La presente investigación se centra en entender las causas y consecuencias que ha originado la informalidad laboral de las empresas en el Perú, siendo una de ellas la pandemia atravesada, y para la posible solución de este fenómeno social se han propuesto una serie de mecanismos jurídicos los cuales servirán para motivar a las empresas que permanecen aún en el sector informal a formalizarse y desarrollar sus actividades dentro del marco legal. Por tanto, al haberse identificado el problema, se tiene como aporte el poder desarrollar las posibles soluciones del mismo, tratándose de un tipo de investigación aplicada; además, para el desarrollo de la misma, se ha utilizado también una investigación de tipo documental, haciendo uso de doctrina nacional e internacional a través de textos, revistas, artículos e investigaciones predecesoras que servirán para cumplir con los objetivos propuestos en la investigación. Finalmente, el presente trabajo se desarrollará en tres capítulos; el primero abarcará el análisis de la informalidad laboral de las empresas, las causas, consecuencias y como repercute en la economía nacional en tiempos de pandemia; el segundo comprende al desarrollo empresarial desde el punto de vista de la doctrina nacional e internacional y como los mecanismos jurídicos coadyuvan a ello; y por último el tercero establecerá una propuesta de los mecanismos jurídicos a implementarse ante la creciente informalidad laboral de las empresas en el Perú a raíz del covid-19. / This research is focused on understanding the causes and consequences that have originated the labor informality of companies in Peru, one of them being the pandemic that has occurred, and for the possible solution of this social phenomenon, a series of legal mechanisms have been proposed, which will serve to motivate the companies that are still in the informal sector to formalize and develop their activities within the legal framework. Therefore, having identified the problem, it has as a contribution to be able to develop possible solutions to it, being a type of applied research; in addition, for the development of the same, a documentary type research has also been used, making use of national and international doctrine through texts, magazines, articles and predecessor research that will serve to meet the objectives proposed in the research. Finally, this work will be developed in three chapters; the first one will cover the analysis of the labor informality of the companies, the causes, consequences and how it affects the national economy in times of pandemic; the second one comprises the business development from the point of view of the national and international doctrine and how the legal mechanisms contribute to it; and finally the third one will establish a proposal of the legal mechanisms to be implemented in view of the growing labor informality of the companies in Peru as a result of covid-19.

La afectación de la cláusula de prepago en la celebración de los contratos de las hipotecas inversas es un tema de tesis que aborda la importancia y las implicaciones legales de esta cláusula en el contexto de los préstamos hipotecarios inversos. Las hipotecas inversas son una forma de financiamiento en la cual los propietarios de viviendas de edad avanzada pueden convertir una parte del valor acumulado de su hogar en efectivo, sin tener que venderlo ni abandonarlo. Estos préstamos ofrecen una opción atractiva para las personas mayores que desean acceder a fondos adicionales durante su jubilación. Sin embargo, la cláusula de prepago en los contratos de las hipotecas inversas puede tener un impacto significativo en los prestatarios y en sus derechos. La cláusula de prepago establece las condiciones bajo las cuales el prestatario puede pagar anticipadamente el préstamo en su totalidad o en parte, antes de la fecha de vencimiento acordada. En el caso de las hipotecas inversas, esta cláusula puede limitar la capacidad de los prestatarios para liquidar el préstamo de manera anticipada, lo cual puede tener consecuencias financieras y legales importantes. El objetivo de esta tesis es analizar cómo la cláusula de prepago afecta a los prestatarios de hipotecas inversas, examinando los aspectos legales, financieros y sociales involucrados. Se investigarán los marcos legales y regulaciones vigentes en relación con las hipotecas