu observées. Ces travaux ont permis de confirmer un substratum d’une affinité de croûte océanique épaissie par un panache mantellique et faiblement épaissi par le magmatisme formant les arcs volcaniques Deux structures accommodant le partitionnement de la déformation ont été mis en évidence. La faille de Bunce est une faille décrochante sénestre de 850 km s’étendant d’Hispaniola jusqu’à Barbuda découplant le prisme d’accrétion du substratum. Le Passage d’Anegada, dont nous avons découvert son extension vers le NE, entaille profondément l’avant-arc. Formé par extension due à la collision du Banc des Bahamas sur le nord de la marge caribéenne, ces structures sont réactivées en décrochement sénestre compatible avec du partitionnement. Les caractéristiques d’une dorsale lente (core complexe et grain océanique) entrant en subduction sont imagées pour la première fois. Elles affectent probablement la morphologie du prisme d’accrétion et le potentiel sismogène. Là où les séismes et les déformations de partitionnement (Passage d’Anegada) s'accentuent localement, le slab est moins profond. Ainsi, le couplage interplaque pourrait augmenter localement et favoriser l'activité sismique et le partitionnement tectonique sous le Passage d'Anegada. / In subduction zones, the 3D geometry of the plate interface is one of the key parameters that controls margin tectonic deformation, interplate coupling and seismogenic behavior. The North American plate subducts below the Caribbean plate with a convergence rate of 20 mm/y. The seismic activity is heterogeneous and increases locally under the Virgin Islands platform. The northward increasing convergence obliquity is favorable in partitioning which deformations were not really observed. This PhD confirms that the forearc crust is a crust of oceanic affinity thickened by hotspot magmatism and poorly affected by subduction magmatism. Two structures accommodating the partitioning of the deformation were identified. The Bunce Fault is a 850-kmlength sinistral strike-slip fault extending from Hispaniola to the east of Barbuda decoupling the accretionary prism from the Caribbean substratum. The Anegada Passage, whose extension towards the NE is highlighted, entailed deeply the forearc. The structures are reactivated in sinistral strike-slip faults compatible with the partitioning of the deformation after formation in extension due to the collision of the Bahamas Bank with the northern margin. We image for the first time the characteristics of a slow ridge formation (partly complex core and partly oceanic grain) entering in subduction. It affects the morphology of the accretion prism and probably the seismogenic potential of the subduction interface. We have highlighted a shallower slab which is located under the NE Anegada Passage and where earthquakes and partitioning deformations increase locally. Thus, the shallowing slab might results in a local greater interplate coupling favoring seismic activity and tectonic partitioning beneath the Anegada Passage.

