Hydrocyclones can be used to fractionate fibres according to their papermaking potential. The obtained fractions typically differ in fibre wall thickness and/or degree of fibre treatment. Despite a multitude of potential application scenarios, the process has so far had little commercial success. This is largely explained by the low fractionation efficiency and unfavourable operating characteristics of the process. The fractionation efficiency of a hydrocyclone is closely related to its flow field. The influence of pulp concentration on the tangential velocity field was therefore studied, by using a self-cleaning pitometer. It was found that the pulp concentration had a strong influence on the tangential velocity. At a feed pulp concentration above 7.5 g/l, the suspension rotated almost as a solid body. As a consequence, the magnitude of radial acceleration and shear stresses decreased dramatically. It is suggested that this is detrimental to the fractionation efficiency. The radial velocity field was measured using an Ultrasonic Velocity Profiler. The measurements showed that the rotational centre of the flow field did not correspond with the geometrical centre of the hydrocyclone. This displacement caused the tangential velocity component of the vortex to contribute substantially to the measurement result of the radial velocity component. Based on the findings in respect to the flow field studies, a novel design for a fibre fractionation hydrocyclone was proposed. The flow field inside this hydrocyclone was compared to that in a conventional hydrocyclone. It was found, that high radial acceleration and shear stresses could be maintained in the novel design even at high fibre concentration. The fractionation efficiency of the novel hydrocyclone was characterised in terms of surface roughness difference between fine and coarse fraction. When operated with refined bleached softwood kraft pulp, the novel hydrocyclone could produce fractions with a substantial surface roughness difference without deteriorating the dewatering characteristics of the fine fraction. A low thickening of the reject is proposed to be the explanation for that. When fractionating TMP, the best efficiency occurred at a concentration of 10 g/l. / QC 20100804

It has been desirable for years to develop non-intrusive/non-invasiveprocedures to determine the pressures and stresses at various levels andinterfaces in the railroad track structure in order to optimize track designs andimprove subsequent track performance. Recent research has developedsatisfactory procedures for measuring pressures in the track structure at theballast/subballast/subgrade levels using earth pressure cells. The researchreported in this thesis documents the development of a technique for measuringthe pressures in the track, at the rail/tie plate/tie interfaces, using a very thinpressure sensitive Tekscan sensor. The Tekscan Measurement System uses asensor composed of a matrix-based array of force sensitive cells, similar to ministrain gauges, to obtain accurate pressure distributions between two surfaces inthe track. This thesis specifically describes: 1) the optimum procedure to installthe sensors into the track, 2) the recommended practices to effectively collectdata with the software, and 3) the accepted techniques for analyzing the results.Both laboratory calibration and in-track testing have been conducted and theresults are presented. The findings attest to the usefulness and practicality of theprocedure for accurately measuring pressures in railroad tracks. The proceduremay also be applicable for a wide variety of specific track related measurementssuch as validating curve geometric criteria, assessing crossing diamond impactpressures, and evaluating the advantages/disadvantages of various types of tieplates, fastenings and tie compositions.

There are high demands on flexographic print quality to be sufficiently high and consistent in order to create a competitive packaging. At the same time the production efficiency need to be high. Printers thus need to achieve the same quality every time and quickly start-up new printing jobs. To accomplish this, one needs to gain a thorough understanding of how the liquid packaging board interacts with the ink and impacts the print quality. This thesis focuses on water-based ink absorption of liquid packaging boards and particularly on a) how uniformity of ink absorption can be measured and b) to what extent the absorption characteristics contribute to print mottle in flexographic printing. The work encompasses two parts. First, an absorption non-uniformity test method has been developed using a staining technique. This method is unique as it measures how unevenly an aqueous solution is absorbed, in a short time period and without impact from surface roughness. Moreover, the contributions from white-top mottle and absorption non-uniformity can be quantified simultaneously from one single measurement. Second, a method to independently study the effects of absorption non-uniformity on print quality has been established. This is achieved by introducing artificial absorption non-uniformities with well-controlled barrier patterns. A barrier pattern may modify local pore structure and/or surface energy, hence lead to lateral absorption variations. By these means, it is possible to produce a substrate property-matrix; encompassing absorption non-uniformity and for example surface roughness. It was demonstrated that non-uniform absorption indeed has a negative impact on print quality, both on smoother and rougher boards. Low absorption made print density decrease and uneven absorption caused print mottle. This was the case when other properties of the samples were kept within a narrow range; otherwise surface roughness appeared to determine print mottle ranking.

