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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Slaughtered hogs with discoloured bones and the relationship with tetracycline medication in the grower-finisher stage

Varela, Norma P. 15 May 2012 (has links)
Bone discolouration of pig carcasses is a quality concern that has been observed in Ontario slaughter plants. The objectives of this study were to establish the prevalence of pig carcasses showing bone discolouration, its relationship with residues of tetracyclines in bones, and to investigate the use of tetracyclines in feeding programs for grower-finisher pigs as the main risk factor for discolouration. Abattoir data were examined to determine the extent of the problem and the prevalence of bone discolouration during 2006, 2008, 2009, and 2010 was found to be 0.13%, 0.22%, 0.26%, and 0.28%, respectively, indicating that the issue of bone discolouration was present at low levels over the entire period of the study. A controlled trial using feed, water, and injectable tetracycline products to investigate the effect of tetracyclines on residue and bone colour was conducted. Bones were assessed visually for signs of discolouration, and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to measure the levels of tetracycline residues in the bones. Results from this trial demonstrated that discolouration could be produced with 660ppm of chlortetracycline (CTC) in feed for 12 weeks even when 33 days of withdrawal time was observed. It was also found that residues of tetracyclines can be present in bones in the absence of discolouration. A retrospective study was conducted to investigate tetracycline use in herds identified as having discoloured bones at slaughter. Positive shipments were associated with dosage and duration of CTC use as well as with length of withdrawal. In conclusion, discoloured bones of pig carcasses were identified at low levels in one large Ontario abattoir; however, further investigation is needed in order to determine the impact it may have on the swine industry. / Ontario Pork and the University of Guelph - Ontario Ministry of Agriculture (OMAFRA) Sustainable Production System Program
12

Možnosti zkvalitnění komunikace s premedikovaným pacientem / Possibilities of communication improvement with premedicament patient

ROHÁČKOVÁ, Blanka January 2007 (has links)
The main purpose of the thesis was to identify potential for improvement of communication with a pre-medicated patient.This research was motivated by the fact that this subject has not yet been explored and it has not been fully discovered whether the communication needs of patients are sufficiently satisfied before the execution of a medical surgery.This paper was based on a quantitative research, including an anonymous questionnaire concerning areas relevant to the mental state of the patient. One part of the research file was made up of clients hospitalized after a medical surgery. The second part of the file was created from Anestesiology and Operating Room nurses. The best solution seems to be creation of communication standards with pre-medicated patients and elaboration of educational plans for patients before medical surgery.
13

