Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:37:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FELIPE AUGUSTO RIBEIRO PIRES.pdf: 491123 bytes, checksum: 3e37f0829778c0b0a73b8bd0fc893f3f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-29 / Winnicott s creativity concept is fundamental in his theory and original within psychoanalysis. In this work it s been studied under the maturational process's point of view. A comprehension of creativity s participation in each stage of individual development was chased. Creativity is to Winnicott an innate human potential. The author believes that since intra-uterine stage psyche has its begin on a creative way on what he calls imaginative elaboration . On the firsts relationships with the mother the experience of primary creativity occurs with the omnipotent illusion of the baby of creating what he gets in contact with. Starting from this the process of constitution of the self can initiate, which is only possible through creative experiences. In the following phases and throughout life creative existence is essential and only with it is possible to have pleasure and sense meaning in what you do. Creativity is present on playing, arts, religion and cultural activities in general. It s being possible to conclude that according to winnicottian theory creative living is necessary so there is health, deviations on maturational process resulting in creative deficiency has as consequence a sick personality. To Winnicott creativity is prior to experience and the personal nucleus from where it comes remains forever unaltered allowing the maintenance of the feeling of creating the world throughout life. We think it s important to attempt to social valorization of utility and productivity that opposes to creative experience whose end is in itself / O conceito de criatividade de Winnicott é fundamental em sua teoria e original dentro da psicanálise. Neste trabalho ele foi estudado sob o ponto de vista do amadurecimento pessoal. Buscou-se uma compreensão acerca da participação da criatividade em cada etapa do desenvolvimento do indivíduo. Ela é, para Winnicott, um potencial humano inato. O autor acredita que, desde a fase intra-uterina, a psique tem seu início de forma criativa no que ele chama de elaboração imaginativa . Nos primeiros relacionamentos com a mãe ocorre a experiência da criatividade primária com a ilusão onipotente do bebê de estar criando aquilo com o que entra em contato. A partir disto pode se iniciar o processo de constituição do simesmo, que só é possível por meio de experiências criativas. Nas etapas seguintes e por toda a vida a existência criativa é essencial e somente com ela pode-se ter prazer e perceber sentido no que se faz. A criatividade está presente no brincar, nas artes, religião e atividades culturais em geral. Pôde-se concluir que, de acordo com a teoria winnicottiana, o viver criativo é necessário para que haja saúde, desvios no amadurecimento resultantes na deficiência criativa têm como consequência uma personalidade doente. Para Winnicott a criatividade é anterior à experiência e o núcleo pessoal de onde ela provém permanece para sempre inalterado permitindo a manutenção do sentimento de criar o mundo ao longo da vida. Pensamos ser importante atentar à valorização social da utilidade e produtividade que se opõe à experiência criativa cujo fim está em si mesma

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:38:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alice Mccaffrey Busnardo.pdf: 1054727 bytes, checksum: e2ef9a2dc70df91263e818dde1806906 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-01 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / was to verify and discuss the correlation between the concept of creativity, coined by the pediatrician and psychoanalyst Donald Woods Winnicott, and the exercise of psychoanalytic clinical activity. To this end, in a type of contextualization, and always taking in consideration the premise of the author that every human being has an innate tendency for maturation and a creative potential also innate , the connection among the diverse stages of human emotional maturation and their respective creative processes was sought (given the fact that each stage of growth, the potential and its creative expression develop in a specific manner). Subsequently, what we refer to as the psychopathology of creativity was conceived and described; in other words, in the case of problems during the course of development, essentially derived from an insufficiency in the environment, the way in which creative realizations are attained, and which psychic disturbances may appear associated with such complications, were investigated. As far as the clinic is concerned, certain elements that make up the analytic attitude of Winnicott focalizing on the way they appear intrinsically linked to the notion of creativity adopted by the author were presented. Lastly, as an illustration, a clinical session realized by Winnicott is discussed, in which the articulation of the concept of creativity is quite evident. It seemed to us essential to try to comprehend more and more how this author structured his theory a theory constructed in response to practical problems of the clinic in order to better meet the necessities of the care given to those who have their lives limited by psychic impediment. This concern seemed to bring together, at the same time, the objective and the relevance of this