O setor da construção civil em países desenvolvidos tem caminhado no sentido da industrialização e da sustentabilidade dos materiais construtivos e estruturais, e neste sentido a construção em madeira maciça tem ganhado destaque. Produtos como painéis de CLT já estão sendo usados para construção de grandes prédios multipavimentos, porem outros produtos que utilizam o mesmo princípio da laminação cruzada vem ganhando espaço, como é o caso do painel de lamelas cruzadas cavilhadas, chamado de DCLT. Neste estudo, avaliou-se o comportamento estrutural de painéis DCLT com lamelas feitas com madeira de Pinus Elliottii e Pinus Taeda e cavilhas de pau-roxo (Peltogyne spp., Leguminosae), onde foi desenvolvido um modelo de ensaio específico para as ligações neste tipo de painel, simulações em software de elementos finitos no modelo de ensaio desenvolvido, ensaios de flexão nos painéis de tamanho estrutural e posterior comparação com os métodos analíticos de cálculo de painéis de lamelas cruzada. Os resultados obtidos para rigidez dos painéis foram de 727 e 1353 kNm² para o painel de 3 e 5 camadas, respectivamente. Os valores analíticos ficaram muito próximos aos valores experimentais, validando o novo procedimento de ensaio com o qual foi obtido o valor do módulo de deslizamento usado nos cálculos analíticos. Em termos de resistência, o painel de 3 camadas se mostrou mais resistente, pois com uma dimensão menor, resistiu proporcionalmente mais carga. De maneira geral, os painéis poderiam vencer vãos de até quatro metros suportando uma carga de 150 kg/m², mostrando ser um potencial produto para uso em obras residenciais. / The construction sector in developed countries has been moving towards industrialization and sustainability of construction and structural materials and in this sense solid wood construction has gained prominence. New products such as CLT panels are used for construction of multi-storey building, and other products that use the same principle of cross lamination have been gaining ground, as is the case of the dowel cross laminated timber panel, called DCLT. In this study, we evaluated the structural behavior of DCLT panels with Pinus Elliottii and Pinus Taeda wood lamellae and pau-roxo dowels (Peltogyne spp., Leguminosae), where a specific test model was developed for connections in this type. Finite element simulations was made for the developed test model, bending tests on structural size panels and subsequent comparison with the analytical methods of calculating cross sided panels. The results obtained for the sttiffiness of the panels were 727 and 1353 kNm² for the 3 and 5 layer panels, respectively. The analytical values were very close to the experimental values, validating the new test procedure with which the value of the slip module used in the analytical calculations was obtained. In terms of strength, the 3-layer panel was more resistant, because with a smaller size, it resisted proportionally more load. In general, the panels could cover span of up to four meters supporting a load of 150 kg/m², proving to be a potential product for use in residential works.

When going through relevant research, moisture safety guidelines and talking to builders, moisture experts and architects it is clear - and not surprising - that water and wood make no easy combination. The experiences from building with cross laminated timber (CLT) differ from building sites and there are good and bad examples building without weather protection. In this study the moisture influence on CLT is analyzed. CLT is a type of massive wood with glued lamellas, increasing usage worldwide as structural elements in buildings. The bulk of the work is performed in the hygrothermal calculation tool WUFI(™). Focus is on the wetting process and the evaluation of mould risk from rain loads during production in Nordic climates. Subsequent drying after built into walls and floors is also evaluated. A vast literature survey is performed in order to compare and select material data for modelling CLT. Following the simulation work, moisture content, mould growth and volumetric distortion are judged both with and without weather protection. Results are also compared to measurement data from field tests. It is found that short building times are crucial, some weather protection is required all year around and early planning and constructing for moisture safety are crucial. The benefits of prefabrication and short building times using CLT should be exploited. If there is a risk of rainfall exceeding 10-20 mm, arrangements to divert rain loads should be undertaken. If the expected rain loads are above 40 mm or if the building time exceeds 2 weeks, a roof cover will be required. At air humidities averaging 80% and yearly rain exceeding 1200 mm, a complete building cover is recommended. A controlled environment may be expensive, but it speeds up production and shortens drying time. / När man går igenom relevant forskning, riktlinjer för fuktsäkerhet och pratar med byggare, fuktexperter och arkitekter är det tydligt - och inte överraskande - att vatten och trä inte är någon enkel kombination. Erfarenheterna från att bygga med korslimmat trä (KL-trä) skiljer sig från byggarbetsplatser och det finns bra och dåliga exempel från byggande utan väderskydd. I denna studie analyseras fuktpåverkan på KL-trä. KL-trä är en typ av massivt trä med limmade lameller, som ökar i användningen över hela världen som strukturella element i byggnader. Huvuddelen av arbetet utförs i det hygrotermiska beräkningsverktyget WUFI (™). Fokus ligger på uppfuktning och utvärdering av mögelrisker från regnbelastning under produktion i nordiskt klimat. Efterföljande torkning efter inbyggnad i väggar och golv utvärderas också. En omfattande litteraturstudie utförs för att jämföra och välja materialdata för modellering av KL-trä. Efter simuleringsarbetet bedöms fuktinnehåll, mögeltillväxt och fuktrörelser både med och utan väderskydd. Resultaten jämförs också med mätdata från fältförsök. Det konstateras att korta byggtider är avgörande, någon form av väderskydd krävs året runt och tidig planering och konstruktion för fuktsäkerhet är avgörande. Fördelarna med prefabricering och korta byggtider med KL-trä bör utnyttjas. Om det finns risk för nederbörd över 10-20 mm bör åtgärder vidtas för att avleda regn. Om de förväntade regnbelastningarna är över 40 mm eller om byggtiden överstiger 2 veckor krävs ett regnskydd. Vid luftfuktigheter på i medeltal 80 % och årligt regn över 1200 mm rekommenderas ett väderskydd runt hela byggnaden. En kontrollerad miljö kan vara dyr, men det påskyndar produktionen och förkortar torkningstiden.