inversas y se evaluarán las implicaciones de las cláusulas de prepago en los derechos de los prestatarios. Además, se examinarán los efectos financieros de la cláusula de prepago en los costos totales del préstamo y se evaluarán las prácticas y políticas existentes en relación con esta cláusula en diferentes jurisdicciones. El estudio tiene como objetivo proporcionar una comprensión más profunda de las implicaciones de la cláusula de prepago en las hipotecas inversas y brindar recomendaciones para mejorar la protección de los prestatarios en este tipo de contratos. Se espera que los resultados de esta investigación sean de interés tanto para los profesionales legales y financieros como para los prestatarios potenciales de hipotecas inversas, con el fin de promover una mayor transparencia y equidad en estos contratos. / The impact of the prepayment clause on reverse mortgage contracts is a thesis topic that explores the significance and legal implications of this clause in the context of reverse mortgage loans. Reverse mortgages provide a financing option for elderly homeowners to convert a portion of their home equity into cash without having to sell or move out of their homes. While these loans offer an appealing choice for seniors seeking additional funds during retirement, the prepayment clause in reverse mortgage contracts can have substantial consequences for borrowers and their rights. The prepayment clause establishes the conditions under which the borrower can pay off the loan in full or in part before the agreed-upon maturity date. In the case of reverse mortgages, this clause can limit borrowers' ability to repay the loan in advance, leading to significant financial and legal implications. The objective of this thesis is to analyze how the prepayment clause affects reverse mortgage borrowers by examining the legal, financial, and social aspects involved. The study will investigate current legal frameworks and regulations concerning reverse mortgages and evaluate the implications of prepayment clauses on borrowers' rights. Additionally, it will examine the financial effects of the prepayment clause on the total loan costs and assess existing practices and policies regarding this clause in different jurisdictions. This research aims to provide a deeper understanding of the implications of the prepayment clause in reverse mortgages and offer recommendations for enhancing borrower protection in these contracts. The findings are expected to be of interest to legal and financial professionals, as well as potential reverse mortgage borrowers, in promoting greater transparency and fairness in these contracts.

A análise dos mecanismos jurídicos que regem, na atualidade, a arqueologia brasileira norteia este trabalho. No entanto, seu esforço central é a busca de um modelo de tutela efetiva e compartilhada para o patrimônio arqueológico existente no município de Serranópolis, região sudoeste do estado de Goiás, Brasil. Como proposta para a proteção dos sítios arqueológicos do nominado município, foi elaborado um Plano de Medidas a ser implantado pelo governo municipal, com a colaboração efetiva da comunidade e a participação dos entes públicos estadual e federal, cada um no escopo de suas competências. O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido dentro do Programa de Doutorado em Arqueologia do Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia da Universidade de São Paulo - MAE/USP, na Linha de Pesquisa \"Arqueologia e Ambiente\". / The analysis of legal mechanisms that rule, currently, the Brazilian archeology guides this work. However, its central effort is the searching for an effective and shared guardianship model to the archaeological heritage in Serranópolis city, located in the southwest region of the state of Goiás, Brazil. As a proposal for the protection of archaeological sites in the said city, it was elaborated a Archaeological Cultural Park Project to be implemented by the Serranópolis\' municipal government, with active cooperation of the community and the participation of state and federal governments, each one in their own competences. This thesis was developed in the scope of the Archaeology Doctoral Program of Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology of University of São Paulo - MAE / USP, in the Research Field \"Archaeology and Environment\".

