Thesis (M.S.)--Indiana University, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 44-47).

The purpose of the present investigation was to determine the effectiveness of individualized, non-individualized, and package cognitive intervention strategies on karate performance. Subjects were 43 male volunteer students enrolled in karate classes at North Texas State University. They were randomly assigned to one of five experimental groups including an individualized, non-individualized, package, placebo control, and control condition. The data were collected through performance evaluations which were administered during the fifth, tenth, and fifteenth weeks of classes. The physical performance evaluation consisted of dependent measures including skill, combinations, sparring, flexibility, and muscular endurance.

Doctorat en Sciences de la motricité / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

M.Phil. (Sport Management) / Available literature revealed a gap in the body of knowledge regarding the effect of environmental and related factors on the performance of elite under 17 judokas in South Africa in order to address the lack of available research. Scholars increasingly researched the social importance attached to the performance of athletes and the competitive environment, including the role of social agents and simulated training. The aim of this study translates into objectives, namely: i) to describe the sport competition environment through an extensive literature study, ii) to determine the effect of environmental and selected physical factors (sleep and nutrition) on the performance of elite judokas in South Africa in the under 17 age category with a self-designed questionnaire, iii) to determine psychosocial effects on judo performance with the Sport Competition Anxiety Test (SCAT) and the Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ), iv) to determine the effect of environmental factors, selected physical factors and psychosocial factors on the performance of elite under 17 judokas with a focus group, v) to determine the effect of environmental, psychosocial and selected physical factors on the performance of elite judokas from the perspective of judo coaches by way of interviews, and vi) to conduct a comparative analysis based on various variables such as gender, locality, frequency of competition participation and access to resources. Both qualitative and quantitative data were gathered, constituting an exploratory research design. Questionnaires (SCAT and SMTQ) and qualitative data was gathered by way of interviews with judo coaches (n=8) and a focus group with judokas (n=8). In total sixty five (n=65) judokas participated in this study. A purposive sample of coaches and elite judokas were recruited as research participants. Results indicate that judokas have relatively moderate mental toughness (M=41.66) and that mentally tougher judokas experience relatively less anxiety whilst competing (r=-.48, n=60, p<.01). An increase in anxiety is correlated with a decline in performance and medal winning judokas were relatively more confident than non-medal winners. All research participants were negatively affected by not having adequate exposure to environmental simulated training conditions, with temperature as a main factor impacting on performance.

The present investigation attempted to determine whether imagery combined with relaxation (VMBR) facmlitated karate performance more effectively than either imagery or relaxation alone. Each subject (N=30) was randomly assigned to either a VMBR, relaxation, imagery or placebo control condition. Trait anxiety tests were administered at the beginning and the end of the six week test period. Performance tests were administered at the final class period along with precompetitive state anxiety. Trait anxiety results indicated a reduction in trait anxiety for all groups. State anxiety results indicated that the VIYBR and relaxation groups exhibited less state anxiety than the imagery and control groups. Performance results produced a main effect only for sparring with the VMBR group exhibiting better performance than all other groups.

