O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a teoria da igualdade tributária e sua aplicação em face da técnica das margens de lucro presumidas, como um dos elementos de cálculo dos preços de transferência, consoante previsto na Lei n. 9.430/96. Parte-se de um estudo analítico da isonomia tributária, esmiuçando-se seus elementos, natureza e dimensão normativa, para, posteriormente, passar-se à análise de sua influência sobre a arm’s legth theory e a técnica dos preços de transferência, em especial sobre a presunção das margens de lucro. Mediante esta perspectiva, busca-se averiguar a possibilidade ou não de flexibilização daquelas margens de lucratividade, de molde a desvendar se o contribuinte possui legitimidade de utilizar margens de lucro diversas daquelas predefinidas, a forma que poderá valer-se deste direito e respectivo momento. / This work aims to analyze the tax equality theory and its application in the face of the presumed profit margins technique, as one of the elements of the calculation of transfer pricing, according to law number 9.430/96. It starts with an analytical study of tax equality theory, scrutinizing its elements, nature and normative dimension, and subsequently moves to an analysis of its influence on the „arm‟s length‟ principle and the technique of transfer pricing, especially on the presumption of profit margins. With this perspective, it seeks to investigate the possibility of the relaxation of those profit margins, which could unravel if the taxpayer has the right to use different profit margins than those pre-defined, however the taxpayer can avail themselves of this right and when is the appropriate moment.

Les marges transformantes, formées par le coulissage des plaques lors des premières étapes de l’ouverture océanique, ont été peu étudiées relativement aux marges divergentes. La marge de Côte d’Ivoire-Ghana fait figure d’exemple-type, et l’absence d’inventaire exhaustif ainsi que le peu d’étude de marges transformantes conjuguées entraîne une méconnaissance de la véritable diversité de ce type de marge. Deux approches ont été abordées dans ce mémoire. La première a consisté à les inventorier dans le monde à partir d’une méthodologie simple. Elles ont ensuite été comparées (physiographie et structure). La deuxième s’est concentrée sur l’étude tectono-sédimentaire des marges transformantes conjuguées des plateaux de Demerara et de Guinée. L’inventaire des marges transformantes a montré que les marges transformantes représentent 30% des marges passives. Leur distribution au sein de domaines océaniques ouverts de façon très oblique ou à l’intersection entre grands domaines reflète des conditions d’initiation spécifiques. 30% des marges transformantes se trouvent notamment en bordure d’un plateau marginal ; un type de bassin à l’histoire double nouvellement défini, qui semble associé à un fort amincissement crustal. Par ailleurs, on montre que les marges transformantes présentent des architectures diverses et sont souvent segmentées. L’étude des plateaux marginaux de Demerara et Guinée a permis de montrer qu’elles se mettent en place au niveau d’un domaine pré-aminci, sans doute guidées par des structures préexistantes. La nature du soubassement des plateaux est discutée : éventails sédimentaires ou volcaniques type SDR. La formation et l’évolution des marges transformantes en bordure des deux plateaux a été accompagnée de déformations intenses à l’approche des frontière océan-continents ainsi que de plusieurs épisodes de soulèvement et subsidence successifs de la bordure transformante, dont les origines et mécanismes sont discutés. / Transform margins form by transform motion between plates during early stages of oceanic spreading. They have been poorly studied in comparison with divergent margins, at least for the last 15 years. The Côte d’Ivoire-Ghana margin represents the best known example of a transform margin and is often considered as a model. However, the lack of a global complete inventory of such margins may lead to underestimate their diversity. Two approaches have been developed in this work. The first one consisted in a compiling world transform margins using a systematic and simple methodology. Those margins have then been compared (physiography, structure). In a second approach we analysed the tectono-sedimentary evolution of the Demerara and Guinea conjugated transform-derived plateaus. The worldwide review of transform margins shows that those represent 30% of the existing passive margins. Their distribution inside very oblique oceanic domains, and at the intersection between oceanic domains of contrasted ages, reflects specific initiation conditions. 30% of those transform margins locate on the edge of marginal plateaus —newly defined type of basins— that seem to be associated with important crustal thinning. Furthermore, this inventory shows that transform margins display a great variety of architectures. The Demerara and Guinea marginal plateaus are bounded by transform margins that occur on an already thinned crust, probably along a preexisting structure. The nature of these plateaus basement is discussed: sedimentary or volcanic SDRs fan-shaped units? During the Equatorial Atlantic opening, the formation and evolution of Demerara and Guinea transform margins were accompanied by intense deformations close to the continent-ocean boundary and by several successive uplift and subsidence phases along the plateaus borders. Their origin and mechanisms are discussed.

