cAMP-elevating agents such as adenosine and epinephrine (after binding to beta-adrenergic receptor) contribute to local vascular dilation and some of these dilations are endothelium-dependent. Previous intracellular Ca 2+ imaging studies in mouse microvessel endothelial cells reported that addition of adenosine or epinephrine induced a Ca2+ influx which is blocked by CNG channel blockers such as L-cis-diltiazem or LY83583. Inside-out patch clamp studies confirmed the existence of a cAMP-activated current in endothelial cells, strongly suggesting a functional role of CNG, in particular CNGA2, channels in endothelial cells. The current study went further to show that similar Ca2+ influx in response to adenosine or epinephrine occurred in endothelial cells in freshly isolated mouse aortic strips and was again blocked by L-cis-diltiazem. By measuring the isometric force developed in mouse aortic strips, we showed that CNGA2 channel-mediated Ca2+ influx in endothelial cells contributed to the endothelium-dependent vascular dilatation in response to adenosine and epinephrine. / In conclusion, cyclic nucleotides playa vital role in the regulation of intracellular Ca2+ concentration in vascular cells and Jurket T cells. / In Jurkat T cells, cyclic nucleotides regulated Ca2+ mobilization in a different way. Fluorescence-imaging studies showed that cGMP inhibited store-operated Ca2+ influx and histamine-induced Ca 2+ rise in Jurkat T cells through activation of PKG. / Thromboxane A2 (TxA2)-induced smooth muscle contraction has been implicated in cardiovascular, renal and respiratory diseases. This contraction can partly be attributed to TxA2-induced Ca2+ influx, which activates the Ca2+-calmodulin-MLCK pathway. This study aims to identify the channels that mediate TxA2-induced Ca2+ influx in vascular smooth muscle cells. Application of U-46619, a thromboxane A2 mimic, resulted in a constriction in endothelium-denuded small mesenteric artery segments. The constriction relied on the presence of extracellular Ca2+, because removal of extracellular Ca2+ abolished the constriction. This constriction was partially inhibited by a L-type Ca2+ channel inhibitor nifedipine (0.5-1 muM). The remaining component was inhibited by L-cis-diltiazem, a selective inhibitor for CNG channels, in a dose-dependent manner, Another CNG channel blocker LY83583 [6-(phenylamino)-5,8-quinolinedione] had similar effect. In primary cultured smooth muscle cells derived from rat aorta, application of U46619 (100 nM) induced a rise in cytosolic Ca2+, which was inhibited by L-cis-diltiazem. Immunoblot experiments confirmed the presence Of CNGA2 protein in vascular smooth muscle cells, These data suggest a functional role of CNG channels in U-46619-induced Ca 2+ influx and contraction of smooth muscle cells. / Leung, Yuk Ki. / "August 2010." / Adviser: Yao Xiaoxiang. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 73-04, Section: B, page: . / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 116-132). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [201-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract also in Chinese.

Submitted by Timbo Noeme (noeme.timbo@metodista.br) on 2016-08-09T17:10:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LeonardoMMuniz2.pdf: 1320890 bytes, checksum: e1d55ac3650fd4a9ee03b53c73b61a12 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-09T17:10:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LeonardoMMuniz2.pdf: 1320890 bytes, checksum: e1d55ac3650fd4a9ee03b53c73b61a12 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-15 / The internet is part of every people daily life and becomes increasingly accessible through different types of devices. Several studies have been conducted in order to assess the consequences of their excessive use in personal, academic and professional life. This paper aimed to identify if the concentration and social isolation are some of the reflections by the excessive use of instant messaging applications in the workplace. Some of the variables that assess aspects of excessive use of instant messaging are diminished impulse control, loneliness, social comfort, and digital distraction. Through a quantitative research approach, it was used scales applied to a sample of 283 people, the data was analyzed by multivariate techniques like Exploratory Factor Analysis and Multiple Linear Regression. The results of this study confirm that the excessive use of instant messaging is positive related to loss of concentration and the variable digital distraction exerts a greater influence than the diminished impulse control. However, according to the results, loneliness and social comfort cannot be said that there is a relationship in increasing social isolation due to lack of significance of the relationship. / A Internet está inserida no cotidiano do indivíduo, e torna-se cada vez mais acessível por meio de diferentes tipos de dispositivos. Com isto, diversos estudos foram realizados com o intuito de avaliar os reflexos do seu uso excessivo na vida pessoal, acadêmica e profissional. Esta dissertação buscou identificar se a perda de concentração e o isolamento social são alguns dos reflexos individuais que o uso pessoal e excessivo de aplicativos de comunicação instantânea podem resultar no ambiente de trabalho. Entre as variáveis selecionadas para avaliar os aspectos do uso excessivo de comunicadores instantâneos tem-se a distração digital, o controle reduzido de impulso, o conforto social e a solidão. Através de uma abordagem de investigação quantitativa, utilizaram-se escalas aplicadas a uma amostra de 283 pessoas. Os dados foram analisados por meio de técnicas estatísticas multivariadas como a Análise Fatorial Exploratória e para auferir a relação entre as variáveis, a Regressão Linear Múltipla. Os resultados deste estudo confirmam que o uso excessivo de comunicadores instantâneos está positivamente relacionado com a perda de concentração, e a variável distração digital exerce uma influência maior do que o controle reduzido de impulso. De acordo com os resultados, não se podem afirmar que a solidão e o conforto social exercem relações com aumento do isolamento social, devido à ausência do relacionamento entre os construtos.