Incidents and awareness of sports-related concussion have grown in recent years, attracting attention in both the academic and popular press. These concussions can lead to the rapid onset of neurological dysfunctions, as well as a variety of subjective symptoms. Although concussive sequelae are typically considered transient, debate remains about the persistent effects of repeated traumatic contact during sport participation. Although research has examined the complications of head trauma found in traditionally popular sports (e.g., football, soccer, boxing), little research has focused on the growing sport of mixed-martial-arts (MMA). Research specifically pertaining to MMA is in nascent stages, but to-date studies suggest that concussive injuries for this sport are prevalent and the training regimens of these athletes may place them at a high risk for concussive or subconcussive head traumas—as well as the accompanying neurological difficulties. The current study is the first to assess cognitive profiles of MMA athletes using an objective neuropsychological assessment instrument. Among 56 athletes (28 MMA athletes and 28 athletes not exposed to head traumas), no neuropsychological differences were found between groups of athletes. Additionally, no aspects of MMA training regimen shared a reliable relationship with neuropsychological performance or subjective concussive symptoms. This suggests non-professional participation in MMA may not typically pose a significant risk for cumulative concussions and associated adverse neuropsychological consequences.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-06T17:07:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 resumo Rodrigo Batalha.pdf: 124696 bytes, checksum: 43256abd6110a66d342ab174fc3f660b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Introduction: Among the sports of combat (MEC) in the present, one has stood out by mixing techniques from other martial arts. This kind of sport is given the name of mixed martial arts (MMA). The large training load and the danger that the sport provides, can generate significant psychological changes in these athletes. It is important that arise further research on the psychological aspects of MMA athletes. Objectives: To investigate the mood and motivation of professional and amateur mixed martial arts athletes in training; and, through systematic review, analyze (a) the scientific production in the Sports Science on mixed martial arts and, (b) the scientific production of Psychology of Sport related to mixed martial arts. Method: This dissertation consists of studies of systematic and empirical reviews. The study included 46 athletes of mixed martial arts aged between 18 and 36 years. The instruments used were the Questionário de caracterização geral de atletas de MMA, Brunel Mood Scale and the Sport Motivation Scale. Data were collected in gyms with the athletes always at the beginning and end of the training, with a total of one to three training sessions. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 through the normality tests Shapiro-Wilk and in accordance with the proposed distribution, the Wilcoxon test, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used. The significance level of p <0.05 was adopted. Systematic reviews followed the Prisma Protocol and searches occurred in SciELO, ScienceDirect and Web of Science databases. Results: It was found that the amateur and professional athletes are characterized by high school, they have another job besides being an athlete and most professionals compete in national or international events. The athletes showed the mood profile similar to the "iceberg profile". The training increased the fatigue of athletes as well as the fact that sponsored atletes changed their vigour. Athletes with scheduled fight showed changes in tension and anger of the athletes before and after training. Athletes with worse quality of sleep had altered levels of depression, vigour and fatigue. MMA athletes had high intrinsic motivation, average levels of extrinsic motivation and low amotivation. The identified regulation was higher in professional athletes. The amotivation was higher in athletes who reported having regular health. Conclusions: The athletes presented mood profile similar to the "iceberg". The training decreased the fatigue of athletes as well as the fact that sponsered athletes had an increase in vigour. The fact that athletes with scheduled fight had an increase in tension and anger before and after training. Athletes with worse sleep quality got worse in the levels of depression, vigour and fatigue. In motivation, MMA athletes are characterized to have a high level of intrinsic motivation, especially internal motivation for stimulating experiences, low amotivation and medium levels of extrinsic motivation, especially the identified regulation. / Introdução: Dentre as modalidades esportivas de combate (MEC) existentes na atualidade, uma vem se destacando por misturar técnicas de outras lutas. A esse tipo de esporte dá-se o nome de artes marciais misturadas ou mixed martial arts (MMA). A grande carga de treinamento e o perigo que a modalidade proporciona, pode gerar alterações psicológicas importantes nesses atletas. É importante que surjam novas investigações sobre os aspectos psicológicos de atletas de MMA. Objetivos: Investigar o humor e a motivação de atletas profissionais e amadores de mixed martial arts em treinamento; e, através de revisões sistemáticas, analisar (a) a produção científica nas Ciências da Esporte sobre mixed martial arts e, (b) a produção científica da Psicologia do Esporte relacionada ao mixed martial arts. Método: Esta dissertação é composta por estudos de revisão sistemática e empíricos. Participaram do estudo 46 atletas de mixed martial arts com idades entre 18 e 36 anos. Os instrumentos utilizados foram o Questionário de caracterização geral de atletas de MMA, Escala de humor de Brunel e a Escala de Motivação Esportiva. Os dados foram coletados nas academias junto aos atletas sempre ao início e ao final dos treinos, com o total de um a três sessões de treinamento. Os dados foram tratados pelo programa estatístico SPSS versão 20.0, através dos testes de normalidade Shapiro-Wilk e de acordo com a distribuição apresentada, foram utilizados os testes Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney e Kruskal-Wallis. Foi adotado o nível de significância p< 0,05. As revisões sistemáticas seguiram o Protocolo Prisma e as buscas ocorreram nas bases de dados Scielo, ScienceDirect e Web of Science. Resultados: Verificou-se que os atletas amadores e profissionais se caracterizam por ter Ensino Médio, possuírem outra profissão além de ser atleta e a maioria dos profissionais competem em eventos nacionais ou internacionais. Os atletas apresentaram o perfil de humor semelhante ao de iceberg . Os treinamentos aumentaram a fadiga dos atletas, bem como o fato de possuir patrocínio alterou o vigor. Atletas com luta marcada apresentam alteração na tensão e raiva dos atletas antes e depois do treinamento. Atletas com pior qualidade do sono apresentam alterações nos níveis de depressão, vigor e fadiga. Atletas de MMA possuem elevada motivação intrínseca, níveis médios de motivação extrínseca e baixa amotivação. A regulação identificada foi maior nos atletas profissionais. A amotivação foi maior nos atletas que relatam ter saúde regular. Conclusões: Os atletas apresentam perfil de humor semelhante ao de iceberg . Os treinamentos diminuíram a fadiga dos atletas, bem como o fato de possuir patrocínio foi um fator de aumento do vigor. O fato de os atletas estarem com luta marcada, aumentou a tensão e raiva dos atletas antes e depois do treinamento. Atletas com pior qualidade do sono apresentam piora nos níveis de depressão, vigor e fadiga. Na motivação, os atletas de MMA se caracterizam por possuir um elevado nível de motivação intrínseca, com destaque para a motivação interna para experiências estimulantes, baixa amotivação e níveis médios de motivação extrínseca, com destaque para a regulação identificada.