In recent years, the drive for ever increasing energy efficiency has intensified. The main driving forces behind this development are the increased innovation and adoption of mobile battery powered devices, increasing energy costs, environmental concerns, and strive for denser systems. This work is meant to serve as a foundation for exploration of energy conscious software. We present an overview of previous work and a background to energy concerns from a software perspective. In addition, we describe and test a few methods for decreasing energy consumption with emphasis on using software parallelism. The experiments are conducted using both a simulation environment and real hardware. Finally, a method for measuring energy consumption on a hardware platform is described. We conclude that energy conscious software is very dependent on what hardware energy saving features, such as frequency scaling and power management, are available. If the software has a lot of unnecessary, or overcomplicated, work, the energy consumption can be lowered to some extent by optimizing the software and reducing the overhead. If the hardware provides software-controllable energy features, the energy consumption can be lowered dramatically. For suitable workloads, using parallelism and multi-core technologies seem very promising for producing low power software. Realizing this potential requires a very flexible hardware platform. Most important is to have fine grained control over power management, and voltage and frequency scaling, preferably on a per core basis.

Purpose of this master thesis is get acquainted with laboratory components designated for measurment of optical detectors, study principials of function of each detector and learn how to work with measuring machines. On the base of this knowledge will be measured spectral, frequency and dynamic characteristics of each detectors. The outcome of the thesis will draft of the laboratory exercise for subject Microscopy imaging technique teaching at the first semestr of follow-up masters studies of Biomedical engineering and bioinformatics at DBME, FEEC, Brno University of technology.

Ultra-wideband (UWB) communication is emerging as a new wireless technology, which promises high data rates with low interference and low power consumption. The development of such UWB systems requires a sufficiently large amount of data to characterize the propagation behavior of UWB signals in indoor environments and develop accurate channel models. This thesis focuses primarily on a frequency-domain approach for propagation measurements and characterization of indoor UWB channels. This approach is based on measurements of the amplitude using a scalar network analyzer and retrieval of the phase from the amplitude data using a Hilbert transform relationship. Extensive propagation data are collected in a frequency range of 1 to 12 GHz in two buildings on Virginia Tech campus. Using the data, channel characterization results are obtained and compared to those based on time-domain measurements. Some statistical results for small-scale fading, path loss exponent, and signal quality are presented. This comparison validates the accuracy of measured results for the UWB measurement campaign. The measured data also reaffirms the immunity of UWB propagation to small-scale fading which is present in narrowband wireless communication systems. In addition to channel propagation measurements, signal distortions in UWB links, due to bandwidth limitations of antenna characteristics as well as the dispersive behavior of building materials, are also examined. In particular, the distortion of radiated signals by TEM horn antennas along off-boresight directions are studied experimentally. Furthermore, pulse distortions resulting from propagation through dispersive walls are demonstrated by simulation. The roles of receive-transmit antennas in a UWB link are examined, and the requirements for gain, input impedance, polarization, and phase of the radiated signal necessary for minimization of signal distortions are pointed out. / Master of Science

Previous data have shown that the most prevalent, indirect plasma volume (PV) measurement technique, which utilises changes in haematocrit (Hct) and haemoglobin concentration ([Hb]), underestimates actual PV changes during immersion, when compared to a direct tracer-dilution method. An increase in the F-cell ratio (whole-body haematocrit (Hctw) to large-vessel haematocrit (Hctv) ratio) has been purported as a possible explanation, probably due to hydrostatic and thermally-mediated changes during water immersion. Previous investigators have not quantified the F-cell ratio during immersion. Therefore, this study sought to determine the effect of the F-cell ratio on the indirect method during both, thermoneutral and cold-water immersions. Seven healthy males were tested three times, seated upright in