Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:37:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RaquelSM_DISSERT.pdf: 1210364 bytes, checksum: 4fa725d4ec9ab3f0348c1172d9b3ef02 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-27 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that induces behavioral changes in rodents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of infection by T. gondii during the chronic phase in working memory and impulsivity in rodents as well as the effect of antipsychotics to reverse any behavioral changes resulting from infection. Female Wistar rats (n = 40) were infected with 25 cysts of the strain ME-49 T. gondii after 4 months the animals were subjected to behavioral tests: tolerance to delay gratification, in which the animal must choose between two rewards, a smaller and more immediate, but delayed and the test of spontaneous alternation, in which the animal must use spatial cues to remember previously visited arms. Antipsychotic drugs were intraperitoneally administered during the testing of the behavioral experiments, the antipsychotic is haloperidol (1.5 mg / kg) administered 60 min before the start of the session and the antipsychotic clozapine (2.5 mg / kg) 30 min before. Animals infected with the parasite did not show operating deficits of memory, and motor impairment did not develop, however motor impairment was observed only in animals treated with haloperidol. It was found that administration of clozapine and haloperidol increased the percentage of alternation in infected and control groups in task switching espont?nea.N?o no distinction between control animals and infected the test of tolerance to delay gratification in relation to the percentage of choices greatest reward, during the pre-training and training, in which there is a delay of 15 s to access the great reward, however it was observed that infected animals prefer the greatest reward, when there is a delay of 30 s when compared to control group. The administration of clozapine possible that infected animals chose the greatest reward in the delay of 30 seconds during the test. These data suggest that infected mice do not exhibit deficits in working memory and that clozapine has therapeutic efficacy in improving cognitive performance of mice infected / O Toxoplasma gondii ? um protozo?rio parasito que induz altera??es comportamentais em roedores. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito da infec??o pelo T.gondii durante a fase cr?nica na mem?ria operacional e na impulsividade de roedores, bem como o efeito de antipsic?ticos em reverter as eventuais altera??es comportamentais decorrentes da infec??o. Ratos wistar f?meas (n=40) foram infectadas com 25 cistos da cepa ME-49 do T. gondii, ap?s 4 meses os animais foram submetidos aos testes comportamentais: toler?ncia ao retardo de gratifica??o, na qual o animal deve escolher entre duas recompensas, uma menor imediata e uma maior, mas com retardo e o teste de altern?ncia espont?nea, na qual o animal deve utilizar pistas espaciais para recordar bra?os previamente visitados. Os antipsicoticos foram administrados via intraperitoneal durante a fase teste dos experimentos comportamentais, sendo o antipsic?tico haloperidol (1,5 mg/kg) administrado 60 min antes do inicio das sess?es e o antipsic?tico clozapina (2,5 mg/kg) 30 min antes. Os animais infectados com o parasito n?o apresentaram d?ficits de memoria operacional, e n?o desenvolveram preju?zo motor, no entanto foi observado preju?zo motor apenas nos animais tratados com haloperidol. Foi verificado que a administra??o de clozapina e haloperidol aumentou a porcentagem de alterna??o em grupos controle e infectado na tarefa de altern?ncia espont?nea.N?o existe distin??o entre animais do grupo controle e infectado no teste de toler?ncia ao retardo de gratifica??o em rela??o a porcentagem de escolhas pela maior recompensa, durante as fases de pr?-treinamento e treinamento, no qual existe um retardo de 15 s para o acesso da grande recompensa, no entanto foi verificado que animais infectados preferem a maior recompensa, quando existe um retardo de 30 s quando comparado ao grupo controle. A administra??o da clozapina possibilitou que os animais infectados escolhessem a maior recompensa, no retardo de 30s na fase teste. Estes dados sugerem que ratos infectados n?o apresentam d?ficits de mem?ria operacional e que a clozapina apresenta efic?cia terap?utica em melhorar o desempenho cognitivo de ratos infectados