Detectores de falhas não confiáveis tradicionais são oráculos disponíveis localmente para processos deumsistema distribuído que fornecem uma lista de processos suspeitos de terem falhado. Este trabalho propõe um novo e flexível detector de falhas não confiável, chamado Impact FD, que fornece como saída um valor trust level que é o grau de confiança no sistema. Ao expressar a relevância de cada processo por um valor de fator de impacto, bem como por uma margem de falhas aceitáveis do sistema, o Impact FD permite ao usuário ajustar a configuração do detector de falhas de acordo com os requisitos da aplicação: em certos cenários, o defeito de umprocesso de baixo impacto ou redundante não compromete a confiança no sistema, enquanto o defeito de um processo de alto fator de impacto pode afetá-la seriamente. Assim, pode ser adotada uma estragégia de monitoramento com maior ou menor rigor. Em particular, definimos algumas propriedades de flexibilidade que caracterizam a capacidade do Impact FD para tolerar uma certa margem de falhas ou falsas suspeitas, ou seja, a sua capacidade de fornecer diferentes conjuntos de respostas que levam o sistema a estados confiáveis. O Impact FD é adequado para sistemas que apresentam redundância de nodos, heterogeneidade de nodos, recurso de agrupamento e permite uma margem de falhas que não degrada a confiança no sistema. Nós também mostramos que algumas classes do Impact FD são equivalentes a § e ­, que são detectores de falhas fundamentais para contornar a impossibilidade de resolver o problema do consenso em sistemas de transmissão de mensagens assíncronas na presença de falhas. Adicionalmente, com base em pressupostos de sincronia e nas abordagens baseada em tempo e padrão de mensagem, apresentamos três algoritmos que implementam o Impact FD. Os resultados da avaliação de desempenho usando traces reais do PlanetLab confirmam o grau de aplicabilidade flexível do nosso detector de falhas e, devido à margem aceitável de falhas, o número de falsas respostas ou suspeitas pode ser tolerado quando comparado a tradicionais detectores de falhas não confiáveis. / Traditional unreliable failure detectors are per process oracles that provide a list of processes suspected of having failed. This work proposes a new and flexible unreliable failure detector (FD), denoted the Impact FD, that outputs a trust level value which is the degree of confidence in the system. By expressing the relevance of each process by an impact factor value as well as a margin of acceptable failures of the system, the Impact FD enables the user to tune the failure detection configuration in accordance with the requirements of the application: in some scenarios, the failure of low impact or redundant processes does not jeopardize the confidence in the system, while the crash of a high impact process may seriously affect it. Either a softer or stricter monitoring strategy can be adopted. In particular, we define some flexibility properties that characterize the capacity of the Impact FD to tolerate a certain margin of failures or false suspicions, i.e., its capacity of providing different sets of responses that lead the system to trusted states. The Impact FD is suitable for systems that present node redundancy, heterogeneity of nodes, clustering feature, and allow a margin of failures which does not degrade the confidence in the system. We also show that some classes of the Impact FD are equivalent to ­ and § which are fundamental FDs to circumvent the impossibility of solving the consensus problem in asynchronous message-passing systems in presence of failures. Additionally, based on different synchrony assumptions and message-pattern or timer-based approaches, we present three algorithms which implement the Impact FD. Performance evaluation results using real PlanetLab traces confirmthe degree of flexible applicability of our failure detector and, due to the accepted margin of failures, that false responses or suspicions may be tolerated when compared to traditional unreliable failure detectors.

