Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Queensland, 2003. / Includes bibliography.

Since Draper & Harpending (1982) proposed that father absence would be associated with a shift in reproductive strategy, a body of literature has accumulated supporting their claims. This thesis explores further aspects of father absence theory, utilising computergraphic facial processing. It opens with an overview of both father absence theory (Chapter 1) and the Evolutionary Psychology of attraction (Chapter 2). Part 1 Part 1 explores the meaning of masculinity in partner choice scenarios. Male facial masculinity co-varied with facial age but not apparent facial health both in tenns of women's preferences (Study 1) and women's direct perceptions (Study 2). This suggested that masculinity in male faces is not a cue to immunocompetence health status as other authors have suggested, In Study 3, while masculine faces were perceived as more dominant than feminised faces, they were otherwise considered poorer quality partners. It was suggested that masculinity was attractive because of a 'sexy son' mechanism (dominance increasing offspring reproductive success), which was traded off against the anti-social traits associated with masculinity. Part 2 Studies 4, 5 and 6 found that father absence or poor relationships with the parents generally reduced masculinity preference and age preference (although in Study 5, this effect was moderated by relationship status). This contradicted predictions made from traditional father absence literature (that father absence should be associated with a short term strategy and therefore masculinity preference). Sociological explanations were discounted as family background did not relate to the traits women said they desired in a partner (Study 7). Altogether these results raised questions about the attractiveness and self-esteem of father absent females. Part 3 therefore investigated the physical development of these females. Part 3 Study 8 found that marital difficulties between parents were associated with an increase in perceived facial masculinity in both male and female offspring's faces, a decrease in facial attractiveness and increased weight and waist-hip ratio in women. Study 9 found that levels of progesterone were inversely related to quality of parental relationship. The overarching conclusions of the thesis were that there appears to be an effect' of physical masculinisation which is associated with father absence. This masculinisation may be the predicator for previously observed father absence effects, and the results in Part 2. As such, attachment based explanations of father absence effects (such as Belsky et al, 1991) may be redundant.

The diploma thesis examines the construction of masculinity and femininity of young transsexual individuals who have not undergone surgical gender reassignment. The work is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part builds on the theory of gender stereotype and the research of Gagné and Tewksbury, according to which transsexual individuals try to suppress their feminine or masculine selves as expected, while maintaining relationships. Furthermore, the work is based on Mandal's and Jakubowski's study, which confirms the theory that transsexual women live more in a gender stereotype than transsexual men who live in accordance with their original and new gender roles. In the practical part, a qualitative survey is carried out using the method of grounded theory, and six transsexual respondents were interviewed using semi- structured interviews: three transsexual men and three transsexual women. The sample is selected from transgender individuals who have not undergone operative gender reassignment and have decided to share their story on social networks. The aim of the research part is to find out how transsexual people without operative gender reassignment construct their masculinity and femininity. The main finding was that transsexual individuals who chose not to undergo sex...

Univerzita Karlova Filozofická fakulta Ústav germánských studií Filologie-germánské jazyky a literatury REPRESENTATIE VAN MANNELIJKHEID ENVROUWELIJKHEID IN DEHAAGSE ROMANS VAN LOUIS COUPERUS REPREZENTACE MASKULINITY A FEMININITY VHAAGSKÝCH ROMÁNECH LOUISE COUPERUSE THEREPRESENTATION OF MASCULINITY ANDFEMININITY INTHE HAGUE NOVELS BY LOUIS COUPERUS Abstract in English Anna Phillips Vedoucí práce: doc. dr. Ellen J.Krol 2018 1 Abstract in English This dissertation examines masculinity and femininity in what are referred to as the 'Hague novels' of Louis Couperus: Eline Vere, The Books of the Small Souls (De boeken der kleine zielen), and Old People and the Things that Pass (Van oude menschen, de dingen, die voorbijgaan…). The following research questions were asked: 1) In what ways are masculinity and femininity represented in the Hague novels of Louis Couperus? 1) Are these representations of the masculine and the feminine diametrically op- posed, and if so, in what ways does the opposition manifest? 2) Do the representations of masculinity and femininity in the individual Hague novels differ? If so, how? The research method is theoretically grounded in views of masculinity and femininity common to the 'fin de siècle' period (1878-1914) in which the Hague novels were published, and which forms the setting of...