Based on author's thesis. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 225-238) and index.

No description available.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid that has proven to be an important signaling molecule both as an extracellular primary messenger and as an intracellular second messenger. Extracellular S1P acts through a family of five S1P receptors, S1PR1-5, all of which are G protein-coupled receptors associated with different G proteins. Previous work from our laboratory shows that externally applied S1P increases the excitability of small-diameter sensory neurons by enhancing the action potential firing. The increased neuronal excitability is mediated primarily, but not exclusively, through S1PR1. This raises the question as to which other S1PRs mediate the enhanced excitability in sensory neurons. To address this question, the expression of different S1PR subtypes in small-diameter sensory neurons was examined by single-cell quantitative PCR. The results show that sensory neurons express the mRNAs for all five S1PRs, with S1PR1 mRNA level significantly greater than the other subtypes. To investigate the functional contribution of other S1PRs in augmenting excitability, sensory neurons were treated with a pool of three individual siRNAs targeted to S1PR1, R2 and R3. This treatment prevented S1P from augmenting excitability, indicating that S1PR1, R2 and/or R3 are essential in mediating S1P-induced sensitization. To study the role of S1PR2 in S1P-induced sensitization, JTE-013, a selective antagonist at S1PR2, was used. Surprisingly, JTE-013 by itself enhanced neuronal excitability. Alternatively, sensory neurons were pretreated with FTY720, which is an agonist at S1PR1/R3/R4/R5 and presumably downregulates these receptors. FTY720 pretreatment prevented S1P from increasing neuronal excitability, suggesting that S1PR2 does not mediate the S1P-induced sensitization. To test the hypothesis that S1PR1 and R3 mediate S1P-induced sensitization, sensory neurons were pretreated with specific antagonists for S1PR1 and R3, or with siRNAs targeted to S1PR1 and R3. Both treatments blocked the capacity of S1P to enhance neuronal excitability. Therefore my results demonstrate that the enhanced excitability produced by S1P is mediated by S1PR1 and/or S1PR3. Additionally, my results indicate that S1P/S1PR1 elevates neuronal excitability through the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase. The data from antagonism at S1PR1 to regulate neuronal excitability provides insight into the importance of S1P/S1PR1 axis in modulating pain signal transduction.

Le but de la présente étude « Le Rôle des Troupes de Démons Hostiles aux Vivants dans l’Égypte Ancienne » est déterminé les critères qui définissent le rôle des catégories des démons qui manifestent en troupes pour influencer les gens dans la vie terrestre. Le premier chapitre de la thèse intitulée « Le début du rôle des troupes de démons dans la vie terrestre et les aspects qui Identifient son nature » identifie trois points principaux: « Les Sources qui témoignent le rôle des troupes de démons avec les gens sur la terre », « Le rôle des troupes de démons: Quand et pourquoi? », et « Remarques préliminaires sur les troupes de démons ». Chapitre deux porte le titre « Identification des troupes de démons ». Les troupes étudiées dans ce chapitre sont disposés en fonction de leur importance, cet aspect est déterminé lors de l'analyse des rôles attribués à chacun de ces troupes en ce qui concerne la date de l'apparition et de la diversité des rôles. Ces troupes sont: #Atyw « Les Exécuteurs », Wpwtyw « Les Messagers », ^mAyw « Les Errants », @nTtyw « Les Bouchers », awAyw « Les Voleurs », %wAw « Les Passants », et @rytyw « Ceux qui répandent la terreur ». Les détails concernant les connotations du nom, les rôles principaux et les tâches sont discutées en sous-titres sous les rubriques qui discutent chaque troupe des démons. Chapitre trois intitulé « Désignations: Ontologie de l'identité et du caractère » traite des différents titres et épithètes qui sont apparus dans le corpus comme désignation pour les troupes de démons identifiés dans le chapitre deux. Le plus important de ces désignations sont: NTrw « Divine », NDstyw « Divinités mineures », Mdwt « Les paroles (des dieux) », Prryw m Irt Ra « qui sortent de l'Œil de Rê », &pyw-a-%xmt « Avant-gardes de Sekhmet », Imyw-xt-%xmt « Arrière-gardes de Sekhmet », ^msw « Les cortèges », Wpwtyw « Les Messagers », nTrw mDAwt « Dieux de Livres », Apdw « Les Oiseaux », TAw « Les Vents », %bAw « Les Etoiles », Imyw-spspw « Ceux qui sont avec les couteaux », %tyw « Ceux qui tirent des flèches », ^srw « Les Flèches », _Sr « Le rouge », +Ayw « Les adversaires », +ww « Les maux ». Ces désignations sont classées selon les catégories thématiques qui les identifient. Chapitre quatre est intitulé « Propagation et Provocation des troupes de démons sur Terre: Dieux maîtres des Démons et les zones de menace ». Il traite des principaux aspects qui contrôlent la manifestation de démons sur