La maladie de la tache noire affecte les fruits d’ananas mature, les rendant impropre à la consommation. Actuellement, aucune méthode de contrôle n'est disponible pour cette maladie. Une meilleure connaissance du pathosystème est nécessaire pour trouver des moyens de lutte efficaces.Des entretiens et échantillonnages menés auprès de producteurs durant l’hiver austral révèlent une prévalence de la maladie de 74%. Les champignons pathogènes appartiennent à plusieurs espèces : Fusarium ananatum (72% des isolats), Talaromyces stollii (21%), F. oxysporum (6%) et F. proliferatum (1%). Leur potentiel toxinogène a été déterminer, Les champignons du genre Fusarium ont produit des mycotoxines identifiées comme les fumonisines FB1, FB2 et la beauvericine. Sur un milieu de culture ananas, une concentration en beauvericine de 34959 µg kg-1 a été mesurée pour l’espèce F. proliferatum.Une méthode d’inoculation de Fusarium ananatum directement dans le parenchyme a permis de décrire la réponse du biochimique du fruit. La voie des phénylpropanoïdes est sollicitée, particulièrement avec l’élicitation du caffeoylisocitrate et du coumaroylisocitrate dans la zone infectée. Une comparaison des profils métaboliques montre que la réponse du fruit à une inoculation est plus importante chez le cultivar résistant ‘MD-2’ que chez le cultivar sensible ‘Queen’. La majorité des métabolites élicités par l’attaque sont déjà présents dans les fruits sains mature de la variété résistante. Le potentiel antifongique des composés phénoliques à était évalué. Les acides coumarique, caféoylquinique et férulique inhibent la croissance du mycélium à des concentrations similaires à celle trouvées dans les fruits infectés.Une approche par imagerie a permis de décrire l’anatomie des fruits des deux cultivars et notamment la fusion imparfaite des sépales et bractée chez ‘Queen’. Les nectaires et les parois carpellaires jouent un rôle clef dans le processus d'infection et de colonisation de Fusarium ananatum. / Fruiltet core rot (FCR) disease affects the fruits of mature pineapples. Current disease controls are not available. A deeper knowledge of the pathosystem is needed to find an effective means of control FCR.A diagnostic survey conducted with producers during the southern winter revealed a prevalence of the disease of 74%. Pathogenic fungi belong to several species: Fusarium ananatum (72% isolates), Talaromyces stollii (21%), F. oxysporum (6%) and F. proliferatum (1%). Their toxinogenic potential was determined. Fusarium fungi produced mycotoxins identified as fumonisins FB1, FB2 and beauvericin. On a pineapple culture medium, a concentration of beauvericine of 34959 μg kg-1 was measured for the species F. proliferatum.A method of inoculating Fusarium ananatum directly into the parenchyma allowed to describe the biochemical response of the fruit. The phenylpropanoids pathway is involved, particularly with the elicitation of caffeoylisocitrate and coumaroylisocitrate in the infected zone. A comparison of the metabolic profiles shows that the response to inoculation of resistant cultivar 'MD-2' is higher than in the sensitive cultivar 'Queen'. Most of the metabolites elicited by the attack are already present in healthy mature fruits of the resistant variety. The antifungal potential of the phenolic compounds was evaluated. Coumaric, caffeoylquinic and ferulic acids inhibit mycelial growth at concentrations similar to those found in infected fruits.An imaging approach allowed to describe the anatomy of the fruits of the two cultivars, to identify the key roles played by nectaries and carpel margins in the infection and colonization process of Fusarium ananatum.