air (control: 21.2°C SD ±1.1), and during thermoneutral (34.5oC SD ±0.2) and cold-water immersion (18.6oC SD ±0.2), immersed to the third intercostal space for 60 min. Measurements during the immersion tests included PV (Evans blue dye column elution, Evans blue dye computer programme, and Hct [Hb]), red cell volume (RCV; sodium radiochromate), cardiac frequency (fc) and rectal temperature (Tre). Plasma volume during the control trial remained stable, and equivalent across the three tests. There was a hydrostatically-induced increase in PV during thermoneutral immersion, when determined by the Evans blue dye method (16.2%). However, the Hct/[Hb] calculation did not adequately reflect this change, and underestimated the relative PV change by 43%. In contrast, PV decreased during cold immersion when determined using the Evans blue dye method by 17.9% and the Hct/[Hb] calculation by 8.0%, respectively, representing a 52% underestimation by the latter method. There was a non-significant decline in RCV during both immersions. Furthermore, an increase (8.6%) and decrease (-14.4%) in blood volume (BV) was observed during thermoneutral and cold-water immersions, respectively. The decline in RCV during thermoneutral immersion attenuated the BV expansion. Despite the disparity between the PV methods, there was no increase in the F-cell ratio during either immersion. In contrast, there was a significant decline in the F-cell ratio during the control: air and thermoneutral immersion, which may indicate that other, undefined variables may impact on the stability of the red cell compartment. The current study is the first to show that the Hct/[Hb] method clearly underestimates PV changes during both thermoneutral and cold-water immersion. Furthermore, RCV was shown, for the first time, to decline during both immersions. However, the changes in the F-cell ratio during this study, did not account for the underestimation of PV change using the Hct/[Hb] method.

L'installation de systèmes de mesure est d'une utilisation cruciale pour la gestion des réseaux d'assainissement ou des canaux d 'irrigation. La plupart des structures gouvernementales ou privées ainsi que les agglomérations s'équipent de systèmes de mesure de débit afin de se conformer avec la législation européenne. La plupart des débitmètres fournissent des données en temps réel i.e. l'information est transmise en permanence. aux centrales d'acquisition pour une gestion de l'architecture du système de canaux. La mesure en canaux ouverts est souvent ultrasonore. L'objectif de cette thèse est de proposer une méthode en temps réel afin de corréler les vitesses locales en une vitesse moyenne dans les conditions observables par les utilisateurs en canaux ouverts. Les thématiques impliquées à cette étude sont multiples: les techniques de mesure, l'hydrodynamique en canaux ouverts représentée par la turbulence (ici plus particulièrement les courants secondaires), les lois de paroi, le nombre de Froude ... l'ensemble de ces thématiques doit être investi en canaux pleinement développés où les conditions sont stables dans l'espace mais aussi pour des conditions perturbées telles que les structures hétérogènes ou transitoires.La technique de mesure est un point clé: quelle est la technique la plus applicable aux conditions de mesure i.e. les canaux étroits? Les canaux étroits varient très rapidement en tem1es de taux de remplissage : la technique la plus adaptée est le profileur ultrasonique.La compréhension des effets hydrodynamiques est essentielle afin de développer un modèle de conversion. Les canaux droits sont influencés par l'hydrodynamique des écoulements, la géométrie mais aussi et principalement par leurs interactions. En canaux droits, les courants secondaires sont primordiaux même s'ils se traduisent par un effet le plus observable : le dip-phénomène, i.e. la présence d'un maximum de vitesse non pas à la surface d'eau mais en dessous pour les canaux étroits. Ces courants secondaires sont fortement sensibles au rapport d'aspect, la géométrie et la variabilité de la rugosité le long de la paroi, passablement sensible à la rugosité et indépendant du nombre de Froude .Les perturbations, à l'aval desquelles sont installés les débitmètres ultrasonores, sont majoritairement représentées par les coudes et les jonctions. Dans les coudes, les tourbillons sont liés aux forces centrifuges (gros tourbillon) et la turbulence (petit tourbillon). Pour les jonctions, les tourbillons diffèrent des deux précédentes configurations avec la présence à l'aval de la jonction de 3 tourbillons (due à un étirement des tourbillons par l'arrivée latérale). Les capteurs ne sont pas installés directement au niveau de la perturbation mais à l'aval. Dans la littérature, les distances requises pour retrouver des conditions proches de l'écoulement pleinement développé devraient excéder environ 50 hauteurs d'eau. En pratique, ces