In the field of maxillofacial surgery, the treatment for the recovery of the fracture at condyle region of the mandible has been carried out using Bio-metals such as Titanium, Cobalt, Stainless-Steel because they were considered the standard materials for Implant plate devices for fracture fixation. Using these materials have led to undesired disturbances where the patient must undergo secondary surgery after recovery leading to exposure of the fracture site to the surrounding, metal-ion release into the human system, stress-shielding and interruption during imaging i.e. (Computerized tomography scans). The healing of the mandible requires a delicate and stable fixation procedure for the bone structure to heal. Bio-resorbable materials are the renovation for substituting metals for recovery of the fracture. The main dis-advantage using resorbable plates is absence of mechanical strength and stability. Bio-composites are the innovation for the treatment of the fractures the main study for this thesis is comparing the combination bio-ceramic and bio-resorbable materials using Finite Element Analysis software.

Introduction Intraoral soft tissue infections (OSTI) are a common problem in dentistry and oral surgery. These abscesses are mostly exacerbated dental infections (OIDC), and some emerge as postoperative infections (POI) after tooth extraction (OITR) or apicoectomy (OIRR). The main aim of this study was to compare OIDC with POI, especially looking at the bacteria involved. An additional question was, therefore, if different antibiotic treatments should be used with OSTI of differing aetiologies. The impact of third molars on OSTI was evaluated and also the rates of POI after removal of third molars were specified. Materials and methods Patient data was collected from the patients' medical records and the results were statistically evaluated with SPSS (SPSS version 21.0; SPSS, IBM; Chicago, IL, USA). The inclusion criterion was the outpatient treatment of a patient with an exacerbated oral infection; the exclusion criteria were an early stage of infiltration without abscess formation; and a need for inpatient treatment. Results Periapical exacerbated infections, especially in the molar region were the commonest cause of OIDC. In the OITR group, mandibular tooth removal was the commonest factor (p=0.016). Remarkably, retained lower wisdom teeth led 91 to significant number of cases in the OITR group (p=0.022). Conclusions In our study we could not define differences between the causal bacteria found in patients with OIDC and POI. Due to resistance rates we conclude that amoxicillin combined with clavulanic acid seems to be the antibiotic standard for exacerbated intraoral infections independent of their aetiology. / Einführung Intraorale Weichteilinfektionen (OSTI) sind ein häufiges Problem in der Zahnmedizin und Kieferchirurgie. Diese Abszesse sind meist dentalen Ursprungs(OIDC), einige wiederum treten als postoperative Infektionen (POI) nach einer Zahnextraktion (OITR) oder Wurzelspitzenresektion (Oirr) auf. Das Hauptziel dieser Studie war es OIDC mit POI zu vergleichen. Ein weiteres Ziel war es, die unterschiedlichen antibiotischen Behandlungen bei OSTI unterschiedlicher Ätiologien gegeneinander abzuwägen. Die Auswirkungen der dritten Molaren auf OSTI wurde ebenfalls untersucht, und auch die Rate von POI nach Entfernung der dritten Molaren wurden angegeben. Material und Methode Die Patientendaten wurden durch die Analyse der Aufzeichnungen und Akten erhoben. Die Ergebnisse wurden statistisch ausgewertet mit SPSS (SPSS Version 21.0, SPSS, IBM, Chicago, IL, USA). Einschlusskriterium war die ambulante Behandlung eines Patienten mit dem Krankheitsbild einer intraoralen Infektion. Die Ausschlusskriterien waren ein frühes Stadium der Infiltration ohne Abszessbildung und die Notwendigkeit einer stationären Behandlung. Ergebnisse Apikale Parodontitiden, vor allem im Bereich der Molaren waren die häufigste Ursache für OIDC. In der OITR Gruppe war Zahnentfernung die häufigste Ursache (p = 0,016). Bemerkenswerterweise führte die Entfernung von unteren Weisheitszähnen zu einer erheblichen Anzahl von Fällen in der OITR Gruppe (p = 0,022). Schlussfolgerungen In unserer Studie konnten wir keine Unterschiede zwischen der bakteriellen Flora bei Patienten mit OIDC und POI erörtern. Aufgrund der aktuellen Resistenzraten, ziehen wir die Schlussfolgerung, dass Amoxicillin kombiniert mit Clavulansäure das Antibiotikum der Wahl für intraorale Infektionen, unabhängig von deren Ätiologie, zu sein scheint.