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-01-03T18:05:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DanieleCarolineLeoncioFerreira_DISSERT.pdf: 1528583 bytes, checksum: 3ff75325d5a2db05d445ea4244e56a8e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-01-04T17:49:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DanieleCarolineLeoncioFerreira_DISSERT.pdf: 1528583 bytes, checksum: 3ff75325d5a2db05d445ea4244e56a8e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-04T17:49:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DanieleCarolineLeoncioFerreira_DISSERT.pdf: 1528583 bytes, checksum: 3ff75325d5a2db05d445ea4244e56a8e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-15 / A associa??o entre altera??es cognitivas, d?ficits de linguagem e o diagn?stico de Epilepsia Rol?ndica (ER) vem crescendo paulatinamente. Entretanto, in?meras cr?ticas s?o feitas aos estudos, notadamente pela aus?ncia de controle do n?vel de QI dos participantes. Adicionalmente, identifica-se pol?mica em termos das rela??es existentes entre os d?ficits no dom?nio da linguagem, a atividade epileptiforme e um conjunto de vari?veis cl?nicas intervenientes. Buscando contribuir para a compreens?o de tais rela??es, o objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a mem?ria operacional e a consci?ncia fonol?gica em crian?as diagnosticadas com Epilepsia Rol?ndica (ER). Foram avaliadas 42 crian?as com idades entre 6 e 13 anos. Destas, vinte e uma crian?as diagnosticadas com ER, segundo a classifica??o da Liga Internacional Contra a Epilepsia ? ILAE, constitu?ram o grupo experimental e; 21 crian?as sem ER, recrutadas de base de dados j? existente, pareadas em rela??o ?s do grupo experimental em fun??o do sexo, idade, escolaridade e n?vel socioecon?mico compuseram o grupo controle. O processo avaliativo contemplou anamnese com pais/respons?veis e protocolo composto por instrumentos, a saber, Teste das Matrizes Progressivas Coloridas de Raven, Teste das Matrizes Progressivas Escala Geral de Raven, subteste D?gitos da Escala Wechsler de Intelig?ncia para crian?as (WISC IV), Teste Blocos de Corsi, Teste de Flu?ncia Verbal e Consci?ncia fonol?gica ? instrumento de avalia??o sequencial (CONFIAS). Os resultados evidenciam diferen?as significativas entre os desempenhos de crian?as com ER e crian?as h?gidas nos testes que avaliaram a mem?ria operacional e consci?ncia fonol?gica, sinalizando melhor desempenho em crian?as com desenvolvimento t?pico. Ademais, foram identificadas correla??es significativas positivas e altas entre a mem?ria operacional e a consci?ncia fonol?gica no subgrupo cl?nico da ER. Os achados indicam que n?o h? influ?ncia significativa de vari?veis cl?nicas sobre os desempenhos de crian?as diagnosticadas com ER nos testes de mem?ria operacional e consci?ncia fonol?gica. De maneira geral, sugere-se que o comprometimento em ambas as fun??es cognitivas pode estar associado ao preju?zo no dom?nio da linguagem em crian?as com ER, assim como pontua-se que o desenvolvimento da mem?ria operacional e da consci?ncia fonol?gica se interrelacionam. / Association among cognitive alterations, language deficits and rolandic epilepsy (RE) diagnosis has been increasing in a constant basis. Nevertheless, a consistent criticism related to the absence of a due IQ level control of participants is addressed to these studies. Another source of criticism is related to the debate concerning possible existing relationship among deficits in language domain, epilectiform activity and a set of intervening clinical variables. This study aimed at investigating operational memory and phonological consciousness in children diagnosed as presenting rolandic epilepsy (RE), in order to clarify the relationship among above-mentioned aspects. 42 participants with ages varying from six to thirteen years were evaluated. Twenty-one participants, diagnosed as presenting rolandic epilepsy, according to ILAE ? International League Against Epilepsy diagnosis criteria, constituted the experimental group; the other twenty-one participants had not this RE diagnosis, constituting thereby the control group. Both experimental and control groups were paired concerning sex, age, school level and socio-economic familiar background. Evaluating process was constituted by anamneses inquiry addressed to parents/caretakers, and protocol composed by the following proofs: Raven Color Progressive Matrices Test, Raven General Scale Progressive Matrices Test, Sub-test Digits from Wechsler Intelligence Scale ? children version (WISC-IV), Corsi Blocs Test, Verbal Fluency and Phonological Consciousness Test - Instrument of Sequential Evaluation (CONFIAS). Results showed significant differences between RE and non-RE participants performance in tests evaluating operational memory and phonological consciousness, signaling better performance in children with typical development. On the other hand, highly significant positive correlations were detected between operational memory and phonological consciousness inside clinical subgroup RE. These findings indicate the absence of significant influence of clinical variables over performance in RE children in operational memory and phonological consciousness tests. In general terms, it is suggested here that handicaps in these cognitive functions could be associated to damages in language domain in RE children. Additionally, these findings allow the proposition of interrelation between development of operational memory and phonological consciousness.