investigation. Psychic disturbances affect numberless people. The psychoanalytic clinic suggested a way of treatment. We consider that the winnicottian psychoanalytic clinic points to directions that have shown themselves to be elucidative and of relevant and practical repercussion. In the case of the specific theme of this study, the investigation of the fundamental concept of creativity seemed to be of great interest for the indication of clinical directions. Having verified and discussed the connection between Winnicott s concept of creativity and the action of the psychoanalyst, this research project attempted to find ways in which to better reflect and act in the environment of the psychoanalytic clinic, while also taking on the risk of the intention of proposing questions for debate among those who dedicate themselves to the treatment of psychologically ill persons / Este trabalho teve como intenção fundamental a realização de uma investigação que pretendeu averiguar e discutir a correlação entre o conceito de criatividade, cunhado pelo pediatra e psicanalista Donald Woods Winnicott, e o exercício da atividade clínica psicanalítica. Para tanto, numa espécie de contextualização, e sempre levando-se em conta a premissa do autor de que todo ser humano possui uma tendência inata ao amadurecimento e um potencial criativo também inato, procurou-se explicitar a ligação entre os diferentes estágios do amadurecimento emocional humano e os respectivos processos criativos, uma vez que em cada etapa do crescimento, o potencial e a expressão criativa desenvolvem-se de maneira específica. Em seqüência, foi descrito o que denominou-se psicopatologia da criatividade; ou seja, no caso de haver problemas no percurso de crescimento, essencialmente derivados de uma insuficiente provisão ambiental, de que modo as realizações criativas são atingidas e que distúrbios psíquicos podem vir associados a tais complicações. No que diz respeito à clínica, foram apresentados alguns elementos que compõem a atitude analítica winnicottiana, focalizando de que maneira eles parecem intrinsecamente vinculados à noção de criatividade sugerida pelo autor. Ao final, a título de ilustração, foi discutido um atendimento realizado por Winnicott, no qual é bastante reconhecível a articulação com a concepção de criatividade. Procurar compreender cada vez mais e melhor como este autor estruturou sua teoria teoria construída em resposta a problemas práticos da clínica pareceu-nos essencial no alcance da intenção de melhor corresponder aos cuidados necessários àqueles que têm sua vida limitada pelo adoecimento psíquico. Nisto reuniu-se, ao mesmo tempo, o objetivo e a relevância desta investigação. O distúrbio psíquico impõe-se a um sem número de pessoas. A clínica psicanalítica sugeriu um meio de tratamento. Consideramos que a clínica psicanalítica winnicottiana aponta caminhos que têm se mostrado elucidativos e de repercussão prática relevante. No caso do tema específico desta pesquisa, o estudo do conceito fundamental de criatividade, pareceu em muito auxiliar na indicação de direções clínicas. Tendo sido constatada e discutida a vinculação entre o conceito winnicottiano de criatividade e a atuação do psicanalista, esta pesquisa procurou encontrar subsídios para melhor refletir e atuar no âmbito da clínica psicanalítica, além de também arriscar-se na intenção de propor questões para o debate entre aqueles que se dedicam ao tratamento de pessoas psicologicamente enfermas

The purpose of this study was to compare the exercise and recovery muscle oxygenation response of Women and Girls during two 30s Wingate anaerobic tests separated by two minutes of active cycling recovery (resistance ≈ 2.5% body weight, 60-80rpm). Oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO2), deoxygenated hemoglobin (HHb), total hemoglobin (tHb), and tissue saturation index (TSI) were monitored at the right vastus lateralis muscle using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) throughout exercise, recovery, and a post-exercise femoral artery occlusion to TSI plateau. Pressure was preset at 250mmHg for Women and 210mmHg for Girls, achieved by rapid inflation in 0.3 seconds, and maintained until a 2 minute TSI plateau occurred or 10 minutes had passed. Twenty Women (23.8[2.12] years) and 13 Girls (9[1] years, combined Tanner stage <4) completed all tasks excepting 1 girl who did not complete occlusion. Significant group, time, and group by time interaction effects were observed for peak and mean power (Watts.kgFFM-1). Women had significantly greater power output compared to Girls for both Wingates. While both groups had reduced power output in Wingate 2, the reduction was significantly greater in Women compared to Girls. No significant group differences were found for resting TSI, recovery TSI, minimum TSI during either Wingate test, or for minimum TSI during occlusion, however a time main effect for Women was observed with minimum TSI being significantly lower in Wingate 1 compared to Wingate 2. Girls had similar minimum TSI for both Wingate tests. Women also demonstrated a significantly greater difference between Wingate minimum TSI and occlusion minimum TSI in Wingate 2 compared to Wingate 1. During Wingate 1, HHb increase was greater in Girls compared to Women and remained elevated during recovery compared to women. Changes in HbO2, HHb, and tHb were reduced in Wingate 2 for both groups, more so in Women for tHb and in Girls for HHb. Recovery was not different between groups with the exception of a faster TSI time constant of recovery in Women (τ =20.25 [13.01]s) compared to Girls (τ =36.77 [13.38]s) which is attributed to a faster HHb time constant in Women (τ =13.6 [0.44]s) compared to Girls (τ =30.77[19.47]s). Both groups demonstrated similar power output results and TSI response across the two Wingate tests but Girls were better able to repeat the anaerobic performance with a consistent TSI minimum between the two tests despite a faster recovery of HHb and TSI in women. These findings, in the context of observed Hb variable differences between groups, provide evidence of greater oxidative metabolism in Girls during a high intensity exercise. / Graduate / December 18, 2016