distances sont plus proches de5-10 fois la largeur du canal ou du tirant d'eau. L'application de modèle basée sur l'écoulement pleinement développé corrélé à un capteur n'est pas recommandable... / The installation of flow rate measurement systems is an important factor in regard to the management of sewer and irrigation networks. Most cities and infrastructure succeed in obtaining sufficient flow measurements to satisfy European Regulation rules. Most flow meters comprise real time systems; this means that the information is permanently transferred to a data base for the management and optimization of the particular network. The measurement technology deployed is typically ultrasound based. Within the number of measurement points a high percentage are often deficient and create specific difficulties (>75% of Venturi flumes are inaccurate according to Anglian Water, a UK water and wastewater company). The study presented here focuses on flow meters which calculate discharge using measurement of level, cross sectional area and the correlation of local velocity to generate a mean value. The aim of this thesis is to propose a real time method to enable determination of this “conversion” under realistic configurations which Users find in open channels. The synthesis of measurement points through an understanding of hydraulic conditions (Bonakdari, 2006) provides a method to create flow data allowing local point velocities to be converted into an overall mean value. The approach has limitations and may fail in industrial situations but can be used for very complex configurations. It also requires specialists with knowledge of the technique who are rarely available to Users. What is proposed here is an alternative method to Bonakdari for simpler configurations. The aim is to evaluate the flow rate with acceptable accuracy using these technics and to establish a relationship between local velocities and the mean velocity according to Regulatory requirements (8% are required in UK, 5 to 8% in Germany depending on area). The individual components are here: the measurement techniques; the hydrodynamics represented with the turbulence (secondary currents in open channels); the wall / roughness effects; the Froude number … for fully developed conditions where conditions become stable in space but for disturbed conditions, as well such as heterogeneous structures or transition conditions.

Die Reduzierung des Ressourcenverbrauchs und der Lärm- und Schadstoffemissionen von technischen Strömungsprozessen wie Verbrennungs- und Einspritzvorgängen ist von hoher gesellschaftlicher Bedeutung und erfordert ein tieferes Verständnis der auftretenden Strömungsphänomene. Hierfür ist die messtechnische Erfassung der Strömungen notwendig, wobei insbesondere die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit von hohem Interesse ist. Strömungsgeschwindigkeitsmessungen in dynamischen oder reaktiven Fluiden stellen jedoch hohe Anforderungen an die eingesetzte Messtechnik. Um Strömungsoszillationen und instationäre Phänomene mit kurzen Zeitskalen erfassen zu können, muss eine Messung simultan dreikomponentig und mit einer hohen Messrate von 100 kHz oder mehr erfolgen. Zur Analyse komplexer und kleinskaliger Geschwindigkeitsfelder ist eine bildgebende oder volumetrische Messung mit einer hohen örtlichen Auflösung wünschenswert. Momentan verfügbare Messsysteme genügen bisher nicht allen genannten Anforderungen. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist daher die Entwicklung, Charakterisierung und Qualifizierung eines geeigneten Systems zur zeitaufgelösten Erfassung instationärer Strömungsprozesse in hochdynamischen und reaktiven Fluiden. Einen für diese Zwecke vielversprechenden Ansatz stellt die Doppler-Global-Velozimetrie (FM-DGV) dar, da diese eine berührungslose Messung mit hoher Messrate gestattet und prinzipiell auch dreikomponentige und volumetrische Messungen ermöglicht. Daher erfolgte die Entwicklung und Realisierung eines simultan dreikomponentigen FM-DGV-Systems und eines FM-DGV-Systems zur bildgebenden und volumetrischen Messung. Die aufgebauten Systeme wurden hinsichtlich ihrer Geschwindigkeitsmessunsicherheit charakterisiert. Hierbei konnte gezeigt werden, dass die resultierenden Messunsicherheiten hinreichend klein sind und der Einfluss von Brechungsindexfluktuationen auf die Messunsicherheit vernachlässigt werden kann. Die Analyse der Messunsicherheiten aufgrund von Strömungsgeschwindigkeits- und Streulichtleistungsfluktuationen erfolgte mittels eines modellbasierten Ansatzes. Dabei wurde gezeigt, dass Streulichtleistungsfluktuationen einen dominanten Beitrag zum Messunsicherheitsbudget leisten können. Um die Eignung für die simultan dreikomponentige Messung mit hoher Messrate zu demonstrieren, wurden Messungen an einem Bias-Flow-Liner (BFL) durchgeführt. Dabei gelang erstmals an einem BFL die Untersuchung des Leistungsdichtespektrums