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Modelling nonfunctional requirements, along with many other NFR-related concerns, have not been addressed properly in the literature. Although nonfunctional requirements (or quality attributes) are important, they are the most expensive and difficult to deal with since they are (mostly) specified qualitatively not quantitatively, and also due to the fact that nonfunctional requirements may have interdependencies among each other leading to inconsistency in requirements specification. Moreover, the adoption of the concept of product families into the software industry led to the ability today to build families that share features. This indicates the significance of software families. Accordingly, in this research, not only do we study nonfunctional requirements in a systematic way, we also attempt to examine them from the perspective of software families. We highlight the need for developing a better quantitative assessment technique for nonfunctional requirements. Then, we propose a formal approach to the assessment of nonfunctional requirements in software product families. / Thesis / Master of Applied Science (MASc)

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Georgia, 2002. / Directed by Timothy Hoover. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 52-59).

<p> The first two chapters of this study explore <i>Mehrdeutigkeit</i> and parsimonious, non-functional voice leading of augmented triads, fully diminished seventh chords, and half-diminished seventh chords in the late <i> Lieder</i> of Franz Liszt. These techniques utilize varying numbers of common tone retention to create surface level ambiguity. Examples of this motion are extracted from the <i>Lieder</i>, and presented along with a discussion of how the chords function on the musical surface. In Chapter 3, these chords are paired with the concept of directional tonality and a variety of prolongational techniques to discuss deeper structural ambiguity in the selected late <i>Lieder</i>. Polyfocal analysis, a method of Schenkerian analysis, is employed to depict the prolongational techniques and how all of these elements function together to create tonal ambiguity. Lastly, the revisions of two different <i>Lieder</i> are discussed to show the change in Liszt's compositional approach later in his career. </p>

AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Linnea Anderson, for the Masters of Science degree in Communication Disorders and Sciences, presented on 4/3/2013, at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. TITLE: The Use of Melodic Intonation Therapy in the Clinical Setting MAJOR PROFESSOR: Kenneth O. Simpson Melodic Intonation Therapy (MIT) is a popular published program for Broca's aphasia. This investigation focused on the clinical use of MIT. Five participants were selected to take part in a survey. Of these five, none had purchased the program and all had created a modified MIT program. Some of the participants used their modified MIT program with individuals who do not have Broca's aphasia. Varying levels of effectiveness were indicated by the participants about their modified MIT program.

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The translation of mRNA into functional proteins is essential for all life. In eukaryotes, aberrant RNAs containing sequence features that stall or severely slow down ribosomes are subject to translation-dependent quality control. Targets include mRNAs encoding a strong secondary structure (No-Go Decay; NGD) or stretches of positively-charged amino acids (Peptide-dependent Translation Arrest/Ribosome Quality Control; PDTA/RQC), mRNAs lacking an in-frame stop codon (Non-Stop Decay; NSD), or defective 18S rRNAs (18S Nonfunctional rRNA Decay; 18S NRD). Previous work from our lab showed that the S. cerevisiae NGD factors DOM34 and HBS1, and PDTA/RQC factor ASC1, all participate in the kinetics of 18S NRD. Upon further investigation of 18S NRD, our research revealed the critical role of ribosomal protein S3 (RPS3), thus adding to the emerging evidence that the ribosome senses its own translational status. While aberrant mRNAs mentioned above can occur endogenously, damaging agents, such as oxidative stress or UV irradiation, can negatively affect the chemical integrity of RNA. Such lesions could lead to translation errors and ribosome stalling. However, current tools to monitor the fate of damaged RNA are quite limited and only provide a low-resolution picture. Therefore, we sought to develop a deep-sequencing method to detect damaged RNA, taking advantage of reverse transcriptase's ability to insert a mutation across a damaged site. Using oxidized RNA as a model damaged RNA, our preliminary data showed increased G>T mutations in oxidized RNA. This method provides the foundation for future work aimed at understanding how cells deal with damaged RNA.

