Thesis (Ph.D.)--Mississippi State University. Department of Sociology. / Title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references.

Este trabalho teve por objetivo verificar evidências de validade para um instrumento de avaliação de estratégias de resolução de conflitos conjugais e investigar o uso dessas estratégias por casais residentes no Rio Grande do Sul. Para tanto, o trabalho foi dividido em três artigos. O Artigo I buscou evidências de validade para o Conflict Resolution Behavior Questionnaire (CRBQ). O Artigo II verificou o uso de estratégias de resolução de conflitos entre homens e mulheres, sua associação a variáveis sociodemográficas e do relacionamento. Por fim o Artigo III identificou perfis de resolução de conflitos, associando-os à qualidade conjugal. Os participantes foram 750 casais heterossexuais, residentes no Rio Grande do Sul, e que coabitavam há, no mínimo, seis meses. Os resultados do Artigo I demonstraram evidências de que a versão brasileira do instrumento é válida para a avaliação das estratégias de resolução de conflitos conjugais. O Artigo II indicou que há associação da resolução do conflito conjugal à prática de alguma religião, ao tempo de relacionamento e ao momento do ciclo vital. No Artigo III, quatro perfis foram identificados: Evitador, Validador, Hostil e Volátil. Os aspectos que podem favorecer o encaminhamento construtivo dos conflitos pelos membros do casal e os níveis de qualidade conjugal associados a cada perfil identificado são discutidos. / This study aimed to verify validity evidences for an instrument for assessment of marital conflict resolution strategies and to investigate the use of these strategies by couples living in Rio Grande do Sul. To achieve this objective, this study is divided in three papers. Paper I investigated validity evidences for the Conflict Resolution Behavior Questionnaire (CRBQ). Paper II verified conflict resolution strategies used by men and women, its association with sociodemographic and relationship variables, and identified conflict resolution profiles. Participants were 750 heterosexual couples, who lived in Rio Grande do Sul state in Brazil and cohabited for, at least, six months. Paper I showed evidences that the Brazilian version of the instrument is valid for the assessment of conflict resolution strategies. Paper II indicated that marital conflict resolution was associated with religious practice, length of relationship and moment of the life cycle. Paper III identified four profiles: Avoider, Validator, Hostile and Volatile. The aspects that can promote constructive management of conflicts by spouses and the marital quality associated with each profile are discussed.

Este trabalho teve por objetivo verificar evidências de validade para um instrumento de avaliação de estratégias de resolução de conflitos conjugais e investigar o uso dessas estratégias por casais residentes no Rio Grande do Sul. Para tanto, o trabalho foi dividido em três artigos. O Artigo I buscou evidências de validade para o Conflict Resolution Behavior Questionnaire (CRBQ). O Artigo II verificou o uso de estratégias de resolução de conflitos entre homens e mulheres, sua associação a variáveis sociodemográficas e do relacionamento. Por fim o Artigo III identificou perfis de resolução de conflitos, associando-os à qualidade conjugal. Os participantes foram 750 casais heterossexuais, residentes no Rio Grande do Sul, e que coabitavam há, no mínimo, seis meses. Os resultados do Artigo I demonstraram evidências de que a versão brasileira do instrumento é válida para a avaliação das estratégias de resolução de conflitos conjugais. O Artigo II indicou que há associação da resolução do conflito conjugal à prática de alguma religião, ao tempo de relacionamento e ao momento do ciclo vital. No Artigo III, quatro perfis foram identificados: Evitador, Validador, Hostil e Volátil. Os aspectos que podem favorecer o encaminhamento construtivo dos conflitos pelos membros do casal e os níveis de qualidade conjugal associados a cada perfil identificado são discutidos. / This study aimed to verify validity evidences for an instrument for assessment of marital conflict resolution strategies and to investigate the use of these strategies by couples living in Rio Grande do Sul. To achieve this objective, this study is divided in three papers. Paper I investigated validity evidences for the Conflict Resolution Behavior Questionnaire (CRBQ). Paper II verified conflict resolution strategies used by men and women, its association with sociodemographic and relationship variables, and identified conflict resolution profiles. Participants were 750 heterosexual couples, who lived in Rio Grande do Sul state in Brazil and cohabited for, at least, six months. Paper I showed evidences that the Brazilian version of the instrument is valid for the assessment of conflict resolution strategies. Paper II indicated that marital conflict resolution was associated with religious practice, length of relationship and moment of the life cycle. Paper III identified four profiles: Avoider, Validator, Hostile and Volatile. The aspects that can promote constructive management of conflicts by spouses and the marital quality associated with each profile are discussed.