in kartesischen Koordinaten und der Nachweis eines breitbandigen Energietransfers von Energie der Schallanregung hin zur kinetischen Energie der Strömung. Zur Demonstration der Messung in reaktiven Fluiden wurde ein drallstabilisierter Gasbrenner untersucht, wie er in stationären Gasturbinen und Flugzeugtriebwerken eingesetzt wird. Hierbei konnte eine thermo-akustische Wechselwirkung zwischen der Wärmefreisetzungsrate und dem Druck nachgewiesen werden und es zeigte sich ein Zusammenhang zwischen den lokalen Geschwindigkeitsoszillationen innerhalb der Flamme und den globalen Schalldruckemissionen. Durch die bildgebende, zeit- und ortsaufgelöste Messung mit hoher Messrate konnten zudem erstmals instationäre Phänomene der Strömungsgeschwindigkeit im düsennahen Bereich einer Hochdruck-Einspritzdüse ohne Seedingzufuhr vermessen werden. Diese Entwicklungen ermöglichen weitere Untersuchungen zum stabileren Betrieb von Gasbrennern mit mageren Gemischen, ein tieferes Verständnis der Dämpfungsmechanismen an BFL und die Optimierung des Einspritzvorganges in Motoren. Somit kann perspektivisch ein Beitrag zum ressourcenschonenden, umweltfreundlichen und leisen Betrieb von technischen Strömungsmaschinen wie Flugzeugtriebwerken, stationären Gasturbinen und Verbrennungsmotoren geleistet werden. / The reduction of the consumption of resources and the noise and polluting emissions of technical flow processes such as combustion and injection processes is of high social relevance and requires a deeper understanding of the occurring flow phenomena. For this purpose the metrological acquisition of the flows is necessary, whereat especially the flow velocity is of high interest. However, flow velocity measurements in dynamic or reactive fluids make great demands on the engaged measurement techniques. In order to resolve velocity oscillations or unsteady phenomena with short timescales a simultaneous three component measurement with a high measurement rate of 100 kHz or more is required. To analyze complex and small-scale velocity fields an imaging or volumetric measurement with a high spatial resolution is desired. Currently available measurement systems do not fulfill all these requirements. Hence, the goal of this work is the development, characterization and qualification of a measurement system suitable for the temporally resolved acquisition of unsteady flow processes in highly dynamic and reactive fluids. For this purpose the Doppler global velocimetry with laser frequency modulation (FM-DGV) represents a promising approach, since it allows a contactless measurement with high measurement rate and in principle enables simultaneous three component and volumetric measurements. Hence, as a first step a simultaneous three component FM-DGV system and a FM-DGV system for imaging and volumetric measurements were developed. Subsequently, the realized systems were characterized regarding their velocity measurement uncertainty. It was shown, that the resulting measurement uncertainty is sufficiently small and that the influence of fluctuations of the refractive index on the measurement uncertainty can be neglected. The analysis of the measurement uncertainty due to fluctuations of the flow velocity and the scattered light power was conducted using a model-based approach. It was thereby shown, that fluctuations of the scattered light power can lead to a dominant term of the uncertainty budget. In order to demonstrate the suitability for simultaneous three component measurement with high measurement rate, measurements at a bias flow liner (BFL) were conducted. Thereby for the first time at a BFL it was possible to determine the power spectral density in Cartesian coordinates and to show the broadband energy transfer from the energy of the sound excitation to the kinetic energy of the flow. To demonstrate the measurement in reactive flows, a swirl-stabilized burner was investigated, as it is used in stationary gas turbines and airplane engines. It was possible to prove a thermo-acoustic interaction between the heat release rate and the pressure and to show a correlation between the local velocity oscillations within the flame and the global sound pressure emissions. By means of the imaging, temporally and spatially resolved measurement with high measurement rate it was furthermore possible to resolve unsteady phenomena in the near-nozzle region of a high-pressure injection nozzle without the addition of tracer particles. These developments allow further investigations regarding the stable operation of gas burners with lean mixtures, a deeper understanding of the damping effects at BFL and the optimization of injection processes in engines. Consequently, it is perspectively possible to contribute to the resource-efficient, environment-friendly and quiet operation of technical flow machines as aircraft engines, stationary gas turbines and combustion engines.