terre. L'élément le plus important est les divinités qui contrôlent les démons. Chapitre cinq traite la « Nature de la tâche de troupes des démons sur Terre ». Les rubriques de ce chapitre étudient les aspects qui permettent d'identifier le rôle des démons dans la vie terrestre et comment la tâche démoniaque peut être défini en ce qui concerne les éléments de la dualité et de l'inimitié, etc. Chapitre six présente « Le Plan et le cours de la tâche ». Le but de ce chapitre est d'identifier les actions que les démons suivent afin d'affecter les gens. Les chapitres sept et huit traitent « Les Effets des troupes des démons dans la vie terrestre ». Ils discutent respectivement « la mort » et « la maladie ». Enfin le chapitre neuf définit « Le rôle de la magie dans la protection des Mortels contre les troupes des démons sur Terre ». Dans ce chapitre les aspects liés au temps et la cible sont entraîné. Concernant le contenu du corpus, les sources de l'étude sont disposées en quatre parties, dont chacune traite avec un groupe de textes de la même catégorie. Le sujet de cette étude est présenté dans neuf chapitres et une annexe y compris le corpus. La présentation des catégories est ordonnée selon leurs importances. La première partie est intitulée « Les Incantations magiques prophylactiques ». Cette partie est d'abord introduite comme l'apogée de la pensée égyptienne concernant la capacité des démons d'influer les différents aspects de la vie des gens sur la terre. Les textes de la première partie sont classés en deux sections... / The present study The Role of Malevolent Demon Troops with the Livings in Ancient Egypt aims to determine the criteria that defines the role of the category of demons who manifest in troops to affect people in the earthly life. The subject of this study is discussed in nine chapters and an annex including the corpora.It is better to start by displaying the contents of the corpora. The first chapter of the thesis entitled Arising of the Role of Demon Troops in Terrestrial Life and Aspects Identifying its Nature identifies three main points: Sources Recording the Role of Demon Troops with Mortals on Earth, The Role of Demon Troops: When and Why? And Preliminary Notes about Demon Troops.Chapter two bears the title Identification of Demon Troops. The troops studied in this chapter are arranged according to their importance, that aspect is determined upon the analysis of the roles attributed to each of these troops regarding the time of appearance and the diversity of roles. These troops are: #Atyw “The Executioners, Wpwtyw “The Messengers”, ^mAyw “The Wanderers”, @nTtyw “The Butchers”, awAyw “The Robbers”, %wAw “The Passers-by”, and @rytyw “Those Who Spread Terror”. Details about the connotations of the name, the main roles and tasks are discussed under each troop of demons.Chapter three entitled Designations: The Ontology of Identity and Character discusses the different titles and epithets that appeared in the corpora as designation for the troops of demons identified in chapter two. The most important of these designations are: NTrw “Divine”, NDstyw “minor Divinities”, Mdwt “Words (of Gods)”, Prryw m Irt Re “Who Go Out from the Eye of Re”, &pyw-a-%xmt “Vaunguards of Sekhmet”, Imyw-xt %xmt “Rearguards of Sekhmet”, ^msw “The Retinues”, Wpwtyw “Messengers”, NTrw mDAwt “Gods of Books”, Apdw “Birds”, TAw “Winds”, %bAw “Stars”, Imyw-spspw “Those with the knives”, %tyw “Those who shoot arrows”, ^srw “Arrows”, bin “The Bad”, _Sr “The red”, +Ayw “The Adversaries”, +ww “The Evil”. These designations are presented classified according to thematic categories identifying them.Chapter four bears the title Propagation and Provocation of Demon Troops on Earth: Superordinate Deities and Threat Zones. It deals with the main aspects that control the manifestation of demons on earth. The most important element is the deities who control demons. Chapter five deals with Nature of Task of the Demon Troops on Earth. The rubrics of this chapter study the aspects that identify the role of demons in the earthly life and how the demonic task can be defined regarding the elements of duality and enmity and so on.Chapter six presents Plan and Course of the Task. The aim of this chapter is identifying the actions that demons follow in order to affect people.Chapters seven and eight deal with the Impact of Demon Troops in Terrestrial Life. They respectively discusses the Death and the Disease.Finally chapter nine comes to define The Role of Magic in the Protection of Mortals against Demon Troops on Earth. The aspects connected to time, location and the targeted are also entailed.Concerning the corpora, the sources of the study are arranged in four parts, each of which deals with a group of texts from the same category. The order of presenting the categories is according to their importance. In the first part the Magical Prophylactic Incantations are firstly introduced as the apogee of the Egyptian thought concerning the capacity of demons to affect the different aspects of the life of people on earth.