Este trabalho teve por objetivo verificar evidências de validade para um instrumento de avaliação de estratégias de resolução de conflitos conjugais e investigar o uso dessas estratégias por casais residentes no Rio Grande do Sul. Para tanto, o trabalho foi dividido em três artigos. O Artigo I buscou evidências de validade para o Conflict Resolution Behavior Questionnaire (CRBQ). O Artigo II verificou o uso de estratégias de resolução de conflitos entre homens e mulheres, sua associação a variáveis sociodemográficas e do relacionamento. Por fim o Artigo III identificou perfis de resolução de conflitos, associando-os à qualidade conjugal. Os participantes foram 750 casais heterossexuais, residentes no Rio Grande do Sul, e que coabitavam há, no mínimo, seis meses. Os resultados do Artigo I demonstraram evidências de que a versão brasileira do instrumento é válida para a avaliação das estratégias de resolução de conflitos conjugais. O Artigo II indicou que há associação da resolução do conflito conjugal à prática de alguma religião, ao tempo de relacionamento e ao momento do ciclo vital. No Artigo III, quatro perfis foram identificados: Evitador, Validador, Hostil e Volátil. Os aspectos que podem favorecer o encaminhamento construtivo dos conflitos pelos membros do casal e os níveis de qualidade conjugal associados a cada perfil identificado são discutidos. / This study aimed to verify validity evidences for an instrument for assessment of marital conflict resolution strategies and to investigate the use of these strategies by couples living in Rio Grande do Sul. To achieve this objective, this study is divided in three papers. Paper I investigated validity evidences for the Conflict Resolution Behavior Questionnaire (CRBQ). Paper II verified conflict resolution strategies used by men and women, its association with sociodemographic and relationship variables, and identified conflict resolution profiles. Participants were 750 heterosexual couples, who lived in Rio Grande do Sul state in Brazil and cohabited for, at least, six months. Paper I showed evidences that the Brazilian version of the instrument is valid for the assessment of conflict resolution strategies. Paper II indicated that marital conflict resolution was associated with religious practice, length of relationship and moment of the life cycle. Paper III identified four profiles: Avoider, Validator, Hostile and Volatile. The aspects that can promote constructive management of conflicts by spouses and the marital quality associated with each profile are discussed.

Seventy years ago Erikson proposed successful identity formation in adolescence was the foundation for successful intimacy formation in young adulthood. With the extended period of identity exploration in emerging adulthood, it is unclear if intimacy formation continues to be connected to identity. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between identity in three domains of love, work, and worldview with long term views of intimacy using Marital Horizons Theory. Results from a sample of 777 college students in the Project READY dataset indicated that identity formation in love is positively associated with views of marriage, identity formation in work has no significant association with views of marriage, and identity formation in worldview is negatively associated with views of marriage. Implications for the transition into marriage and further identity research are discussed.

Depression is a major societal health problem with individual, familial, social, and economic costs. Cross sectional research has linked depression and marital discord, with women frequently having a higher association between variables. Several longitudinal research studies have linked marital satisfaction to subsequent depression. The Marital Discord Model of Depression states that marital discord is an important antecedent in the development of depression. While some empirical evidence exists supporting this premise, no research has been done with Latinos. The purpose of this study was to test the longitudinal relationship between marital satisfaction and depression among Latina women. The data was conducted in two waves, 2 years apart, from a Brazilian sample of 99 females. The data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) procedures. The results indicated that there was a strong association between marital satisfaction and depression. Marital satisfaction at time-1 was a significant predictor of, not only time-1 depression, but also time-2 depression. Marital satisfaction and depression at time-1 predicted 59% of the time-2 depression scores. These results provide evidence that the Marital Discord Model of Depression is an appropriate theoretical model for the conceptualization of marital discord and depression with Latina women. With previous research already having established the effectiveness of Behavioral Marital Therapy of Depression (BMT-D) for treating depression among Caucasian couples, these results suggest that BMT-D might also an appropriate treatment for depression among Latinos. Further BMT-D effectiveness research needs to be done to test the utility of interventions with the Latino population. Further research also needs to be done to test the longitudinal association of marital distress and depression among Latinos living in the United States.