Die Reduzierung des Ressourcenverbrauchs und der Lärm- und Schadstoffemissionen von technischen Strömungsprozessen wie Verbrennungs- und Einspritzvorgängen ist von hoher gesellschaftlicher Bedeutung und erfordert ein tieferes Verständnis der auftretenden Strömungsphänomene. Hierfür ist die messtechnische Erfassung der Strömungen notwendig, wobei insbesondere die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit von hohem Interesse ist. Strömungsgeschwindigkeitsmessungen in dynamischen oder reaktiven Fluiden stellen jedoch hohe Anforderungen an die eingesetzte Messtechnik. Um Strömungsoszillationen und instationäre Phänomene mit kurzen Zeitskalen erfassen zu können, muss eine Messung simultan dreikomponentig und mit einer hohen Messrate von 100 kHz oder mehr erfolgen. Zur Analyse komplexer und kleinskaliger Geschwindigkeitsfelder ist eine bildgebende oder volumetrische Messung mit einer hohen örtlichen Auflösung wünschenswert. Momentan verfügbare Messsysteme genügen bisher nicht allen genannten Anforderungen. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist daher die Entwicklung, Charakterisierung und Qualifizierung eines geeigneten Systems zur zeitaufgelösten Erfassung instationärer Strömungsprozesse in hochdynamischen und reaktiven Fluiden. Einen für diese Zwecke vielversprechenden Ansatz stellt die Doppler-Global-Velozimetrie (FM-DGV) dar, da diese eine berührungslose Messung mit hoher Messrate gestattet und prinzipiell auch dreikomponentige und volumetrische Messungen ermöglicht. Daher erfolgte die Entwicklung und Realisierung eines simultan dreikomponentigen FM-DGV-Systems und eines FM-DGV-Systems zur bildgebenden und volumetrischen Messung. Die aufgebauten Systeme wurden hinsichtlich ihrer Geschwindigkeitsmessunsicherheit charakterisiert. Hierbei konnte gezeigt werden, dass die resultierenden Messunsicherheiten hinreichend klein sind und der Einfluss von Brechungsindexfluktuationen auf die Messunsicherheit vernachlässigt werden kann. Die Analyse der Messunsicherheiten aufgrund von Strömungsgeschwindigkeits- und Streulichtleistungsfluktuationen erfolgte mittels eines modellbasierten Ansatzes. Dabei wurde gezeigt, dass Streulichtleistungsfluktuationen einen dominanten Beitrag zum Messunsicherheitsbudget leisten können. Um die Eignung für die simultan dreikomponentige Messung mit hoher Messrate zu demonstrieren, wurden Messungen an einem Bias-Flow-Liner (BFL) durchgeführt. Dabei gelang erstmals an einem BFL die Untersuchung des Leistungsdichtespektrums in kartesischen Koordinaten und der Nachweis eines breitbandigen Energietransfers von Energie der Schallanregung hin zur kinetischen Energie der Strömung. Zur Demonstration der Messung in reaktiven Fluiden wurde ein drallstabilisierter Gasbrenner untersucht, wie er in stationären Gasturbinen und Flugzeugtriebwerken eingesetzt wird. Hierbei konnte eine thermo-akustische Wechselwirkung zwischen der Wärmefreisetzungsrate und dem Druck nachgewiesen werden und es zeigte sich ein Zusammenhang zwischen den lokalen Geschwindigkeitsoszillationen innerhalb der Flamme und den globalen Schalldruckemissionen. Durch die bildgebende, zeit- und ortsaufgelöste Messung mit hoher Messrate konnten zudem erstmals instationäre Phänomene der Strömungsgeschwindigkeit im düsennahen Bereich einer Hochdruck-Einspritzdüse ohne Seedingzufuhr vermessen werden. Diese Entwicklungen ermöglichen weitere Untersuchungen zum stabileren Betrieb von Gasbrennern mit mageren Gemischen, ein tieferes Verständnis der Dämpfungsmechanismen an BFL und die Optimierung des Einspritzvorganges in Motoren. Somit kann perspektivisch ein Beitrag zum ressourcenschonenden, umweltfreundlichen und leisen Betrieb von technischen Strömungsmaschinen