Detectores de falhas não confiáveis tradicionais são oráculos disponíveis localmente para processos deumsistema distribuído que fornecem uma lista de processos suspeitos de terem falhado. Este trabalho propõe um novo e flexível detector de falhas não confiável, chamado Impact FD, que fornece como saída um valor trust level que é o grau de confiança no sistema. Ao expressar a relevância de cada processo por um valor de fator de impacto, bem como por uma margem de falhas aceitáveis do sistema, o Impact FD permite ao usuário ajustar a configuração do detector de falhas de acordo com os requisitos da aplicação: em certos cenários, o defeito de umprocesso de baixo impacto ou redundante não compromete a confiança no sistema, enquanto o defeito de um processo de alto fator de impacto pode afetá-la seriamente. Assim, pode ser adotada uma estragégia de monitoramento com maior ou menor rigor. Em particular, definimos algumas propriedades de flexibilidade que caracterizam a capacidade do Impact FD para tolerar uma certa margem de falhas ou falsas suspeitas, ou seja, a sua capacidade de fornecer diferentes conjuntos de respostas que levam o sistema a estados confiáveis. O Impact FD é adequado para sistemas que apresentam redundância de nodos, heterogeneidade de nodos, recurso de agrupamento e permite uma margem de falhas que não degrada a confiança no sistema. Nós também mostramos que algumas classes do Impact FD são equivalentes a § e ­, que são detectores de falhas fundamentais para contornar a impossibilidade de resolver o problema do consenso em sistemas de transmissão de mensagens assíncronas na presença de falhas. Adicionalmente, com base em pressupostos de sincronia e nas abordagens baseada em tempo e padrão de mensagem, apresentamos três algoritmos que implementam o Impact FD. Os resultados da avaliação de desempenho usando traces reais do PlanetLab confirmam o grau de aplicabilidade flexível do nosso detector de falhas e, devido à margem aceitável de falhas, o número de falsas respostas ou suspeitas pode ser tolerado quando comparado a tradicionais detectores de falhas não confiáveis. / Traditional unreliable failure detectors are per process oracles that provide a list of processes suspected of having failed. This work proposes a new and flexible unreliable failure detector (FD), denoted the Impact FD, that outputs a trust level value which is the degree of confidence in the system. By expressing the relevance of each process by an impact factor value as well as a margin of acceptable failures of the system, the Impact FD enables the user to tune the failure detection configuration in accordance with the requirements of the application: in some scenarios, the failure of low impact or redundant processes does not jeopardize the confidence in the system, while the crash of a high impact process may seriously affect it. Either a softer or stricter monitoring strategy can be adopted. In particular, we define some flexibility properties that characterize the capacity of the Impact FD to tolerate a certain margin of failures or false suspicions, i.e., its capacity of providing different sets of responses that lead the system to trusted states. The Impact FD is suitable for systems that present node redundancy, heterogeneity of nodes, clustering feature, and allow a margin of failures which does not degrade the confidence in the system. We also show that some classes of the Impact FD are equivalent to ­ and § which are fundamental FDs to circumvent the impossibility of solving the consensus problem in asynchronous message-passing systems in presence of failures. Additionally, based on different synchrony assumptions and message-pattern or timer-based approaches, we present three algorithms which implement the Impact FD. Performance evaluation results using real PlanetLab traces confirmthe degree of flexible applicability of our failure detector and, due to the accepted margin of failures, that false responses or suspicions may be tolerated when compared to traditional unreliable failure detectors.

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a teoria da igualdade tributária e sua aplicação em face da técnica das margens de lucro presumidas, como um dos elementos de cálculo dos preços de transferência, consoante previsto na Lei n. 9.430/96. Parte-se de um estudo analítico da isonomia tributária, esmiuçando-se seus elementos, natureza e dimensão normativa, para, posteriormente, passar-se à análise de sua influência sobre a arm’s legth theory e a técnica dos preços de transferência, em especial sobre a presunção das margens de lucro. Mediante esta perspectiva, busca-se averiguar a possibilidade ou não de flexibilização daquelas margens de lucratividade, de molde a desvendar se o contribuinte possui legitimidade de utilizar margens de lucro diversas daquelas predefinidas, a forma que poderá valer-se deste direito e respectivo momento. / This work aims to analyze the tax equality theory and its application in the face of the presumed profit margins technique, as one of the elements of the calculation of transfer pricing, according to law number 9.430/96. It starts with an analytical study of tax equality theory, scrutinizing its elements, nature and normative dimension, and subsequently moves to an analysis of its influence on the „arm‟s length‟ principle and the technique of transfer pricing, especially on the presumption of profit margins. With this perspective, it seeks to investigate the possibility of the relaxation of those profit margins, which could unravel if the taxpayer has the right to use different profit margins than those pre-defined, however the taxpayer can avail themselves of this right and when is the appropriate moment.