Thesis--University of Oklahoma. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 64-65).

Objectives: (1) To calculate rates for maxillofacial (MF) injury-related visits in emergency departments (EDs) and hospitals in Ontario; (2) To investigate socio-demographic distribution of MF injuries; (3) To identify common causes for MF injuries. Methods: An 8-year retrospective study design was implemented. Two datasets were used: Discharge Abstract Database and National Ambulatory Care Reporting System. Color-coded maps were created using ArcGIS. Results: From 2004 to 2012 in Ontario, 1,457,990 ED visits and 41,057 hospitalizations due to MF injuries were registered. MF injuries are most frequent in males and occur mainly in evenings (7:00 to 9:00 pm) and weekends. Higher rates of MF injury are seen in rural areas and low-income neighborhoods. The leading cause of MF injuries is falls. Conclusion: 3 out of 100 ED visits and 1 out of 200 hospitalizations were caused by MF injury. Male youth and female older people suffered high rates of MF injury.

Objectives: (1) To calculate rates for maxillofacial (MF) injury-related visits in emergency departments (EDs) and hospitals in Ontario; (2) To investigate socio-demographic distribution of MF injuries; (3) To identify common causes for MF injuries. Methods: An 8-year retrospective study design was implemented. Two datasets were used: Discharge Abstract Database and National Ambulatory Care Reporting System. Color-coded maps were created using ArcGIS. Results: From 2004 to 2012 in Ontario, 1,457,990 ED visits and 41,057 hospitalizations due to MF injuries were registered. MF injuries are most frequent in males and occur mainly in evenings (7:00 to 9:00 pm) and weekends. Higher rates of MF injury are seen in rural areas and low-income neighborhoods. The leading cause of MF injuries is falls. Conclusion: 3 out of 100 ED visits and 1 out of 200 hospitalizations were caused by MF injury. Male youth and female older people suffered high rates of MF injury.

Objectives: To examine the effectiveness of systematic search strategy training for the analysis of panoramic images. Methods: 41 students and 33 experienced dentists were recruited from King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia. At baseline, participants analyzed 15 panoramic images, diagnosed whether the images were normal or abnormal, and marked the locations of the abnormalities. One week later, participants in the trained group were shown a training module illustrating a systematic strategy to analyze panoramic images. At post-test, they analyzed 15 new images matched for difficulty with pre-test images. Results: Mixed design ANOVAs revealed that for abnormality detection in the complex part of the panoramic image, trained students improved from baseline but dentists did not. The number of findings over-reported by students and dentists increased after training. Discussion: This study suggests some benefits in the systematic search strategy training for novices. Inclusion of training in normal panoramic features may reduce over-reported findings.

Objectives: To examine the effectiveness of systematic search strategy training for the analysis of panoramic images. Methods: 41 students and 33 experienced dentists were recruited from King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia. At baseline, participants analyzed 15 panoramic images, diagnosed whether the images were normal or abnormal, and marked the locations of the abnormalities. One week later, participants in the trained group were shown a training module illustrating a systematic strategy to analyze panoramic images. At post-test, they analyzed 15 new images matched for difficulty with pre-test images. Results: Mixed design ANOVAs revealed that for abnormality detection in the complex part of the panoramic image, trained students improved from baseline but dentists did not. The number of findings over-reported by students and dentists increased after training. Discussion: This study suggests some benefits in the systematic search strategy training for novices. Inclusion of training in normal panoramic features may reduce over-reported findings.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Thesis (M.Sc. (Maxillofacial Prosthetics))--Mahidol University, 2008. / LICL has E-Thesis 0043 ; please contact computer services. LIRV has E-Thesis 0043 ; please contact circulation services.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1966.