The shortage of housing increases the demand for apartment buildings, while pressing climate change forces the construction sector to reduce its carbon footprint. In this context, solid wood and engineered wood products have been shown to be a more sustainable alternative to traditional building materials.  The present study investigates how living in wooden high-rise apartments impacts the wellbeing of its occupants. Nine people currently living in high-rise wooden buildings were interviewed using semi-structured interviews. The data was processed using a qualitative content analysis. The residents expressed having a “clear conscience” regarding their choice of housing and were proud to contribute to sustainability from an ecological perspective. In addition, the majority of the participants linked exposed wood in the indoor and outdoor living environment to feelings of comfort and wellbeing. In general, the touch of wood was perceived as softer, warmer and more alive than other materials such as stone. The conclusion points towards the outdoor and indoor environment of wooden high-rise buildings having a positive effect on the wellbeing of its residents.

Decisions made at the early stage of building design can significantly influence theenvironmental, energy and economic performance of buildings. Future homeowners anddevelopers often have to make decisions concerning the design and specification of thebuilding. These choices are usually governed by functionality, aesthetics, cost, materialavailability, etc. Except for decisions related to long-term performances, they are relativelyeasy and straightforward to make. Long-term performance assessments that consider theimpact of a product over its lifetime, requires thorough research. Due to the lack of studies onthe long-term benefits and performance of different building design options, homeowners anddevelopers often base their decisions on short-term financial benefits, ignoring long-termbenefits. This may lead to incorrect decisions that are difficult to correct.Within this context, the aim of this study is to compare the long-term economic viability ofdifferent external timber wall construction types. By doing so, our goal is to address the lackof techno-economic studies within the construction industry and thus, to assist the decisionmakingof Swedish homeowners and developers. We evaluate the economic performance ofthree wooden wall construction alternatives—that of IsoTimber, cross-laminated timber(CLT), and timber frame walls—via thirteen wall assembly scenarios and two case housesfrom Bysjöstrand eco-village, Sweden. The scenarios account for variations in wall type andwall thicknesses. Our study utilizes an approach based on life cycle costing (LCC) andconsiders the capital cost and the present value of heating cost. The latter is calculated for 1m2of heated area of each case houses over a 40-year period. Indoor Climate and Energy software(IDA ICE) is used to estimate the heating energy use and the Bidcon program to estimate thematerials and labor costs for all cases. The study considered reasonable economic parameters,but to see their impact on the results and feasibility of wall constructions improving, sensitiveanalysis has been done using different values.The main finding of this thesis is that timber frame wall construction is the most economicchoice in the long term. In contrast, IsoTimber wall is the least economic choice, in general,and for two-story homes, in particular. Moreover, the present value total cost for IsoTimber intwo-story building is 5% higher than for a single-story building that has a similar U-value. Incontrast, it is 3% and 7% lower for CLT and timber frame walls respectively. Also, the resultsindicate that although the present value heating cost decreases with increasing wall thickness,this increase is considerably smaller than the increase in the capital cost. Finally, assumedeconomic factors affect the results greatly, but in general, improving the U-value of CLT wallconstruction might be the most profitable then timber frame comes after, and then IsoTimbercomes in the last. Along with, return economic benefit from the improvement of all studiedwall constructions in single-story building is higher than the benefit in two-story building.