Submitted by Ana Lúcia Moraes (analucia.moraes@mackenzie.br) on 2018-04-23T12:32:33Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Kleiton Sarrao Franco.pdf: 876715 bytes, checksum: e4a1d6aa4f330ea664a530c958871b9a (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Paola Damato (repositorio@mackenzie.br) on 2018-04-28T17:30:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Kleiton Sarrao Franco.pdf: 876715 bytes, checksum: e4a1d6aa4f330ea664a530c958871b9a (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-28T17:30:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Kleiton Sarrao Franco.pdf: 876715 bytes, checksum: e4a1d6aa4f330ea664a530c958871b9a (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-01-31 / This dissertation aims to adress the procedure adopted to ensure the piercing the corporate veil, in all its intricacies. In this manner, to get into the especific study of the procedure, inevitabily, the principle of subjectand and objetive autonomy existing between company and their partners was considered in this estudy, due to fact that company and the partners are distinct legal entities and the companies assets are separate from their owners, unless otherwise there is joint and several liability between both. The next step in the study involves the aplication of the disregard of the legal entity in In several fields of law study either in tis direct or indirect form. Having overcome the initial questions, the study turns to the procedure to be demand to piercing of the corporate veil inside the new civil procedure code being the pleading can be made booth in the declaration and by means of incidental process. This incident may be introduced in any phase of the process and in both cases the adversary system and legal defense, so that to verify the complience for requirements of admissibility and the legal assumptions to degree or not the piercing of corporate veil, where depending on the type of court decision and the procedure used in the legal process, to apply legal remedy to review the decision on merits. Ultimately, we talked about the finality and effectiveness of the legal institute of the economic power and its legal limits knowledge / A presente dissertação visa a tratar do procedimento adotado para que haja a desconsideração da personalidade jurídica, em todos os seus meandros. Dessa forma, para se chegar especificamente ao estudo deste procedimento, inevitavelmente, adentrou-se primeiro no princípio da autonomia subjetiva e objetiva existente entre empresas e seus sócios, tendo em vista que a pessoa jurídica não se confunde com a natural do sócio e, consequentemente, o patrimônio daquela não se confunde com o deste, afora nos casos em que há responsabilização solidária e ilimitada entre ambos. Depois disso, passa-se ao estudo da aplicação da desconsideração da personalidade jurídica em diversos ramos do direito, seja na sua forma direta, seja na sua forma indireta. Superadas essas questões iniciais, o estudo se volta ao procedimento para que seja requerida a desconsideração da personalidade jurídica previsto no Novo Código de Processo Civil, sendo que o pedido pode ser feito tanto na inicial da ação quanto por meio de incidente processual, e este incidente pode ser apresentado em qualquer fase do processo e, em ambos os casos, deve ser respeitado o princípio do contraditório e o da ampla defesa, para que se verifique estarem cumpridos os requisitos processuais de admissibilidade e os pressupostos legais para a decretação ou não penetração patrimonial, cabendo, a depender da espécie de decisão e do procedimento pelo qual está tramitando o processo, instrumento jurídico próprio para combatê-la. Por fim, tratou-se sobre a finalidade e a eficácia do instituto jurídico à luz do Poder Econômico e seus limites jurídicos

A análise dos mecanismos jurídicos que regem, na atualidade, a arqueologia brasileira norteia este trabalho. No entanto, seu esforço central é a busca de um modelo de tutela efetiva e compartilhada para o patrimônio arqueológico existente no município de Serranópolis, região sudoeste do estado de Goiás, Brasil. Como proposta para a proteção dos sítios arqueológicos do nominado município, foi elaborado um Plano de Medidas a ser implantado pelo governo municipal, com a colaboração efetiva da comunidade e a participação dos entes públicos estadual e federal, cada um no escopo de suas competências. O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido dentro do Programa de Doutorado em Arqueologia do Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia da Universidade de São Paulo - MAE/USP, na Linha de Pesquisa \"Arqueologia e Ambiente\". / The analysis of legal mechanisms that rule, currently, the Brazilian archeology guides this work. However, its central effort is the searching for an effective and shared guardianship model to the archaeological heritage in Serranópolis city, located in the southwest region of the state of Goiás, Brazil. As a proposal for the protection of archaeological sites in the said city, it was elaborated a Archaeological Cultural Park Project to be implemented by the Serranópolis\' municipal government, with active cooperation of the community and the participation of state and federal governments, each one in their own competences. This thesis was developed in the scope of the Archaeology Doctoral Program of Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology of University of São Paulo - MAE / USP, in the Research Field \"Archaeology and Environment\".