Apprendre de nouvelles connaissances et savoir-faire sensorimoteurs dans des environnements réels entraine un grand nombre de défis majeurs pour les robots d'aujourd'hui. Pour acquérir de nouveaux comportements, ceux-ci ont besoin d'explorer des espaces sensorimoteurs qui possèdent généralement les caractéristiques d'être de grande dimensionnalité, de grands volumes, redondants, et de comporter des zones de complexités différentes. Dans cette thèse qui entre dans le cadre de la robotique développementale, nous proposons différents processus permettant de guider et contraindre une acquisition autonome de comportements sensorimoteurs nouveaux dans de tels espaces. Nous proposons une approche unifiée de résolution de ces problèmes qui prend inspiration des phénomènes de contraintes développementales présentés en biologie et psychologie, et plus particulièrement des motivations intrinsèques et des contraintes maturationnelles. Après la formalisation de cadres computationnels basés sur ces notions, nous présentons trois architectures algorithmiques différentes, chacune réutilisée de manière intégrée dans la suivante:La première, appelée RIAC, pour Robust-Intelligent Adaptive Curiosity, correspond à l'implémentation d'un algorithme d'apprentissage actif développemental permettant d'orienter l'exploration dans des espaces bornés et de dimensionnalité connue, possédant des régions de différents niveaux de complexités. Ce système, qui utilise des heuristiques prenant inspiration des mécanismes de motivations intrinsèques basées sur les connaissances, permet de diriger efficacement une exploration progressive de nouvelles connaissances sensorimotrices, qui correspondent à l'apprentissage de modèles directs. Il entraine aussi l'émergence de trajectoires développementales auto-organisées relatives à l'orientation de l'exploration sensorimotrice vers des activités de complexités intermédiaires.Ensuite, nous proposons l'algorithme SAGG-RIAC, pour Self-Adaptive Goal Generation - RIAC, en tant que mécanisme d'exploration intrinsèquement motivée basée sur les compétences, qui permet à des robots dont les espaces sensorimoteurs sont de grandes dimensions, hautement redondants, et possédant des schémas corporels différents, d'apprendre efficacement et activement de nouveaux comportements moteurs dans leurs espaces de tâches. L'idée principale de cet algorithme est d'orienter le robot à effectuer un babillage actif dans un espace des tâches de faible dimensionnalité, en opposition à un babillage moteur effectué dans un espace de contrôle de plus grande dimension, en auto-générant activement et adaptivement des objectifs dans les régions de l'espace des tâches qui fournissent les meilleures améliorations de compétences, pour l'atteinte d'objectifs précédemment tentés. Enfin, nous introduisons l'algorithme McSAGG-RIAC, pour Maturationally-Constrained SAGG-RIAC, qui repose sur le couplage de modèles computationnels de motivations intrinsèques et de contraintes maturationnelles physiologiques. Nous argumentons que ces mécanismes peuvent avoir des interactions bidirectionnelles complexes permettant le contrôle actif de l'augmentation de la complexité du développement sensorimoteur, afin de diriger une exploration et un apprentissage efficaces. Nous introduisons plus particulièrement un modèle fonctionnel des contraintes maturationnelles inspiré par le processus de myélinisation chez les humains, et montrons comment celui-ci peut être couplé avec l'algorithme SAGG-RIAC. Nous montrons qualitativement et quantitativement que cette approche intégrée des trois architectures présentées pendant cette thèse permet de répondre à certaines des problématiques des environnements réels, en contrôlant la complexité, le volume, la dimensionnalité et la redondance des comportements explorés de manière intrinsèque au robot, diminuant de manière importante la nécessité de contraindre et préparer l'environnement de manière externe. / Learning new sensorimotor knowledge and know-how in real environments leads to an important number of challenges for today's robots. In order to learn new skills, they need to explore sensorimotor spaces which are generally high-dimensional, high-volume, redundant, and possess areas of heterogenous levels of complexity. In this thesis, introduced within the developmental robotics domain, we propose different processes in order to guide and constrain the autonomous acquisition of new sensorimotor skills in such spaces. We propose an unified approach in order to resolve these problems which takes inspiration from phenomenon of developmental constraints introduced in biology and psychology, and more particularly intrinsic motivations and maturational constraints. After formalizing a computational