Characterization of feedstuff-drug interactions in swine

Jafarzadeh, Alireza 08 1900 (has links)
Les interactions aliment-médicaments nuisant aux processus de libération et/ou à la stabilité de leurs principes actifs doivent être caractérisées en raison de leurs conséquences adverses sur la biodisponibilité orale, l’efficacité thérapeutique et, dans le cas des agents anti infectieux, la sélection d’organismes résistants. Notre étude a évalué la relation entre l'efficacité de la libération in vitro de la chlortétracycline (CTC) et de la lincomycine (LIN) dans le liquide gastrique simulé de porc (LGSP) et la capacité de rétention d'eau (CRE) d’ingrédients couramment utilisés dans l’alimentation des porcs (tourteau de soja (TS), drèche de distillerie sèche avec solubles (DDS) et farine de viande et d'os (FVO), maïs, blé, et seigle), que l’on a fortifié avec 880 ppm de CTC ou 440 ppm de LIN. La CRE des ingrédients différait significativement (p <0,0001) et était maximale avec le TS, aussi bien dans l'eau que le LGSP. Le FVO avait une CRE significativement plus basse dans le LGSP que dans l'eau (p <.0001). Les effets du temps de trempage sur la CRE étaient négligeables pour tous les ingrédients (p> 0,50). La CRE diminue avec l'augmentation de la taille des particules pour tous les aliments, mais leurs relations différaient significativement (p<0.0001). Tous les ingrédients alimentaires testés ont diminué la vitesse et l'étendue de la dissolution des prémélanges de CTC et de LIN. Le CRE était le principal facteur qui a empêché la dissolution des deux médicaments (p <0,0001), tandis que le temps et la teneur en cendres des ingredients favorisaient significativement leur dissolution (p ≤ 0,008). En comparaison des prémélanges dissouts seuls, le DDS et le seigle ont libéré 80% de ces antibiotiques, tandis que le TS, le blé et le maïs en ont libéré entre 40 et 50%. La neutralisation du LGSP au pH intestinal porcin a diminué les proportions dissoutes d’antibiotiques, mais pas significativement (p>0.69). La CRE des ingrédients utilisés dans la fabrication d'aliments médicamenteux serait donc un indicateur prometteur des interactions aliment-prémélange médicamenteux de LIN et de CTC. Afin d'augmenter leur libération et leur potentiel thérapeutique, la formulation des aliments médicamenteux pourrait être améliorée en utilisant des ingrédients alternatifs, dont la CRE est moindre. / Food-drug interactions adversely affecting the release process and the stability of their active ingredients must be characterized because of their adverse consequences on oral bioavailability, therapeutic efficacy and, in the case of antibiotics, selection resistant organisms. Our study evaluated the relationship between the efficiency of the in vitro release of chlortetracycline (CTC) and lincomycin (LIN) in simulated pig gastric fluid (SPGF) and the water-holding capacity (WHC) of feedstuffs commonly used in pig feed (soybean meal (SBM), dry distillers' grain with solubles (DDGS) and meat and bone meal (MBM), corn (gC), wheat (gW), and rye (gR), which it was fortified with 880 ppm CTC or 440 ppm LIN. The WHC of ingredients differed significantly (p <0.0001) among feedstuffs with the highest value for SBM both in water and SPGF and lowest value for MBM. The MBM had a significantly lower WHC in SPGF than in water (p <.0001). The effects of soaking time on WHC were negligible for all feedstuffs (p> 0.50). The WHC decreased with increasing particle size for all feedstuffs, but their relationships differed significantly (p <0.0001). All the tested feedstuffs decreased the rate and extent of dissolution of the CTC and LIN premixes. WHC was the main factor that hindered the dissolution of both drugs (p <0.0001), while the time and ash content of the ingredients significantly favored their dissolution (p ≤ 0.008). Compared to the dissolved premixes alone, DDGS and gR released 80% of these antibiotics, while SBM, gW and gC released between 40% and 50%. Neutralization of SPGF at swine intestinal pH decreased the dissolved proportions of antibiotics, but not significantly (p> 0.69). The WHC of the used feedstuffs in the manufacture of medicated feed would therefore be a promising indicator of the feed-drug interactions of LIN and CTC. To increase their release and therapeutic potential, the formulation of medicated feeds could be improved by using alternative ingredients, with less WHC.
14

Comparaison de méthodes de quantification afin de proposer un système de surveillance de l’utilisation des agents antimicrobiens dans les fermes bovines laitières du Québec