In this thesis we provide a unifying framework for two decades of work in an area of Machine Learning known as cost-sensitive Boosting algorithms. This area is concerned with the fact that most real-world prediction problems are asymmetric, in the sense that different types of errors incur different costs. Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost) is one of the most well-studied and utilised algorithms in the field of Machine Learning, with a rich theoretical depth as well as practical uptake across numerous industries. However, its inability to handle asymmetric tasks has been the subject of much criticism. As a result, numerous cost-sensitive modifications of the original algorithm have been proposed. Each of these has its own motivations, and its own claims to superiority. With a thorough analysis of the literature 1997-2016, we find 15 distinct cost-sensitive Boosting variants - discounting minor variations. We critique the literature using {\em four} powerful theoretical frameworks: Bayesian decision theory, the functional gradient descent view, margin theory, and probabilistic modelling. From each framework, we derive a set of properties which must be obeyed by boosting algorithms. We find that only 3 of the published Adaboost variants are consistent with the rules of all the frameworks - and even they require their outputs to be calibrated to achieve this. Experiments on 18 datasets, across 21 degrees of cost asymmetry, all support the hypothesis - showing that once calibrated, the three variants perform equivalently, outperforming all others. Our final recommendation - based on theoretical soundness, simplicity, flexibility and performance - is to use the original Adaboost algorithm albeit with a shifted decision threshold and calibrated probability estimates. The conclusion is that novel cost-sensitive boosting algorithms are unnecessary if proper calibration is applied to the original.

Today, the capital structure is an established research area in economics. Capital structure refers to the relationship between equity and liabilities, which through history has been explored through many different aspects. Capital structure is influenced by several factors and the results is ambiguous as to which of these factors are related to capital structure and which can explain the capital structure. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the share price and capital structure as well as investigate which control variable is correlating with capital structure. The study is of quantitative form, where data was collected between 2009-2017 from the 15 largest companies, set at market value, from Large Cap and Mid Cap listings from Nasdaq Stockholm. The result of the study shows that the share price and capital structure have a positive relationship for both lists, also share price could explain variations in the capital structure. The control variables result differ significantly depending on the list and variables. Profitability is the variable that explains the capital structure best, especially on the Large Cap list. Company size has no connection with the capital structure, and the explanation rate is reasonably comparable to share price as a single independent variable. Firm age has no connection with the capital structure and only affects the explanation negatively. / Idag är kapitalstruktur ett etablerat forskningsområde inom företagsekonomi. Kapitalstruktur avser förhållandet mellan eget kapital och skulder vilket har genom tiden utforskats ur mängder av aspekter. Utformningen av kapitalstrukturen påverkas av flera faktorer och idag är empirin tvetydig angående vilka av dessa faktorer som har samband med kapitalstrukturen och vilka som är kan förklara kapitalstrukturen. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka sambandet mellan aktiekursen och kapitalstrukturen samt undersöka vilka kontrollvariabler som korrelerar kapitalstrukturen. Studien är av kvantitativ form och data samlades in mellan 2009–2017 från de 15 största företagen, sett till börsvärde, från Large Cap och Mid Cap listorna från Nasdaq Stockholm. Resultatet från studien visar att aktiekursen och kapitalstrukturen har ett positivt samband för båda listorna och att aktiekursen kan förklara variationer i kapitalstrukturen. Kontrollvariablerna skiljer sig i resultatet markant beroende på lista och variabel. Lönsamhet är den kontrollvariabeln som förklarar kapitalstrukturen bäst bland kontrollvariablerna, speciellt på Large Cap listan. Företagsstorlek har inget samband med kapitalstrukturen och ökar förklaringsgraden någorlunda jämförelsevis med aktiekurs som ensam oberoende variabel. Företagsålder har inget samband med kapitalstrukturen och påverkar förklaringsgraden endast negativt.

