People choose partners based on different characteristics, however it is not clear whether they systematically choose partners with specific characteristics. It is also not clear what modulates partner preferences. One of the factors are parents, however the question is, whether parents influence all types of relationships (e.g. one-night stand, marriage etc.). The main objective was to analyze the consistency of mate choice in physical characteristics in heterosexual women. Another objective was to test paternal influence on the mate choice, and whether this influence differs among partners with whom women have children and partners with whom they don't. Last objective was to test whether the similarity between father and current partner influences the relationship and sexual satisfaction of the respondent. In total 693 heterosexual women, aged 18-45, participated in the research (average age = 30,7; SE = 5,9) and provided physical characteristics (weight, height, attractiveness, masculinity, eye color, hair color, facial masculinity, facial hair, musculature, BMI, relative height, body hair and leg length) of their father, current partner (with whom they had/were expecting children) and long term ex-partners (with whom they had no children), they completed the standardized questionnaire s-EMBU...

No description available.

Husbands and wives of 67 couples described themselves on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, described their spouses on an altered form of this test, and completed the Locke-Wallace Short Marital Adjustment Test. Results for each man were matched to a woman's results based on socio-cultrual similarity to create a comparison group of nonmarried couples. A chi-square test indicated that related spouses of the married group did not have more similar personalities than unrelated partners in the comparison group. An F-test suggested that actually, interspousal personality similarity affects marital adjustment for both sexes, but it is not affected by perceived similarity. Accuracy of perception on the introversion-extraversion scale had a positive effect on the marital adjustment of wives, but not of husbands.

The paper deals with the issue of getting acquainted and looking for a partnership with the aid of new technologies. The main goal is to show the impact of new media on the mate selection and, above all, to describe the course of a particular way of getting acquainted which is new to the Czech society, that is speed dating. The so-called mediated dating services - online dating portals and speed dating - are assessed in a comparative way. The empirical part is based on the analysis of dating websites and dating agencies. KEYWORDS: speed dating, online dating portals, mediated dating, mate selection, marriage market

Au cours des 150 dernières années, l'évolution de la coopération n'a cessé d'intriguer les biologistes de l'évolution. Les comportements coopératifs, qui procurent un avantage direct au bénéficiaire, ne peuvent être sélectionnés que si, pour le coopérateur, les bénéfices directs et/ou indirects dépassent le coût. De nombreuses observations chez l'Homme et chez d'autres espèces animales suggèrent que les comportements coopératifs pourraient être maintenus par la sélection sexuelle. Pourtant, ce champ de recherche est quasiment inexploré, que ce soit chez l'Homme ou chez les autres espèces sociales. Afin d'examiner le rôle potentiel de la sélection sexuelle sur les comportements coopératifs, deux modèles biologiques ont été utilisés : l'Homme et la Souris glaneuse (Mus spicilegus). Chez l'Homme, la propension à coopérer a été quantifiée dans deux populations humaines (française et sénégalaise) principalement par des méthodes empruntées à l'économie expérimentale (jeu du bien public). Chez la souris glaneuse, l'investissement individuel dans la construction collective d'un tumulus pour l'hivernage a été mesuré en captivité. Les résultats soutiennent partiellement nos prédictions, à savoir : (i) que les individus coopèrent davantage en présence de partenaires sexuels potentiels, (ii) que les coopérateurs sont préférés comme partenaires sexuels, et que (iii) ces préférences conduisent à un appariement selon la coopérativité. De plus, ils suggèrent que des traits physiques (visuels, olfactifs, ou acoustiques) puissent être utilisés pour détecter la coopérativité d'un individu. Chez l'Homme, en particulier, des traits statiques du visage, dont au moins certains sont lisibles inter-culturellement, semblent impliqués. Enfin, une éventuelle association entre les comportements coopératifs et une hormone sexuelle, la testostérone, a été examinée. Pris dans leur ensemble, nos résultats suggèrent que la sélection sexuelle pourrait être impliquée dans l'évolution et le maintien de la coopération et ouvrent donc la voie à de nouvelles recherches, examinant son influence dans diverses populations humaines, ainsi que