Introduction. Metabolic acidosis causes reduced performance in judo and sodium citrate has suggested as a buffering being investigated. Aim. To analyse the effect of sodium citrate oral supplementation (0.5 g.kg-1 of body mass) on the performance of judo contest. Methods. In a double-blind crossover design, 12 highly trained athletes (. purple belt) were select, but only eight completed all stages of this study. Simulation competition was realized (three matches of Five minutes and 15-minute interval) and lactate, blood gases (pH, PCO2, PO2, HCO3- and bases), perceived exertion and score by match was measure. After the third match, fighters performed Judogi Handgrip Test, and the Special Judo Fitness Test (SJFT). Results. After all the matches, lactate level was higherin Citrate group (p<0,05) and perceived exertion was higher in the Control (p<0,05). After the second and third match the supplemented group showed higher blood concentration of HCO3-, pH and lower base deficit (p<0,05). In the third match, the Control group have significantly more penalty number (10 vs. 3; p<0,05). After the simulated competition, the Citrate group showed better performance for maximum dynamic (16,5 }1,7 vs. 12,8 }1,4 rep.; p<0,05) and static force (47,4 }3,9 vs. 39,5 }4,0, sec.; p<0,05), and lower fatigue index in SJFT (13,5 }0,3 vs. 14,6 }0,3; p<0,05). Only one figther shown na adverse effect from the sodium citrate consumption. Conclusion. Prior intake (60 minutes) of sodium citrate results in better physical and competition performance in judo athletes. / Introdução. Acidose metabólica provoca queda do desempenho no judô e o citrato de sódio tem sido sugerido como um tamponante a ser investigado. Objetivo. Verificar o efeito da suplementação de citrato de sódio (0,5 g.kg-1 massa corporal) sobre o desempenho de lutadores de judô. Métodos. Em um modelo duplo-cego cruzado, 12 competidores altamente treinados (graduação mínima faixa roxa) foram selecionados, destes 8 completaram todas as etapas do estudo. Realizou-se uma simulação de competição (3 lutas com duração de cinco minutos e intervalo de 15 minutos) onde mediram-se as variáveis: lactato, gases sanguíneos (pH, PCO2, PO2, HCO3- e bases), percepção subjetiva do esforço e pontuação por combate. Após a terceira luta os lutadores realizaram o Judogi Handgrip Test, em seguida o Special Judo Fitness Test (SJFT). Resultados. Após todas as lutas, os níveis de lactato foram maiores na situação Citrato (p<0,05) e a percepção subjetiva do esforço no Controle (p<0,05). Após a segunda e terceira luta os atletas suplementados apresentaram maior concentração sanguínea de HCO3-, pH e menor déficit de bases (p<0,05). Na terceira luta, a situação controle cometeu significativamente maior quantidade de faltas (10 vs. 3; p<0,05). Após a simulação de competição, a situação Citrato apresentou melhor desempenho para a força estática (47,4±3,9 vs. 39,5±4,0, p<0,05), dinâmica (16,5±1,7 vs. 12,8±1,4, p<0,05) e menor índice de fadiga no SJFT (13,5±0,3 vs. 14,6±0,3; p<0,05). Somente um lutador apresentou efeito adverso decorrente do consumo de citrato de sódio. Conclusão. A ingestão prévia (60 minutos) de citrato de sódio resulta em melhor desempenho físico e competitivo de judocas.