wie Flugzeugtriebwerken, stationären Gasturbinen und Verbrennungsmotoren geleistet werden. / The reduction of the consumption of resources and the noise and polluting emissions of technical flow processes such as combustion and injection processes is of high social relevance and requires a deeper understanding of the occurring flow phenomena. For this purpose the metrological acquisition of the flows is necessary, whereat especially the flow velocity is of high interest. However, flow velocity measurements in dynamic or reactive fluids make great demands on the engaged measurement techniques. In order to resolve velocity oscillations or unsteady phenomena with short timescales a simultaneous three component measurement with a high measurement rate of 100 kHz or more is required. To analyze complex and small-scale velocity fields an imaging or volumetric measurement with a high spatial resolution is desired. Currently available measurement systems do not fulfill all these requirements. Hence, the goal of this work is the development, characterization and qualification of a measurement system suitable for the temporally resolved acquisition of unsteady flow processes in highly dynamic and reactive fluids. For this purpose the Doppler global velocimetry with laser frequency modulation (FM-DGV) represents a promising approach, since it allows a contactless measurement with high measurement rate and in principle enables simultaneous three component and volumetric measurements. Hence, as a first step a simultaneous three component FM-DGV system and a FM-DGV system for imaging and volumetric measurements were developed. Subsequently, the realized systems were characterized regarding their velocity measurement uncertainty. It was shown, that the resulting measurement uncertainty is sufficiently small and that the influence of fluctuations of the refractive index on the measurement uncertainty can be neglected. The analysis of the measurement uncertainty due to fluctuations of the flow velocity and the scattered light power was conducted using a model-based approach. It was thereby shown, that fluctuations of the scattered light power can lead to a dominant term of the uncertainty budget. In order to demonstrate the suitability for simultaneous three component measurement with high measurement rate, measurements at a bias flow liner (BFL) were conducted. Thereby for the first time at a BFL it was possible to determine the power spectral density in Cartesian coordinates and to show the broadband energy transfer from the energy of the sound excitation to the kinetic energy of the flow. To demonstrate the measurement in reactive flows, a swirl-stabilized burner was investigated, as it is used in stationary gas turbines and airplane engines. It was possible to prove a thermo-acoustic interaction between the heat release rate and the pressure and to show a correlation between the local velocity oscillations within the flame and the global sound pressure emissions. By means of the imaging, temporally and spatially resolved measurement with high measurement rate it was furthermore possible to resolve unsteady phenomena in the near-nozzle region of a high-pressure injection nozzle without the addition of tracer particles. These developments allow further investigations regarding the stable operation of gas burners with lean mixtures, a deeper understanding of the damping effects at BFL and the optimization of injection processes in engines. Consequently, it is perspectively possible to contribute to the resource-efficient, environment-friendly and quiet operation of technical flow machines as aircraft engines, stationary gas turbines and combustion engines.