The molecular biology revolution of the 1960s has given rise to an enormous body of literature describing, in great detail, the inner workings of the cell. Over the course of the past 50 years, and countless hours at the bench, biologists have used the implications of basic research to produce vaccines, antibiotics, and other therapies that have improved both the quality and duration of our lives. Despite these incredible advances, basic questions remain unanswered. In even the simplest model organism, hundreds of essential genes have never been studied. Moreover, the central dogma of molecular biology—DNA to RNA to Protein—is understood largely in terms of how the cell functions under ideal conditions. What happens when things go wrong? This study seeks to characterize one of the cell’s contingency plans—a quality control measure for the eukaryotic ribosome. Today, despite the abundance of ribosomes in all cells, we are only beginning to understand the details of how they function, and the mechanisms that monitor their behavior. Recently, inactivated ribosomes were shown to be destroyed by the cell's own quality control measures, potentially preventing them from harming the cell. This system, dubbed 18S Nonfunctional rRNA Decay, is known to utilize a pair of ribosome-binding proteins to carry out its function. Yet the pathway still functions, albeit more slowly, in the absence of these two proteins, suggesting that other components must exist. The work discussed here is largely concerned with identifying these other factors, characterizing their activities, and determining how the 18S Nonfunctional rRNA Decay pathway impacts the health of the cell.

Introduction Wrestling is a competitive and intermittent combat sport characterised mainly by strength components. Few researchers have examined nonfunctional overreaching in strength-based athletes, such as wrestlers, despite being prevalent. To prevent the more severe condition of overtraining syndrome, it is important to detect early maladaptation, i.e., nonfunctional overreaching. Due to its complex nature, most studies have not managed to develop nonfunctional overreaching conditions in athletes. The purpose of this review is to broadly summarize previous research on functional overreaching, nonfunctional overreaching, and overtraining syndrome to examine useful methods to assess nonfuntional overreaching in wrestlers. Method Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science were used with various combinations of nonfuntional overreaching OR overreaching OR overtraining syndrome. Subjective and objective methods that could be useful to adapt to wrestling to assess nonfunctional overreaching were summarized and discussed. Studies conducted on athletes or physically active individuals in various sports engaging in seasonal training or a moderate to high-intensity training intervention of at least six days or are nonfunctionally overreached were included. Included studies are published original articles and reviews. Results There are few studies on wrestlers regarding nonfunctional overreaching. Biochemical and physiological factors have been inconsistent, a relation between nonfunctional overreaching and decrements in maximal muscular strength and vertical jump height have been reported. Profile of Mood States, Perceived Recovery Status, and Recovery-Stress Questionnaire for Athletes have been successfully used to detect nonfunctional overreaching, only the latter being a comprehensive enough monitoring tool. Conclusion To adequately assess nonfunctional overreaching in wrestlers, psychological tools together with performance testing with baseline and follow-up values are emphasised. As specific objective or subjective markers seem to be lacking, coaches should use an individual approach when monitoring wrestlers. Consequently, more studies are needed to determine the validity and reliability of these methods in assessing nonfunctional overreaching in wrestlers.

This project is an investigation of melodic drum-kit practices in popular and contemporary music. The development of melodic drum-kit playing techniques has helped create a more inclusive role for drum-kit players within ensembles and has increased the potential for drum-kit players to present solo elements in performance. The project artefacts of my research are six compositions presented on CD. They demonstrate performance and compositional techniques that encourage a melodic approach to drum-kit performance. My research involved several methodological approaches these included: a) professional practice-based research, b) music composition and transcription, c) interviews with significant musicians familiar with drum-kit melodic practices and d) elements of autoethnography. I refer to particular drum-kit performance techniques and practices such as mirroring, thinking melodically, spatial relationships between drum-kit instruments and ensemble players, as well as, internalising melodic and harmonic ideas and being in the moment. I have shown in my compositional project that melodic elements in drum-kit performance and composition encourage a broader and more inclusive role for drummers in improvised performance. This is evident in the ensemble versions of compositions submitted as part of this study.