Using data from a nationally representative sample of 723 married adults, this study explored the association of age differences between spouses at the time of marriage on various aspects of marital quality years into the marriage. Four groups (full sample, husband-older, wife-older, and same-age marriages) were compared to see how marital quality was affected by age difference and several other moderating variables. Spousal interactions increased among wife-older marriages, but not among the other groups. An increased level of husband participation in household labor was linked with an increase in marital happiness and a decrease in marital problems for wife-older marriages. It also was related to a decrease in marital happiness for husband-older marriages as well as a decrease in spousal interaction for all groups except wife-older marriages, which showed no significant association to the division of household labor. Finally, a more traditional approach to gender roles among the same-age marriages was associated with a decrease in marital problems and a decrease in spousal interaction.

This study investigated whether (I) socio-demographic factors such as age, gender, race, number of years in marriage. number of children, frequency of marriage. and educational level (2) psychological well-being. and (3) communication will significantly predict marital satisfaction among married people in Gauteng Province and (4) whether married people with alcxithymia do have satisfactory marriages?.Data was collected on married participants who were randomly selected in Gauteng Province. The sample comprised both males 313 (63.1 %) and females 183 (36.9%). participants were above the consenting age of 18 years, with age ranging between 20 to 72 years.The results indicate that communication, alexithymia, and psychological well-being do predict marital satisfaction significant!}. A positive correlation was found between dyadic adjustment and psychological well-being, also between communication and alexithymia.Three hypotheses were accepted, except for the one of demographic factors which was partially accepted since not all of them were found to predict marital satisfaction. except age and sex. / Thesis (M.Soc.Sc. (Research Psychology) North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, 2013

The purpose of this dissertation is to provide a better understanding of race differences in women’s family formation behaviors, including non-marital birth and marriage. This research addresses three aims using data from various sources. The first aim is to examine the demographic factors that contribute to racial differences in non-marital fertility rates. The second research aim is to investigate how black men’s incarceration (admission rate, release rate, and conditional release rate from/to prisons) is related to black women’s non-marital fertility rate at the county level from 1985 to 2000. The last research aim is to examine how men’s incarceration (admission rate, release rate, and conditional release rate from/to prisons) is associated with women’s transition to first marriage and non-marital birth, and how this association differs by women’s race. To examine the first research aim, I employed a decomposition analysis and found that sexual activity and post-conception marriage no longer contribute to racial differences in non-marital fertility. Instead, the pregnancy rate among sexually active single (not cohabiting) women is the largest contributor to race-ethnic variation in non-marital fertility rates. More importantly, I find that contraceptive use patterns explain the majority of the race-ethnic differences in pregnancy rates. To pursue the second research aim, I used a fixed effects model and found that changes in black men’s incarceration are positively associated with changes in black women’s non-marital fertility rate between 1995 and 2000, even after adjusting for an extensive set of controls. Lastly, building on this finding, I also examined the relationship between men’s incarceration and women’s transition to first marriage and non-marital birth using a discrete time hazard model. The results indicate that county-level men’s incarceration is negatively associated with women’s transition to first marriage, even net of family background, individual women’s SES, and other county characteristics. Although county-level men’s incarceration contributes to the explanation of lower rates of transition to first marriage for women, it does not fully explain racial differences in marriage. Unlike marriage, women’s transition to first non-marital birth is not significantly affected by county-level men’s incarceration, net of women’s SES and family background. Altogether, this study updated our knowledge about the relative importance of marriage to racial differences in non-marital fertility and better explained racial differences in family formation behaviors, including non-marital fertility and marriage, by linking them with men’s incarceration. / text

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