dans de nombreuses autres espèces sociales. Mots clés : Coopération, Altruisme, Générosité, Investissement parental, Attractivité, Jeu du bien public, Choix de partenaire, Homogamie, signal de coopérativité et détection, Régulation hormonale, Testostérone. / Over the past 150 years, the evolution of cooperation has challenged evolutionary biologists. Cooperative behaviour provide a benefit to the recipient and can only be selected for if it also provides direct and/or indirect benefits to the actor that accepted the costs of the cooperative action. Many observations in humans and other animal species suggest that cooperative behaviour could be maintained by sexual selection. However, the hypothesis that sexual selection could be involved in the evolution of cooperation has not received much attention in the recent literature. In order to examine the potential role of sexual selection in cooperative behaviour, two biological models were used: humans and the Mound-building mouse (Mus spicilegus). In two human populations (French and Senegalese populations), cooperativeness was quantitatively measured, mainly by an economic game (the public good game). The spontaneous cooperativeness exhibited during collective mound-building for overwintering was assessed in captivity for Mus spicilegus. The results partly support our predictions: (i) individuals cooperativeness increase in the presence of potential sexual partners, (ii) cooperators are preferred as sexual partners, (iii) these preferences lead to assortative mating based on cooperativeness. Moreover, they suggest that physical traits (visual, olfactory, or acoustic) could be used to detect individual cooperativeness. In humans, static facial traits seem to be involved, and some of them appear to be inter-culturally readable. Finally, a potential association between cooperative behaviour and testosterone levels, a sex hormone, was examined. Together, these results suggest that sexual selection could be involved in the evolution and the maintenance of cooperation. Furthers studies are needed, in different human populations and in different social species, to further investigate the role of sexual selection in cooperative behaviour. Keywords: Cooperation, Altruism, Generosity, Parental investment, Attractiveness, Public Good Game, Mate choice, Homogamy, Detection, Signaling, Hormonal regulation, Testosterone.

Many critics have examined the shifting nature of female friendship in Jane Austen’s Emma from cultural and historical angles. However, a comprehensive scientific analysis of female-female alliance and competition in the novel remains incomplete. The Literary Darwinist approach considers the motivations of fictional characters from an evolutionary perspective, focusing primarily on human cognition and behaviors linked to reproductive success, social control, and survival. While overt physical displays of male competition are conspicuous in the actions of the human species and those of their closest primate relatives, female aggression is often brandished psychologically and indirectly, which makes for a much more precarious study. In this paper, cultural criticism and evolutionary psychology work together to unravel the most complicated and arcane layers of intrasexual competition between women in Emma. Ultimately, this dual interpretation of the novel steers readers towards a deeper understanding of Emma Woodhouse’s imperiled friendships, and by extension, their own.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:58:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 437800.pdf: 2143579 bytes, checksum: 27291e3f6641f7a5b986a21239266159 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-30 / The decaffeination of leaves of yerba mate is economically attractive, since it allows to obtain products of commercial interest and caffeine, a byproduct used in food and pharmaceutical industries. In this work we used the extraction and precipitation with supercritical carbon dioxide to obtain the decaffeinated yerba mate and micro/nanoparticles of the caffeine. The decaffeinated yerba mate and extract were obtained from the dry leaves on automated pilot plant. The mathematical modeling was realized with the extraction curves defining the condition of the pressure and temperature for higher yield and lower caffeine content in yerba mate. For the micronization process based on the use of supercritical carbon dioxide as antisolvent (SAS process, Supercritical AntiSolvent) it was used a semi-continuous pilot plant. The influence of the initial concentration, the temperature and the pressure in the yield, in the particle size, in the morphology and polymorphism were analyzed. The results demonstrated that carbon dioxide is selective for caffeine and the condition which obtains higher yields of extract and less content of the caffeine in the extracted yerba mate was 15.0 MPa and 323,15 K . The average reduction