This diploma thesis analyses and compares two categories of Disney fairy tale films. On one side we have the animated films from the 20th century, on the other side their modern live action remakes. This thesis focuses on the portrayal of gender and social interactions, and examines whether there has been any change in these aspects from a feminist perspective. Fairy tales play a significant role in gender socialization of children and are a reflection of the contemporary societal ideals of femininity and masculinity. The theoretical part of the thesis introduces the concept of gender and how it is learned, how feminism views gender and society, and the development of the feminist movement. It explores fairy tales, their role as socialization agents and the theory of feminist critique of fairy tales. It also focuses on film adaptations of fairy tales and more specifically on Disney studio and the criticism of it. The examined films were subjected to analysis based on the method of grounded theory. During the research a significant advancement was discovered in the portrayal of female and male heroes, romantic love, patriarchal society in fairy tale worlds and in the representation of race and sexual minorities.

As companies expand their operation worldwide, multinational communication in multi-cultural teams has become an important research topic, therefore, the purpose of this study promises to offer an understanding of how different degrees of the single dimension of culture MAS (Masculinity/Femininity) affects communication in a multinational and multicultural environment, using as a starting point and reference for this study an undis-closed Swedish multinational company with operations in over 70 countries.The cultural dimension of MAS used in the study was proposed by Geert Hofstede (1980) as part of his research on culture, and it is a key element that set the bases of this work.A qualitative research process has been undertaken with an inductive reasoning approach that led to collect data through observation and interviews which then was analyzed under the Laying the Groundwork approach developed by Gioia & Corley (2012) used to build a conceptual map that allowed the researchers to induce principles and theories that can explain how Masculinity and Femininity affect Communication through data-to-theory connections.The findings showed that different degrees of the Masculinity and Femininity dimension create aggregated dimensions that affect communication in a multinational context both positively and negatively. This study also found that communication experiences re-sistance and it is affected when it moves from a feminine culture to a masculine culture. Opposite to this, it was found that communication develops easily when it starts in a mas-culine culture and is directed to feminine cultures.

Gender stereotypes and the prejudices associated with them are a frequently discussed issue in the society as well as in the academic world. Even though there is certain evidence of the changes in the media presentation of masculine and feminine roles, the stereotypical illustration of men and women still persists and the media have a significant impact on gender socialisation (Renzetti, Curran, 2003). TV advertising is a typical example of a media format presenting masculine and feminine genders unequally. This thesis examines this assumption focusing on the TV advertising of cars. I also follow-up on my bachelor thesis in which I dealt with the gender stereotypes in the TV advertising for children. In the research background and theory I concentrate on the general understanding of the biological and social views of gender, gender development and gender socialisation. I also provide a short introduction to the media as well as TV advertising theory. The methodological part explains the reasons for the usage of the selected research method and forms guidelines for the data analysis. 54 unique advertisements were analysed using quantitative content analysis which examined 24 variables associated with the three main categories: the advertising itself, the promoted car(s) and the participating...

This diploma thesis describes the phenomenon of fitness through the gender perspective. The research took place in the environment of a particular fitness center. The space of the gym and the visitors' behavior were observed through the participating observation and semi- structured interviews. It was explored how a specific activity helps to form the identity of the trainees and how the relationships between them are created. This thesis analysis the rules according to which people behave in the given environment of the gym. It represents the gym as an environment that preserves the dominant concepts of masculinities and femininities on the one hand, but on the other hand visitors of the gym are allowed to disrupt the gender order by non-stereotypical behavior in certain situations. It was found out that attending a fitness center affects and disciplines the lives of trainees outside the gym.

This diploma work is focused on the situation of fathers on parental leave in the Czech Republic. The aim of research is to find out how fathers feel on their parental leave, what is positive or negative for them and how they evaluate this experience. The theoretical part describes the legislative framework of parental leave and parental allowance and explains the concepts such as femininity, masculinity, maternity and paternity. Then I deal with gender stereotypes and situation on the labour market, and their influences on the decision for starting parental leave. Then I formulate arguments for more father's participation in taking care of children. The empirical part is focused on a qualitative research. The research was realized by interviews done with 10 fathers on parental leaves, and analyzed by coding. Then I made a connection between new data and theoretical resources which are described in the first part. At the end I indicate the posibility of doins some other research, for example with both parents.

Исследовалась взаимосвязь выбора копинг-стратегий в ситуации стресса и гендерных особенностей у мужчин-военнослужащих (маскулинность, фемининность, андрогинность) с целью уточнения критериев профотбора для группы опасных профессий. Обсуждаются результаты данные, полученные по четырем методикам на выборке из 149 человек. / We investigated the relationship between choice of coping strategies in a situation of stress and gender men-soldiers (masculinity, femininity, androgyny) with a view to clarifying the criteria for selection of groups of hazardous occupations. Results the data obtained for the four methods on a sample of 149 people.