O presente estudo compreende a análise de distribuição dos foraminíferos bentônicos vivos no talude continental da Bacia de Campos e Platô de São Paulo, procurando compreender os fatores ambientais condicionantes dessa distribuição. Amostras de sedimento foram coletadas, entre 400 e 3000 m de profundidade, no outono/inverno de 2008, e verão de 2009. Dados sedimentológicos, geoquímicos e microfaunísticos permitiram identificar dois setores na área de estudo. O Setor I inclui amostras do talude superior e médio (400-1300 m de profundidade), e é caracterizado por valores altos de densidade, diversidade, densidade das espécies de foraminíferos bentônicos indicadoras de produtividade (BFHP), de carbono orgânico, e pela presença de espécies como Adercotryma wrighti, Globocassidulina subglobosa e Pullenia bulloides, refletindo maior disponibilidade de alimento, com fluxos episódicos de fitodetritos. O setor II, constituído de amostras do talude inferior e Platô de São Paulo (1300-3000 m de profundidade), é caracterizado por baixos valores de densidade, diversidade, BFHP e de carbono orgânico, com predomínio de espécies epifaunais, indicando condições mais oligotróficas. O oxigênio não se mostrou um fator restritivo à distribuição da microfauna, entretanto, constatou-se que os processos hidro-sedimentares (p.e ação da CB junto ao fundo) e a morfologia de fundo são fatores controladores das condições tróficas no ambiente, determinando assim variações latitudinais e temporais da microfauna de foraminíferos bentônicos vivos na Bacia de Campos. / The present study comprise the analysis of the distribution of living benthic foraminifera on the continental slope of Campos Basin and Plateau of São Paulo to understand the environmental factors determining this distribution. Sediment samples were collected between 400 m and 3000 m water depth, in the austral autumn/winter of 2008, and summer of 2009. Sedimentological, geochemical and microfauna data indicated the existence of two sectors in the study area. Sector I includes samples from the upper and middle slope (400-1300 m water depth), and is characterized by high levels of density, diversity, Benthic Foraminifera High Productivity (BFHP), organic carbon and the presence of species such as Adercotryma wrighti, Pullenia bulloides and Globocassidulina subglobosa, reflecting greater availability of food, with episodic phytodetritus fluxes. Sector II, consisting of samples of the lower slope and Plateau of São Paulo (1300-3000 m water depth), is characterized by low values of density, diversity, BFHP and organic carbon, with species predominant epifaunal, indicating more oligotrophic conditions. Oxygen was not a limiting factor to the distribution of the microfauna, however the hydro-sedimentary (BC influence in the sea floor) and morphology processes are background factors controlling trophic conditions of the environment, determining the temporal and latitudinal variations of the microfauna of living benthic foraminifera in Campos Basin.

Análises microfaunísticas, sedimentológicas e geoquímicas realizadas em testemunho coletado na plataforma interna ao largo de Itajaí, SC, (26°5916,8S -048°0433,6W) permitiram reconhecer nos últimos 7.600 anos, três fases com distintas condições de fluxos de matéria orgânica e hidrodinâmicas. A primeira fase (7.600 5.000 anos cal. A.P.) é caracterizada por baixa produtividade, constatada pelos baixos valores dos indicadores de produtividade (Corg, CaCO3 e índice Benthic Foraminífera High Productivity - BFHP), condições hidrodinâmicas mais intensas (predomínio de areia e alta frequência de Globocassidulina subglobosa) e águas mais oxigenadas (valores elevados do índice Benthic Foraminífera Oxic Index BFOI e porcentagens relativamente altas de espécies epifaunais). O clima nesse período era relativamente mais seco e o nível médio do mar estava aproximadamente 3 m acima do atual. A segunda fase (5.000 3.000 anos cal. A.P.) é marcada pelo relativo incremento na paleoprodutividade (aumento de Corg, CaCO3 e índice BFHP), condições hidrodinâmicas menos intensas (baixa frequência de G. subglobosa e aumento no conteúdo de lama) e diminuição na disponibilidade de oxigênio nas águas de fundo (valores relativamente baixos do índice BFOI). O clima aparentemente torna-se progressivamente mais úmido e há diminuição progressiva do nível relativo do mar. A terceira fase (3.000 900 anos cal. A.P.) é caracterizada por aumento expressivo na produtividade (maiores porcentagens de Corg, CaCO3 e do índice BFHP e altas frequências de espécies infaunais e detritívoras), provavelmente as correntes de fundo são menos intensas (predomínio de sedimentos lamosos e baixa frequência de G. subglobosa) e com conteúdo de oxigênio mais restritivo (valores relativamente baixos do índice BFOI). Nesse