of caffeine in yerba mate was 40%. The particles were micronized from caffeine solution with dichloromethaneand the analysis of the product showed a narrower range of sizes (2.5 to 6.5 μm) in comparison to unprocessed caffeine (12.2 μm) with an increment of the purity of caffeine. We also found that with proper selection of process parameters such as temperature, pressure and initial concentration, it is possible to produce particles of caffeine with different degrees of crystallinity and distinct quantities of polimorphics. / A descafeiniza??o de folhas de erva-mate ? economicamente atrativa, pois possibilita a obten??o de produtos descafeinados de interesse comercial e cafe?na, um bioproduto utilizado na ind?stria aliment?cia e farmac?utica. Neste trabalho utilizaram-se a extra??o e a precipita??o supercr?tica com di?xido de carbono para obten??o da erva mate descafeinada e de micro/nanopart?culas de cafe?na. A ervamate descafeinada e o extrato foram obtidos a partir da erva-mate seca em uma planta piloto automatizada. Com as curvas de extra??o procedeu-se a modelagem matem?tica definindo qual a condi??o de press?o e temperatura de extra??o para maior rendimento e menor teor de cafe?na na erva-mate. O processo de microniza??o baseou-se no uso do di?xido de carbono supercr?tico como antisolvente (processo SAS Supercritical Antisolvent) em uma planta piloto semicont?nua. A influ?ncia da concentra??o inicial, temperatura e press?o no rendimento, tamanho de part?cula, morfologia e polimorfismo foram analisados. Os resultados demonstraram que o di?xido de carbono ? seletivo para a cafe?na e que a condi??o em que se obt?m o maior rendimento de extrato e menor quantidade em massa de cafe?na na erva-mate extra?da ? a de 15,0 MPa e 323,15 K. A redu??o m?dia da cafe?na na erva-mate foi de 40%. As part?culas de cafe?na foram micronizadas a partir de solu??es com diclorometano. A an?lise do produto apresentou uma faixa mais estreita de tamanhos (2,5 a 6,5 μm) em compara??o com a cafe?na n?o processada (12,2 μm), com aumento de pureza da cafe?na. Foi encontrado tamb?m que com adequada sele??o dos par?metros do processo como temperatura, press?o e concentra??o inicial, ? poss?vel produzir part?culas de cafe?na com distintos graus de cristalinidade e diferentes quantidades dos polim?rficos.

Sverige toppar listan över singelhushåll i Europa samtidigt som dejtingsajterna blomstrar. Syftet var att undersöka vilka egenskaper som män och kvinnor tyckte var viktiga i val av en potentiell romantisk partner utifrån Sexuell Economics Theory (SET) och positiv psykologi. Deltagarna (50 män, 50 kvinnor) i åldern 21 – 65 från hela Sverige, skattade hur viktiga 30 egenskaper var. Både män och kvinnor ansåg att egenskaper med aspekter från den positiva psykologin var viktigare än de kopplade till sexuella resurser och ekonomiska och omsorgsresurser. I linje med SET värderade män sexuella resurser högre än kvinnorna. Både män och kvinnor ansåg att ärlig, snäll, ville dela livet med dig, varm och omtänksam ochhumor varde viktigaste egenskaperna hos en potentiell romantisk partner.Studien har bidragit med en bättre förståelse kring vad som är viktigt när en livspartner sökes. Vidare forskning förslås undersöka flera egenskaper kopplade till positiv psykologi i jämställda länder.

Este estudo versa sobre a temática da inovação em Arranjos Produtivos Locais (APLs) de erva-mate no sul do Brasil. Trata-se de um setor relevante no cenário econômico de diversos municípios dos estados do Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina e Paraná e que vem apresentando mudanças com acirramento da competitividade no mercado. Estas mudanças têm estimulado o desenvolvimento de inovações no setor, definindo a seguinte problemática: quais os processos de aprendizado, tipos de conhecimento e relações de interação presentes nos arranjos produtivos de erva-mate no sul do Brasil, e como influenciam na dinâmica inovativa destes arranjos? Para responder este problema de pesquisa, o objetivo deste trabalho consiste em compreender a dinâmica inovativa de arranjos produtivos locais de erva-mate no sul do Brasil, a partir dos processos de aprendizado, tipos de conhecimento e relações de interação estabelecidas. Como embasamento teórico utilizou-se da corrente evolucionária que entende a inovação como um processo interativo, com a contribuição de vários agentes econômicos e sociais, discutindo a importância da dimensão local para a análise, bem como a influência dos processos de aprendizado, tipo de conhecimento e relações estabelecidas na dinâmica inovativa dos arranjos produtivos estudados. Na abrangência deste estudo, foram definidos dois arranjos produtivos, compreendendo os municípios de Ilópolis, Arvorezinha e Putinga, no Rio Grande do Sul (arranjo produtivo RS), e outro que abrangeu os municípios de São Mateus e Cruz Machado, no Paraná, e Canoinhas, no estado de Santa Catarina (arranjo PR