Den negativa miljöpåverkan från förbrukning av fossila bränslen ökar kravet på förnyelsebara energikällor. Biobränsle är ett speciellt lovande alternativ. Detta projekt vill visa på möjligheten att använda gas från biobränsleförgasning som förbränns utan synliga flammor i glassmältugnar. Med bättre teknik är det möjligt både att upprätthålla produktionen och reducera kväveoxidutsläppen med ekonomiska fördelar. Biobränslena bidrar inte till växthuseffekten. En del av hela projektet är de experiment som utfördes den 1 juni 2004 vid Kosta glasbruk. Experimenten tog 7 timmar och 50 minuter. Den viktigaste uppgiften i detta examensarbete är att utvärdera mass- och energibalanserna på den medströms fastbäddsförgasare som användes vid experimenten. / The negative environmental impact of the consumption of fossil fuels has led to an increased claim for a wider use of renewable energy sources. Biomass appears as a particularly promising option. This project demonstrates the possibility to heat glass furnaces with gas from biofuel gasification combusted without visible flames. By better technique you can both retain production and reduce nitrogenoxide emissions with economical benefit. The biofuel doesn’t contribute to the greenhouse effect. A part of the whole project is the experiments performed on June 1st 2004 in Kosta glass- factory, total 7 hours and 50 minutes. A major effort of this diploma work is to evaluate mass and energy balances of the down – draft fixed bed gasifier used in the experiments.

Österbyverken is an industrial estate in Östhammars municipality in Uppland, Sweden. Many different activities have taken place on the estate the last 600 years. During the last 15 years both health and environmental studies have been made by different companies. At the most recent study a great increase of metals in Nerån, a river that runs partly through and partly next to the estate, was identified with mass balances. The purpose of this thesis is to accomplish a deepened study about the reasons for the increase of metals in Nerån. The aim is to identify knowledge gaps in the mass balances and try to complete these. From the outcome an environmental risk assessment will be attempted for Nerån and its outlet in the lake Filmsjön. The method went through steps and started with data analyses after which calculations for new mass balances were made. Beginning by acknowledge the increase of metals from the groundwater, both through measured results and through calculated confidence intervals. In addition, among other methods, calculations of theoretical leakage data from Kd-values were made. Surface water concentrations were also compared with levels of metals in sediments to see whether any connection existed between them. Additional mass balances were calculated to take suspended solids in the surface water under consideration. From the results an environmental risk assessment was made using guidelines from Netherland and Canada and the state division from the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency. The results of the study show that the differences of metal content between surface water and groundwater and between surface water and sediments might be smaller than first revealed, but there is still a great increase caused by another, unknown source. The environmental risk assessment shows that there are hazards for both Nerån and Filmsjön because of the leakage of metals from Österbyverken. For the surface water in Nerån it is mainly cobalt, copper and zinc that contributes with risks, for the sediment in Nerån it is mainly barium, cobalt, copper, chromium and nickel and for the sediments in Filmsjön it is mainly lead, cobalt, copper, chromium, nickel and zinc. Reasons for the differences between metal contents and medias might be from surface water outlet from the Österbyverken or because of differences in methods of taking specimens in surface and groundwater. Conclusions that have been drawn of the study is that further studies of the knowledge gaps needs to be done, particularly regarding the metals cobalt, copper, chromium, nickel and zinc. Further, the biodiversity in Nerån and Filmsjön is at risk, partly because several metals in the sediments reaches such high concentrations, partly because high concentrations of several metals in one area may increase risks.

<p>Den negativa miljöpåverkan från förbrukning av fossila bränslen ökar kravet på förnyelsebara energikällor. Biobränsle är ett speciellt lovande alternativ. Detta projekt vill visa på möjligheten att använda gas från biobränsleförgasning som förbränns utan synliga flammor i glassmältugnar. Med bättre teknik är det möjligt både att upprätthålla produktionen och reducera kväveoxidutsläppen med ekonomiska fördelar. Biobränslena bidrar inte till växthuseffekten. En del av hela projektet är de experiment som utfördes den 1 juni 2004 vid Kosta glasbruk. Experimenten tog 7 timmar och 50 minuter. Den viktigaste uppgiften i detta examensarbete är att utvärdera mass- och energibalanserna på den medströms fastbäddsförgasare som användes vid experimenten.</p> / <p>The negative environmental impact of the consumption of fossil fuels has led to an increased claim for a wider use of renewable energy sources. Biomass appears as a particularly promising option. This project demonstrates the possibility to heat glass furnaces with gas from biofuel gasification combusted without visible flames. By better technique you can both retain production and reduce nitrogenoxide emissions with economical benefit. The biofuel doesn’t contribute to the greenhouse effect. A part of the whole project is the experiments performed on June 1st 2004 in Kosta glass- factory, total 7 hours and 50 minutes. A major effort of this diploma work is to evaluate mass and energy balances of the down – draft fixed bed gasifier used in the experiments.</p>