Neste trabalho realizamos um estudo do Despacho de Potência Ativa AC, o qual é uma estratégia de alocação da geração de potência entre as usinas de um sistema. Para isto, obtivemos dados teóricos, a partir de levantamento bibliográfico, que explicitaram os conceitos de Despacho Ativo. Fundamentamos, metodologicamente, nossa pesquisa no Método da Função Lagrangeana Aumentada. O sistema de equações resultantes das condições de otimalidade foram resolvidos pelo Método de Newton Modificado. Apresentamos os resultados de estudos de casos acadêmicos para a validação e verificação da eficiência da abordagem proposta. Os resultados indicaram uma coerência com as perspectivas reais de contribuição na resolução do Despacho Ótimo de Potência Ativa AC. / In this work we accomplished a study of the AC Active Power Dispatch, which is a strategy of distribution of the power generation among the plants of a system. For this, we obtained theoretical data, starting from bibliographical investigation, that elucidated the concepts of Active Dispatch. We based our research in the Method of the Augmented Lagrangian Function. The equation system originated of the optimal conditions was solved for Modified Newton\'s Method. We presented the results of studies of academic cases for the validation and verification of the efficiency of the proposal approach. The results indicated a coherence with the real perspectives of contribution in the resolution of the AC Active Optimal Power Dispatch.

Organizations are under constant threat from global competition, socioeconomic factors, and political forces that are often unforeseen and dynamic. Consequently, decision makers adopt strategies, some including the principles of modularity, as a countermeasure. The problem addressed in this study was the lack of knowledge about the significance of modularizing contract manufacturing organizations (CMOs). The purpose of this quasi-experimental study was to assess the significance of modularizing CMOs by statistically analyzing capacity utilization, efficiency, and profit margin between modular and nonmodular departments in a focal CMO. This study was grounded in the theory of modularity and the research question addressed what might be the significant value of implementing organizational modularity. The hypotheses posited that a significant difference exists in these metrics between the modular and nonmodular departments of the focal company. ANCOVA was applied to the hypotheses using secondary data of complete job orders undertaken at a company from 2008 to 2013. The results indicated significant differences in capacity utilization, efficiency, and profit margin between modular and nonmodular departments after controlling for differences based on overhead cost or lead-time. Decision makers in manufacturing companies, particularly those in CMOs, may benefit from these findings because they provide answers to questions on the value of modularizing CMOs. The social change implications of this study are based on companies gaining knowledge to improve productivity, manufacture more affordable goods, and provide more skilled employment opportunities. As a result, more people leave poverty and experience an improved quality of life.

Cette thèse porte sur la théorie de la discrimination multi-classe à marge. Elle a pour cadre la théorie statistique de l’apprentissage de Vapnik et Chervonenkis. L’objectif est d’établir des bornes de généralisation possédant une dépendances explicite au nombre C de catégories, à la taille m de l’échantillon et au paramètre de marge gamma, lorsque la fonction de perte considérée est une fonction de perte à marge possédant la propriété d’être lipschitzienne. La borne de généralisation repose sur la performance empirique du classifieur ainsi que sur sa "capacité". Dans cette thèse, les mesures de capacité considérées sont les suivantes : la complexité de Rademacher, les nombres de recouvrement et la dimension fat-shattering. Nos principales contributions sont obtenues sous l’hypothèse que les classes de fonctions composantes calculées par le classifieur ont des dimensions fat-shattering polynomiales et que les fonctions composantes sont indépendantes. Dans le contexte du schéma de calcul introduit par Mendelson, qui repose sur les relations entre les mesures de capacité évoquées plus haut, nous étudions l’impact que la décomposition au niveau de l’une de ces mesures de capacité a sur les dépendances (de la borne de généralisation) à C, m et gamma. En particulier, nous démontrons que la dépendance à C peut être considérablement améliorée par rapport à l’état de l’art si la décomposition est reportée au niveau du nombre de recouvrement ou de la dimension fat-shattering. Ce changement peut affecter négativement le taux de convergence (dépendance à m), ce qui souligne le fait que l’optimisation par rapport aux trois paramètres fondamentaux se traduit par la recherche d’un compromis. / This thesis deals with the theory of margin multi-category classification, and is based on the statistical learning theory founded by Vapnik and Chervonenkis. We are interested in deriving generalization bounds with explicit dependencies on the number C of categories, the sample size m and the margin parameter gamma, when the loss function considered is a Lipschitz continuous margin loss function. Generalization bounds rely on the empirical performance of the classifier as well as its "capacity". In this work, the following scale-sensitive capacity measures are considered: the Rademacher complexity, the covering numbers and the fat-shattering dimension. Our main contributions are obtained under the assumption that the classes of component functions implemented by a classifier have polynomially growing fat-shattering dimensions and that the component functions are independent. In the context of the pathway of Mendelson, which relates the Rademacher complexity to the covering numbers and the latter to the fat-shattering dimension, we study the impact that decomposing at the level of one of these capacity measures has on the dependencies on C, m and gamma. In particular, we demonstrate that the dependency on C can be substantially improved over the state of the art if the decomposition is postponed to the level of the metric entropy or the fat-shattering dimension. On the other hand, this impacts negatively the rate of convergence (dependency on m), an indication of the fact that optimizing the dependencies on the three basic parameters amounts to looking for a trade-off.