e SC). Para atingir o objetivo proposto houve duas etapas de campo neste trabalho. No estudo exploratório, foram entrevistados, através de um roteiro de perguntas abertas, nove informantes-chave do setor ervateiro nos três estados do Sul do Brasil. A segunda etapa de campo envolveu a coleta de dados em 22 organizações processadoras de erva-mate, através de questionários com perguntas abertas e fechadas, e a entrevista de 13 agentes locais. Os resultados demonstram a importância histórica da produção de erva-mate nestes arranjos produtivos, desenvolvida por agricultores familiares e organizações processadoras de erva-mate de pequeno porte. Estas organizações, através das relações de interação estabelecidas com fontes de informação externas à organização, promovem o desenvolvimento das inovações neste setor. De modo geral, foi possível compreender que a dinâmica inovativa nos arranjos produtivos estudados, respeitando as suas especificidades, é influenciada principalmente pelo processo de aprendizado por interação, através do estabelecimento de relações entre agentes locais e o compartilhamento do conhecimento tácito dos mesmos. Mesmo apresentando configurações próprias, a proximidade entre os agentes dos dois arranjos estudados facilita o estabelecimento de relações, o que resulta em uma dinâmica inovativa semelhante, através dos mesmos processos de aprendizado e tipos de conhecimento. Contribuindo para o surgimento de inovações, ressalta-se a importância das informações difundidas por fornecedores de equipamentos, varejo, produtores e consumidores. / This study deals with the theme of innovation in Local Productive Arrangements (LPAs) of yerba mate in southern Brazil. It is an important sector in the economic scenario of several municipalities in the states of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina and Paraná and has shown changes with the intensification in the competitiveness of the market. These changes have stimulated the development of innovations in the industry, setting the following issues: what are the learning processes, types of knowledge and interaction relationships present in productive arrangements of yerba mate in southern Brazil, and how they influence the innovative dynamics of these arrangements? To answer this research problem, the aim of this study is to understand the innovative dynamics of local yerba mate productive arrangements in southern Brazil, from learning processes, types of knowledge and established interactive relationships. As theoretical basis used, the evolutionary chain that understands innovation as an interactive process, with the contribution of various economic and social agents, discussing the importance of the local dimension to the analysis, as well as the influence of the learning process, kind of knowledge and relations established in innovative dynamics of the productive arrangements studied. The scope of this study, two productive arrangements were defined, comprising the Ilópolis, Arvorezinha and Putinga cities in Rio Grande do Sul state (productive arrangement RS) the other covering São Mateus and Cruz Machado cities, Parana state, and Canoinhas city, in Santa Catarina state (arrangement PR and SC). To achieve the proposed objective there were two field steps in this work. In the exploratory study were interviewed, through a script of open questions, nine key-informants of this sector in the three southern Brazilian states. The second field stage involved collecting data in 22 organizations processing of yerba mate, through questionnaires with open and closed questions, and the interview of 13 local agents. The results demonstrate the historical importance of yerba mate production in these productive arrangements, developed by family farmers and small processors of yerba mate. These organizations, through the interaction of relationships with external sources of information to the organization and especially the internal arrangement, promote the development of innovations in this sector. Overall, it was possible to understand that the dynamics in innovative productive arrangements studied, respecting their specificities, it is mainly influenced by the learning process interaction, through the establishment of relations between local actors and the sharing of tacit knowledge thereof. Even with own settings, the proximity between the agents of the two studied arrangements facilitates the establishment of relationships, which results in a similar innovative dynamics, through the same learning processes and types of knowledge. Contributing to the emergence of innovations, it emphasizes the importance of the information disseminated by equipment suppliers, retailers, producers and consumers.