framework based on these notions, we present three different algorithmic architectures, each one reused in an integrated manner within the next one:The first one, called RIAC, for Robust-Intelligent Adaptive Curiosity, corresponds to the implementation of an active learning algorithm which orients the exploration in bounded spaces whose dimensionality is known and which possess regions of different levels of complexity. This system, which uses heuristics taking inspiration from knowledge based intrinsic motivations mechanisms, effectively directs a progressive exploration of new sensorimotor knowledge, which corresponds to the learning of forward models. It also leads to the emergence of self-organized developmental trajectories related to the orientation of the sensorimotor exploration toward activities of intermediate complexity. Then, we propose the SAGG-RIAC algorithm for Self-Adaptive Goal Generation - RIAC, as a competence based intrinsic motivations exploration mechanism, which allows highly-redundant robots whose sensorimotor spaces are high-dimensional to learn effectively and actively new motor skills in their task spaces. The main idea of this algorithm is to guide the robot to do active babbling in a low-dimensional task space, in contrast with a motor babbling carried out in a higher-dimensional control space, by actively and adaptively self-generating goals in regions of the task space which bring the highest improvement of competences for reaching previously attempted goals.Finally, we introduce the McSAGG-RIAC algorithm for Maturationally-Constrained SAGG-RIAC, which is based on a coupling of computational models of intrinsic motivation and physiological maturational constraints. We argue that these mechanisms may have complex bidirectional interactions allowing the active control of the increase of complexity in the sensorimotor development, in order to direct efficient learning and exploration processes. We introduce more particularly a functional model of maturational constraints inspired by the biological process of myelination, and show how this can be coupled with the SAGG-RIAC algorithm. We show qualitatively and quantitatively that this integrated approach of the three architectures introduced in this thesis answers some problematics raised by real environments, by controlling the complexity, volume, dimensionality and redundancy of skills explored in a manner intrinsic to the robot, thus decreasing in an important extent the necessity of constraining and preparing the environment in en external manner.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:37:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Katia Pavani da Silva Gomes.pdf: 865087 bytes, checksum: caf6ee0b4980e80a2e7c1af7bf4cff2b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-11-03 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This study presents the constitution of femininity in winnicottian psychoanalysis. Which can not be observed or presented as centered in the Oedipus Complex, nor even in the absence of the penis and how to deal with it. In winnicottian psychoanalysis the femininity is understood as part of the maturational process, based in instinctual and non instinctual relationships / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar a constituição da feminilidade a partir da psicanálise winnicottiana. A feminilidade a partir da teoria de Winnicott não pode ser pensada exclusivamente com base nas relações instintuais, e nem apenas a partir de uma pré-sexualidade feminina que centra a temática em torno da resolução do Complexo de Édipo e do modo com que a menina, a mulher, irá lidar com a falta do falo. Na psicanálise winnicottiana a constituição da feminilidade é compreendida acontecendo dentro do processo de amadurecimento humano e depende de aquisições surgidas de experiências vividas nas relações interpessoais com base instintual e não instintual

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[pt] O trabalho Ambiente esportivo e cuidado: repercussões no amadurecimento pessoal trata da facilitação ambiental ao processo de desenvolvimento do ser humano, proveniente de ações de cuidados advindas de fora do núcleo familiar. Tendo por base a teoria do amadurecimento pessoal de Winnicott, com ênfase em seus conceitos de ambiente facilitador e cuidado, buscou-se evidenciar as possibilidades que um ambiente esportivo tem de contribuir positivamente para a vida de crianças e adolescentes. Para tanto, elegeu-se um projeto social esportivo cuja filosofia preza pela formação de cidadãs, e não de atletas. Foram, então, selecionadas dez ex-participantes de suas atividades esportivo-educativas que tenham passado, no mínimo, cinco anos frequentando o projeto, e que tenham seguido carreiras diversas da esportiva. Realizou- se, então, uma entrevista com roteiro oculto semiestruturado, abordando os temas: histórico no projeto social, motivos de entrada, de permanência e de saída, aprendizados e o ambiente esportivo-educacional. Constatou-se, em seus discursos, que apesar de valorizadas, as questões esportivas são menos enfatizadas do que aquelas concernentes ao ambiente relacional do projeto. Estas, por sua vez, motivaram sua permanência e são responsabilizadas pelos aprendizados que as entrevistadas relatam terem tido. São também enfatizadas as repercussões da participação no projeto fora das quadras, em sua autoestima e sentimento de empoderamento perante a vida, no relacionamento interpessoal (em casa, no trabalho, na faculdade) e em seu senso ético. Para fins de análise dos dados das entrevistas, utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo, conforme proposto por Laurence Bardin. / [en] The work Sports environment and care: effects on maturational process deals with environmental facilitation: from care actions arising outside of the family environment, to the human development process itself. Based on Winnicott s theory of personal maturation, with emphasis on the concepts of facilitating environment and care, it sought to highlight the possibilities through which a sporting environment can positively contribute to the lives of children and adolescents. To achieve this goal, a specific sports social project whose philosophy values the formation of citizens, not athletes, was analyzed. Then, ten former participants of the social project s sporting and educational activities, who have spent at least five years attending the project, and who have followed different careers rather than becoming professional athletes, were selected and submitted to a semi-structured interview, with hidden script, on the following themes: personal records and history within the social project; input on reasons for enrolling, staying and leaving the project; personal growth and learning; and the sports-educational environment. It was found in their answers that, although cherished, the sports issues are less stressed than those concerning the relational aspects of attending a sports-educational environment. Such relational aspects, in fact, led to the respondents permanence in the project and were, according to them, responsible for the learning that they report having had. The impact of participation in the project off-court is also emphasized, especially concerning their self-esteem and sense of empowerment towards life, interpersonal relationships (at home, at work, in college) and in their sense of ethics. To analyze the interview data, content analysis, as proposed by Laurence Bardin, was used.

This thesis explores the role of age in second language (L2) acquisition and first language (L1) attrition. The focus is on Voice Onset Time (VOT) in the production and categorical perception of word-initial L1 and L2 stops in highly advanced L1 Spanish learners of L2 Swedish. Using as the point of departure a maturational constraints perspective and the Critical Period Hypothesis (CPH), Study I examines the impact of age of onset (AO) of L2 acquisition on the production of L2 Swedish voiceless stops. The results show that there are AO effects even in the speech of highly advanced L2 learners and that the incidence of nativelike L2 learners is considerably lower than earlier assumed. However, conclusions like these are only possible when speaking rate is accounted for, thereby highlighting the importance of speaking rate effects on VOT as a measure of nativelikeness. Like Study I, Study II reveals age effects on the same L2 learners’ categorical perceptions of L2 Swedish stops. Moreover, after combining the results with the data from Study I, the incidence of nativelike behavior drops remarkably with no late L2 learner performing within the range of native-speaker production and perception. The results suggest that L2 acquisition of phonetic/phonological aspects is especially sensitive to AO effects. It is concluded that theories on maturational constraints, including the CPH, cannot be refuted on the basis of the present data. Study III concerns the same participants’ production and perception of L1 Spanish stops. Age of reduced contact (ARC) is identified as an important predictor for L1 attrition and retention of voiceless stop production, although not of stop perception. This discrepancy is related to different activation thresholds as proposed by the Activation Threshold Hypothesis (ATH). It is further suggested that early bilinguals are more dependent on high-frequency L1 use than late bilinguals when compensating for age effects, but only in production. / <p>At the time of doctoral defence the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 1: Accepted. Paper 2: In press. Paper 3: Manuscript.</p> / Age of onset and ultimate attainment in second language acquisition, The Bank of Sweden Tercentenary Foundation, grant no. 1999-0383:01 / First language attrition in advanced second language speakers, Swedish Research Council, grant no. 421-2004-1975

Text in English / One of the critical challenges associated with migration is a need to acquire a destination language, which has never been an easy experience for immigrants. This study aims at exploring and analysing experiences of Malawian immigrant labourers in their process of acquiring spoken skills of isiZulu in Durban. In order to understand the phenomenon under investigation better, this study used a qualitative research approach and adopted a phenomenological research design. The data for this study was collected using semi structured one-to-one interviews. The data were analysed using content analysis method and was approached and discussed in light of Schumann‟s (1986) Acculturation Model and frame works and a destination–language acquisition model of Chiswick and Miller (2001). Empirical findings from this study have shown that adults; just like children, are also capable of mastering a second language if they can manage both social and psychological factors that impede acquisition. / Linguistics and Modern Languages / M.A. (Linguistics)