período, há aumento significativo no aporte de material terrígeno, evidenciado por acentuado incremento na frequência de Buliminella elegantissima e das razões Fe/Ca e Ti/Ca. O aumento na produtividade poderia estar relacionado ao aumento da umidade ao longo do Holoceno, devido à intensificação do Sistema de Monções da América do Sul (SMAS) ocasionada por variações no ciclo de precessão e possivelmente aumento na frequência de El Niño, que corroboram para o aumento de chuvas no sul do Brasil. O clima mais úmido e o fortalecimento de frentes frias (ventos de S/SW) poderiam ter favorecido à penetração de águas frias e ricas em nutrientes vindas do sul, relacionada à descarga do Rio da Prata / Microfaunal, sedimentological and geochemical analyses from a core collected on the inner shelf off Itajaí, SC, allowed us to recognized , in the last 7,600 years, three phases with different organic matter fluxes and hydrodynamic conditions. The rst phase (7,600 5,000 years cal. B.P.) is characterized by low productivity, evidenced by low values of productivity proxies (organic carbon (Corg), calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and Benthic Foraminífera High Productivity index - BFHP), more intense hydrodynamic regime (dominance of coarser sediments and higher frequencies of Globocassidulina subglobosa) and waters with more oxygen availability (higher values of the Benthic Foraminífera Oxic Index BFOI and relatively high percentages of epifaunal species). The climate during this period was relatively dry and sea-level was approximately 3 m above the present. The second phase (5,000 3,000 years cal. B.P.) is marked by a relative increase in productivity (increase of Corg, CaCO3 and BFHP), hydrodynamical conditions were probably less intense (lower frequencies of G. subglobosa and muddy sediments), and oxygen availability decreased (lower BFOI index values). The climate apparently became progressively more humid and a progressive decline of the sea-level occurred. The third phase (3,000 900 years cal. B.P.) is characterized by a significant increase of productivity (higher percentages of Corg, CaCO3, infaunal and detritivores species, and increase of BFHP index values), probably bottom currents were less intense (muddy sediments and lower frequencies of G. subglobosa) and oxygen contents more restrictive (lower BFOI values). A significant increase in the input of continental material occurs during this period, as highlighted by an increase of Buliminella elegantissima frequencies and increase of the Fe/Ca and Ti/Ca ratios. The increase of productivity could be related to moisture increase throughout the Holocene, due to the intensification of the South American Monsoon system (SAMS) caused by variations in the precession cycle and possibly increased El Niño frequency, which corroborates the increase in rainfall in southern Brazil. The wetter climate and strengthening cold front may have favored the penetration of cold water rich in nutrients from the south, related to the discharge of the Rio de La Plata

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-12-11Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:50:43Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 morais_vs_me_ilha.pdf: 9848157 bytes, checksum: 187eadcaad3e9775d2aa107935283406 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Este trabalho dá continuidade e aperfeiçoa um modelo automatizado para estimativa de altura de ondas geradas em lagos de barragens, a partir dos dados característicos de vento. Infere sobre a climatologia dos ventos, a fim de determinar as maiores alturas de ondas e identificar pontos críticos, tanto para a segurança à navegação, quanto para as margens do reservatório. Lagos de barragens, foco desta dissertação são, em sua maioria, dotados de vegetação aquática. Dentro dessa temática, uma busca por modelos capazes de qualificar e quantificar o quão as ondas geradas pelo vento reagem ao atravessar esses obstáculos naturais em termos de oscilação das plantas, presentes nas margens, foi também discutida. Para os propósitos aqui expostos, um aplicativo computacional foi utilizado para a previsão de ondas e estruturado de maneira que pudesse fornecer resultados gráficos de forma automatizada com maior precisão e no menor tempo possível. O software, fruto do desenvolvimento dos estudos da equipe de pesquisa e mais recentemente aprimorado no presente trabalho, batizado de OndisaCAD, integra-se dentro de ambientes CADs, precisamente no AutoCAD da Autodesk, possibilitando, assim, a geração de ótimas interfaces e resultados gráficos. No que tange à dissipação de energia através da vegetação existente nos lagos e suas margens, o aspecto dinâmico associado à própria movimentação da vegetação foi comparado ao comportamento do movimento de vigas