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T19:24:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ionete Lucia Milani Barzotto.pdf: 417240 bytes, checksum: e5dbf1481e59ec3d55e125fe1dd6cedf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-07-02 / The Paraguay tea (Ilex paraguariensis) is a plant of economic importance to Brazil, mainly to the southern states, where most production and consumption. The leaves are industrialized aiming at preparing tea, mate, soluble powder, and the obtaining of active pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. The Gyropsylla spegazziniana (Hemíptera: Psyllidae) is considered a pest of Paraguay tea, since it causes hypertrophy of new leaves, giving rise to a symptom known as "Paraguay tea bulb , a structure that houses the nymphs, which feed this site until close to adulthood. The damaged leaves usually fall and reduce crop yield. As the Paraguay tea is consumed practically 'in natura', the use of chemicals is not recommended. The use of insecticidal plants is an alternative for pest control of this culture as it does not pose risks to the environment or to humans. The objective of this study was to test the efficiency of extracts of Eucalyptus spp., Azadirachta indica, Melia azedarach, Cymbopogon citratus, Chrysanthemum spp, Trichilia pallida, Leucaena leucocephala, Chenopodium ambrosioides and Annona squamosa for the control of G. spegazziniana in laboratory conditions. In order to do an initial screening were tested ethanol extracts of 25% aqueous to 20%, and a commercial product based on neem seed (Organic Neem ®), 10%, and selected the ones that caused at least 50 % mortality. The control does not receive any treatment. The extracts were sprayed prior and subsequent to infestation of insects on test plants or twigs of Paraguay tea. In the first stage, the only effective treatment in prior spray was 20% aqueous extract of Chrysanthemum spp (85%). The alcoholic extracts of 25%, using the same method showed better results: A. squamosa (93.6%), T. pallida (90.4%), C. citratus (58.2%), Eucalyptus spp (51.6%) and M. azedarach (64.5%). In the method of spraying later, Eucalyptus spp, and M. azedarach aqueous, with 77.7% and 70.5% respectively, showed potential for insect control. L. leucocephala (100%), Chrysanthemum spp 85.5%), C. citratus (55.5%), A. squamosa (51.6%), C. ambrosioides (55.5%) alcoholics were more effective. After dilution to 10%, only the extract of C. citratus alcoholic and the commercial product, with the method of spraying later showed potential insecticidal, with a mortality rate above 50%. / A erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis) é uma planta de importância econômica para o Brasil, principalmente para os estados da região Sul, onde se concentram a produção e consumo. As folhas são industrializadas visando ao preparo de chás, chimarrão, pó solúvel, bem como à obtenção de princípios ativos farmacêuticos e cosméticos. A Gyropsylla spegazziniana (Hemíptera: Psyllidae) é considerada uma das principais pragas da erva-mate, pois causa hipertrofia de folhas novas, dando origem ao sintoma conhecido com ampola-da-erva-mate , estrutura que abriga as ninfas, que se alimentam neste local, até próximo da fase adulta. As folhas danificadas geralmente caem e reduzem o rendimento da cultura. Sendo a erva-mate consumida praticamente in natura, o uso de agroquímicos não é recomendado. O emprego de plantas inseticidas é alternativa para o controle das pragas desta cultura, já que não oferecem riscos ao ambiente nem ao ser humano. Assim, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi testar a eficiência de extratos de Eucalyptus spp., Azadirachta indica, Melia azedarach, Cymbopogon citratus, Chrysanthemum spp., Trichilia pallida, Leucaena leucocephala, Chenopodium ambrosioides e Annona squamosa no controle de G. spegazziniana, em condições de laboratório. Para fazer uma seleção inicial, foram testados extratos etanólicos a 25%, aquosos a 20%, e um produto comercial à base de sementes de neem (Organic neem®), a 10% e foram selecionados os que causaram, no mínimo, 50% de mortalidade. O controle não recebeu tratamento algum. Os extratos foram pulverizados prévia e posteriormente à infestação dos insetos-teste nas mudas ou galhos de erva-mate. Na primeira etapa, o único tratamento eficiente, na pulverização prévia foi o extrato aquoso a 20% de Chrysanthemum spp. (85%). Os extratos alcoólicos a 25%, com a utilização do mesmo método demonstraram melhores resultados: A. squamosa (93,6%), T. pallida (90,4%), C. citratus (58,2%), Eucalyptus spp (51,6%) e M. azedarach (64,5%). No método de pulverização posterior, o Eucalyptus spp, e a M. azedarach aquosos, com 77,7% e 70,5% respectivamente, demonstraram potencial para controle do inseto. A L. leucocephala (100%), Chrysanthemum spp 85,5%), C. citratus (55,5%), A. squamosa (51,6%), C. ambrosioides (55,5%) alcoólicos foram os mais eficazes. Após a diluição a 10%, apenas o extrato de C. citratus alcoólico e o produto comercial, com o método de pulverização posterior, demonstraram potencial inseticida, com mortalidade acima de 50%.