Lardé, Hélène 08 1900 (has links)
La quantification de l’utilisation des antimicrobiens (UAM) est un élément clé des programmes de surveillance de la résistance aux antimicrobiens. Cette thèse a pour objectif général d’évaluer plusieurs méthodes de quantification de l’UAM dans les fermes laitières québécoises. Plus précisément, elle vise à définir un indicateur adapté au contexte canadien pour rapporter l’UAM chez les bovins, à déterminer le taux d’UAM annuel moyen dans les fermes laitières québécoises et à comparer différentes méthodes de quantification afin d’identifier une méthode potentielle de surveillance de l’UAM dans les fermes laitières québécoises. Une étude observationnelle de cohorte a été menée à partir du recrutement de 101 producteurs laitiers du Québec. Un inventaire des antimicrobiens utilisés a été réalisé pendant un an pour chaque ferme à partir de la collecte (1) des emballages de médicaments utilisés pour traiter les bovins et (2) des factures de meunerie détaillant les quantités d’aliments médicamenteux livrées. Le taux d’UAM a été estimé en nombre de doses définies par 100 vache-années. Les doses définies n’existaient pas pour les bovins au Canada et ont été développées : dose journalière (DDDbovCA) et dose pour un traitement complet (DCDbovCA). Étant donnée l’utilisation de formulations à action prolongée en production laitière (comme les intra-mammaires au tarissement), l’unité DCDbovCA a été privilégiée pour les analyses. Un taux moyen de 537 DCDbovCA/100 vache-années a été observé, soit 537 traitements antibiotiques administrés annuellement dans un troupeau standard de 100 vaches laitières. La voie d’administration intra-mammaire était la plus utilisée. Les antimicrobiens d’importance critique les plus prioritaires en médecine humaine représentaient 17,5% de l’utilisation totale. Une faible proportion de fermes utilisait des antimicrobiens médicalement importants dans l’alimentation des animaux. L’incidence des maladies n’expliquait que partiellement la variance de l’utilisation totale. D’autres facteurs restent à déterminer pour expliquer les pratiques d’UAM dans les fermes laitières québécoises. Les données issues de plusieurs méthodes de quantification ont été comparées aux données de l’étude observationnelle. Pour les médicaments vétérinaires d’une part, le taux d’UAM estimé à partir des factures vétérinaires décrivait de façon presque parfaite le taux d’UAM réel (coefficient de corrélation de concordance, CCC = 0,83) alors que les méthodes utilisant les données du programme gouvernemental « Amélioration de la santé animale au Québec » ou des registres de traitements complétés à la ferme performaient moins bien. Pour les aliments médicamenteux d’autre part, le taux d’UAM estimé à partir des prescriptions vétérinaires pour aliments médicamenteux ou à partir des informations obtenues lors d’une entrevue individuelle avec le producteur corrélait bien le taux d’UAM réel (CCC = 0,66 et 0,73 respectivement). Le projet a permis de quantifier l’UAM annuelle dans les fermes laitières québécoises (par catégorie d’antimicrobiens et voie d’administration) en utilisant un nouvel indicateur de mesure (DCDbovCA). De plus, ce projet démontre la validité des données issues des factures et prescriptions vétérinaires pour quantifier l’UAM dans les troupeaux laitiers québécois. Le logiciel de facturation utilisé par la majorité des médecins vétérinaires praticiens du Québec pourrait servir au développement d’un système provincial de surveillance et de benchmarking de l’UAM. / Quantification of antimicrobial usage (AMU) is a key component of surveillance programs on antimicrobial resistance. The general objective of this thesis was to assess different quantification methods of the AMU in Québec dairy farms. More specifically, the project was designed to define a metric adapted to the Canadian context for AMU reports in cattle, to determine the mean annual AMU rate in Québec dairy herds, and to compare several quantification methods in order to identify a potential method suitable for AMU surveillance in Québec dairy farms. An observational cohort study was conducted from the recruitment of 101 Québec dairy producers. Antimicrobials used to treat dairy cattle were quantified over one year using a garbage can audit involving the collect of (1) veterinary drugs into a receptacle and (2) medicated feed delivered on the farm from feed mills invoices. The AMU rate was estimated in number of defined doses per 100 cow-years. Defined doses were not available in Canada for cattle and were assigned as part of the project: daily doses (DDDbovCA) and course doses (DCDbovCA). Due to usage of long-acting products in dairy cattle (such as intramammary formulations for dry cows), the DCDbovCA unit was preferred for analyses. Overall, an estimated mean of 537 DCDbovCA/100 cow-years was observed, meaning that an average of 537 antimicrobial treatments were administered annually in a standard 100-cow herd. The intramammary route during lactation was the most frequently observed. Highest priority critically important antimicrobials accounted for 17.5% of the total usage. A low proportion of farms used medically important antimicrobials in animal feed. Incidence of diseases explained only partially the variance in total AMU rate. Other factors have to be determined to explain the AMU in Québec dairy farms. Data from several quantification methods were compared to the observational study data. First, for veterinary drugs, the AMU rate estimated from veterinary sales described almost perfectly the actual AMU rate (concordance correlation coefficient, CCC = 0.83), whereas other methods using data from the governmental program “Amélioration de la santé animale au Québec” or from treatment records completed on the farm were not as reliable. Second, for medicated feed, the AMU rate estimated from veterinary prescriptions for medicated feed or from information obtained by individual interviews with producers were well correlated with the actual AMU rate (CCC = 0.66 and 0.73, respectively). Quantification of AMU was successfully performed by antimicrobial category and by route of administration in Québec dairy farms over one year using a newly defined unit of measure (DCDbovCA). This project demonstrates the validity of the data extracted from veterinary invoices and prescriptions to quantify the AMU in Québec dairy herds. The billing software used by most of Québec veterinary practitioners could be used to develop a monitoring and benchmarking system of the AMU at the provincial level.

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