The formation of multi-hospital systems represents one of the largest structural changes in the hospital industry. As of 2008, system affiliated hospitals outnumbered stand alone hospitals 2511 to 2167 and the percentage of system affiliated rural hospitals has increased dramatically from 24.8% in 1983 to 42.2% in 2008 (based on AHA data for non-federal acute care general hospitals). The effects of system membership on hospital performance have been of great interest to health care researchers, but the majority of research on multi-hospital systems has either focused exclusively on urban facilities or pooled urban and rural facilities in the same sample, and thus failed to allow for potential differences in membership effects between urban and rural hospitals. The result is that the effect of system membership on rural hospital performance has remained largely unexplored, creating a gap in the body of health services research. The objectives of this study are both theoretical and empirical. Theoretically, this study is intended to be a deliberate empirical application of contingency theory, which is the one major organizational theory that seeks to explain variations in organizational performance as its fundamental purpose. Empirically, this study seeks to explore the relationship between rural hospital system membership and rural hospital performance, taking into account the environment of the rural hospital and the structure of the multi-hospital system to which it belongs. The study sample consists of 1010 non-federal, short-term, acute care general rural hospitals with consistent system membership and critical access hospital (CAH) status from 2004 to 2008. Hospital economic performance is represented by the dependent variables of hospital total margin and a productive efficiency score calculated using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Four contingent pairs containing measures for environmental munificence, system membership, the presence of local system partners, the presence of hierarchical system partners, and CAH status, were used to measure a hospital’s fit between environment and structure. Regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between hospital performance and the fit between a hospital’s environment and its organizational/system structure. Results of the analysis indicate that hospitals with a better fit have significantly higher total margins, but results for productive efficiency were largely insignificant.

Corporate social responsibility has evolved as a business strategy, but the business worth of voluntary social conduct has not been well understood. The contradictory research findings mean that social performance is not maximized, which constrains economic growth and sustainable development. Grounded by stakeholder theory, this correlational study was aimed at examining the effect of social responsibility factors on the market-based Fama-French cost of capital. Within a sample of 71 United States banks, the publicly available ethical ratings, financial data, and stock market data were analyzed using multiple regression models. Contrary to the positive effect of social conduct on financial performance common in the literature, this study revealed no significant effect of social factors on the accounting returns, and, consequently, the shareholders perceived the social activities as risky and therefore demanded higher returns. The study also showed that governance, diversity, and employee relation were positively related to accounting returns while product and community factors were negatively related to profits. The implied higher cost of raising equity finance following engagement in social activities is a lesson for corporate managers to exercise caution in their social conduct and carry the investors along. Such inclusive policy could help to minimize investor bias and moderate their consequential adverse reactions to well-intentioned corporate actions. This research contributes to positive social change by assisting the bank managers, directors, investors, regulators, and government in improving the discharge of their respective roles to ensure optimal allocation of resources to competing social activities in a manner that may maximize performance and improve the overall stakeholder wellbeing.