engastadas em sua parte inferior, o que permitiu prescrever a movimentação dos organismos vivos (plantas) frente a uma excitação provocada pela passagem de onda / This work continues and perfects an automated model for estimating the height of waves generated in lakes dams, entering the characteristic data of the wind. It follows on the climatology of the winds to determine the largest wave heights and identify critical points, for the safety of navigation and margin of the reservoir. Lakes dams, focus of this dissertation are mostly equipped with aquatic vegetation. Inside this subject, a search for models able to qualify and quantify how the waves generated by winds respond to cross these natural barriers in terms of oscillation of plants, present on the margin, was also discussed. For the purposes set out here, a software was used for predicting waves and structured so that could provide automated graphics results with more accurately and with a shortest possible time. The software, due to the development of studies of the research team and more recently extended in the present work, called OndisaCAD, works within CADs environments, specifically in AutoCAD of Autodesk's, allowing the generation of great interfaces and graphical results. With respect to the dissipating energy through the vegetation in the lakes and their margins, the dynamic aspect associated with their movement of the vegetation was compared to the behavior of the movement of beams embedded in its bottom, which allowed to prescribe the movement of living organisms (plants) front of an excitement caused by the passage of a wave

Orientador: Geraldo de Freitas Maciel / Banca: Carlos Roberto Minussi / Banca: Luiz Edival Souza / Resumo: Este trabalho dá continuidade e aperfeiçoa um modelo automatizado para estimativa de altura de ondas geradas em lagos de barragens, a partir dos dados característicos de vento. Infere sobre a climatologia dos ventos, a fim de determinar as maiores alturas de ondas e identificar pontos críticos, tanto para a segurança à navegação, quanto para as margens do reservatório. Lagos de barragens, foco desta dissertação são, em sua maioria, dotados de vegetação aquática. Dentro dessa temática, uma busca por modelos capazes de qualificar e quantificar o quão as ondas geradas pelo vento reagem ao atravessar esses obstáculos naturais em termos de oscilação das plantas, presentes nas margens, foi também discutida. Para os propósitos aqui expostos, um aplicativo computacional foi utilizado para a previsão de ondas e estruturado de maneira que pudesse fornecer resultados gráficos de forma automatizada com maior precisão e no menor tempo possível. O software, fruto do desenvolvimento dos estudos da equipe de pesquisa e mais recentemente aprimorado no presente trabalho, batizado de OndisaCAD, integra-se dentro de ambientes CADs, precisamente no AutoCAD da Autodesk, possibilitando, assim, a geração de ótimas interfaces e resultados gráficos. No que tange à dissipação de energia através da vegetação existente nos lagos e suas margens, o aspecto dinâmico associado à própria movimentação da vegetação foi comparado ao comportamento do movimento de vigas engastadas em sua parte inferior, o que permitiu prescrever a movimentação dos organismos vivos (plantas) frente a uma excitação provocada pela passagem de onda / Abstract: This work continues and perfects an automated model for estimating the height of waves generated in lakes dams, entering the characteristic data of the wind. It follows on the climatology of the winds to determine the largest wave heights and identify critical points, for the safety of navigation and margin of the reservoir. Lakes dams, focus of this dissertation are mostly equipped with aquatic vegetation. Inside this subject, a search for models able to qualify and quantify how the waves generated by winds respond to cross these natural barriers in terms of oscillation of plants, present on the margin, was also discussed. For the purposes set out here, a software was used for predicting waves and structured so that could provide automated graphics results with more accurately and with a shortest possible time. The software, due to the development of studies of the research team and more recently extended in the present work, called OndisaCAD, works within CADs environments, specifically in AutoCAD of Autodesk's, allowing the generation of great interfaces and graphical results. With respect to the dissipating energy through the vegetation in the lakes and their margins, the dynamic aspect associated with their movement of the vegetation was compared to the behavior of the movement of beams embedded in its bottom, which allowed to prescribe the movement of living organisms (plants) front of an excitement caused by the passage of a wave / Mestre