Submitted by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-04-18T14:24:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_ANGELA_MARIA_DE_FREITAS_PARCIAL.pdf: 938271 bytes, checksum: c3800cf2be6de18d02d673baa5d77510 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-18T14:24:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_ANGELA_MARIA_DE_FREITAS_PARCIAL.pdf: 938271 bytes, checksum: c3800cf2be6de18d02d673baa5d77510 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-26 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Objectives: To evaluate the executive functions of air traffic controllers (ATCO) and relate them to characteristics of professional activity, such as length of service, technical qualification and work shifts. Additionally, to evaluate stress and excessive daytime sleepiness in ATCO, identifying the impact of these variables on attention activity. Methods: Fifty-two ATCO participated, based at 3 air traffic control units (A, B and C). Sample selection adopted a non-probabilistic convenience approach with sequential selection. Results are presented as descriptive statistics using absolute and relative distribution (n-%), as well as by measures of central tendency and variability, with the distribution of data evaluated using the Shapiro?Wilk test. Pearson's chi-squared (?2) or Fisher's exact test was used to compare between qualitative variables. The Mann-Whitney or Student t test was applied for comparison of continuous variables between two independent groups, and One-way Analysis of Variance with post-hoc Tukey for comparison between three or more groups. Instruments: Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Diffuse Attention Test -TEDIF-III, Focused Attention Test -TECON-III, Letter-Number Sequencing -WAIS III, Digit Span -WAIS III, Matrix Reasoning -WAIS III, Lipp Inventory of Stress Symptoms for Adults (ISSL-Lipp), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and Questionnaire applied to the ATCO. Results: The ATCO presented mean scores above the population mean for assessment of cognitive flexibility, strategic planning and ability to generate solutions, especially among the group of controllers with 0-5 years of service, whose scores were statistically significant. Considering the Digits, Letter-Number Sequencing and Matrix Reasoning subsets, the ATCO presented weighted scores above the mean, indicating efficient performance in working memory, visual information processing and abstract reasoning. The classification of average and below average prevailed in the focused attention evaluation, with these rates being within the population mean. In the diffuse attention test, they presented an increasing growth between the mean number of correct responses and time of task performance, implying an ability to maintain complex diffuse attention, efficient control of interferences and absence of impairment due to time pressure. Only 16% of the ATCO presented stress symptomatology, with a predominance of physical symptoms (62%). In the evaluation of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), statistical significance was identified between sleep and place of work. The ATCO with positive EDS scores worked rotating shifts that included the nighttime period. Conclusion: The executive functioning of ATCO is not influenced by shift work, technical qualification or length of service. Executive functioning is associated with the successful performance of key cognitive resources, such as memory, attention abstract reasoning, planning and flexibility to change. / Objetivo: Avaliar fun??es executivas dos Controladores de Tr?fego A?reo (CTA) relacionando-as com caracter?sticas da atividade profissional, como tempo de servi?o, habilita??o t?cnica e turnos de trabalho. Avaliar estresse e sonol?ncia diurna excessiva em CTA, visando identificar os impactos destas vari?veis na atividade atencional. M?todo: Participaram 52 CTA, pertencentes a 3 ?rg?os de controle de tr?fego a?reo (A, B e C). A sele??o amostral caracterizou-se como n?o probabil?stica com abordagem por conveni?ncia com sele??o sequencial. A apresenta??o dos resultados ocorreu pela estat?stica descritiva atrav?s da distribui??o absoluta e relativa (n-%), bem como, pelas medidas de tend?ncia central e de variabilidade com estudo da distribui??o de dados pelo teste de Shappiro Wilk. Na compara??o entre vari?veis qualitativas foram utilizados os testes Qui-quadrado de Pearson (?2) ou Exato de Fisher. Para as vari?veis cont?nuas, quando a compara??o ocorreu entre dois grupos independentes foi aplicado o teste de t-Student ou de Mann Whitney. E na compara??o entre tr?s ou mais grupos foi utilizada a An?lise de Vari?ncia (One way) ? Post Hoc Tukey. Instrumentos: Teste Wisconsin de Classifica??o de Cartas (WCST), Teste de Aten??o Difusa-TEDIF III,Teste aten??o concentrada ?TECON III, Seq??ncia de N?meros e Letras-WAIS III, D?gitos-WAIS III, Racioc?nio Matricial-WAIS III, Invent?rio para Sintomas de Estresse para Adultos?(ISSL-Lipp), Escala de Sonol?ncia Epworth (ESE), Question?rio Aplicado aos CTA. Resultados: Na avalia??o da flexibilidade cognitiva, planejamento estrat?gico e capacidade de gerar solu??es os CTA apresentaram escores acima da m?dia populacional predominando para estas medidas escores com signific?ncia estat?stica no grupo de controladores que tem de 0 a 5 anos de servi?o. Nos subtestes D?gitos, Sequ?ncia de n?meros e letras e Racioc?nio matricial, os CTA apresentaram escores ponderados acima da m?dia significando desempenho eficiente em mem?ria operacional processamento de informa??o visual e racioc?nio abstrato. Na avalia??o de aten??o concentrada predominou classifica??o m?dia e m?dia inferior, ?ndices esses dentro da m?dia populacional. Na aten??o difusa apresentaram crescimento ascendente entre o n?mero m?dio de acertos e tempo de execu??o da tarefa, significando capacidade em manter aten??o difusa complexa, eficiente controle das interfer?ncias e aus?ncia de preju?zos mediante press?o de tempo. Apenas 16% dos CTA apresentaram Sintomatologia de Estresse (SE), com predom?nio de sintomas f?sicos (62%). Na avalia??o da Sonol?ncia Diurna Excessiva (SDE), identificamos signific?ncia estat?stica entre sono e local de trabalho. Os CTA com escores para SDE trabalham em turnos rotativos que incluem per?odo da madrugada. Conclus?o: O Funcionamento executivo em CTA n?o sofre influ?ncia dos turnos de trabalho, habilita??o t?cnica ou tempo de servi?o. Funcionamento executivo est? associado ao desempenho eficiente de recursos cognitivos determinantes como mem?ria, aten??o, racioc?nio abstrato, planejamento e flexibilidade a mudan?as.