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The objective of this paper is to show how Olivier Messiaen's Mode de valeurs et d'intensites influenced the development of postwar serialism. Written at Darmstadt in 1949, Mode de valeurs is considered the first European work to organize systematically all the major musical parameters: pitch, duration, dynamics, articulation, and register. This work was a natural step in Messiaen's growth toward complete or nearly complete systemization of musical parameters, which he had begun working towards in earlier works such as Vingt regards sur 1'Enfant-Jesus (1944), Turangalila-symphonie (1946-8), and Cantyodjaya (1949), and which he continued to experiment with in later works such as Ile de Feu II (1951) and Livre d'orgue (1951). The degree of systematic control that Messiaen successfully applied to each of the musical parameters influenced two of the most prominent post-war serial composers, Pierre Boulez and Karlheinz Stockhausen, to further develop systematic procedures in their own works. This paper demonstrates the degree to which both Boulez' Structures Ia (1951) and Stockhausen's Kreuzspiel (1951) used Mode de valeurs as a model for the systematic organization of musical parameters.

This document offers performers, scholars, and enthusiasts of Olivier Messiaen’s Vingt Regards sur l’enfant-Jésus a summary of recent research on both the composer and the composition, while probing new directions for future Messiaen and Vingt Regards research. After an opening chapter which contains a brief biography of the composer, Chapter two draws from Messiaen’s two theoretical treatises, the Technique de mon Langage Musicale and the Traité de Rythme, de Couleur, et d’Ornithologie to consider analytical issues surrounding the work. These two documents reveal a wealth of rhythmic and harmonic innovations, as well as a unique connection between sound and color. A particularly significant contribution here is the discussion of Traité in the context of the Vingt Regards. In addition to relevant context from before and after the Vingt Regards, Chapter three discusses religious considerations surrounding the work, including Biblical references, cyclical themes, other formal and symbolic considerations, and the influence of Dom Columba Marmion’s Christ dans ses mystères. The cogent summary of the Marmion is this chapter’s most notable contribution. Chapter four discusses literary considerations relating to the Vingt Regards, including the influences of Messiaen’s family, his personal readings and writings, and Maurice Toesca’s Les Douze Regards, cited in the preface to the music. The chapter also examines the important connection between the Vingt Regards and L’Âme en bourgeon (The Soul in Bud), a set of poems Messiaen’s mother wrote while pregnant with him. The links between the Vingt Regards and L’Âme en bourgeon, deeply analyzed for what is believed to be the first time, are not only thematic, with their similar subjects of birth and infancy, but also include ties to Messiaen’s musical forms, a somewhat overlooked and perhaps somewhat criticized element of his musical language. References to “le ‘Cas’ Messiaen” are part of the document’s efforts to show how the analytical, religious, and literary considerations are all deeply interwoven in both the life of the composer and in this monumental work written at such a challenging historical hour. / text

Whenever a new form or style of musical composition is introduced, of which our society has not been adequately conditioned, there arises an immediate desire to present some type of logical and artistic interpretation to this person's new form of expressing himself. Thereby, if a performer or teacher of music desires to understand composition and the interpretation given to a piece of music, he usually draws from his reservoir of information which has been built upon the style and tradition of the past. However, this cannot be achieved when studying the music of our contemporaries, or of such a man as Olivier Messiaen, for he goes much further than any other composer and brings to use an entirely new form or media of musical expression. Although the organ music of Messiaen is becoming more and more widely known in this day of organ and stereo enthusiasts, there exists only in very rare cases, a musical and a spiritual understanding of his music. From the performing point of view, the music in most cases is technically difficult, requiring a real virtuosity in the French tradition, such as explored by Marcel Dupre (playing and composing or Improvising simultaneously). Unfortunately nearly all of our concert organists today employ the big, showy pieces of Messiaen as spectacular technical showpieces, forgetting entirely their deeply spiritual nature, and in many cases, insecure-or inacurate rhythmic presentations of the works, produce a distortion of the composers intent.Therefore, it is now the problem of the student, the recitalist, and theorist to study Messiaen's philosophies, plus the many new techniques in his composition, so that a true, concise, and valuable interpretation might be rendered in performance. Because the need for study in this area was felt, the creative project was selected and to these ends was directed.

鄭中. / 論文(哲學博士)--香港中文大學, 2004. / 參考文獻 (p. 240-259). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Abstracts also in English. / Zheng Zhong. / Lun wen (Zhe xue bo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2004. / Can kao wen xian (p. 240-259).

This dissertation investigates a "universal" question--what the exact nature of the relationship between music and theology is--by examining two particulars: (1) the music and thought of the French Roman Catholic composer Olivier Messiaen, and (2) the theology of music of Protestant theologian/musicologist Oskar Sohngen. / It should be emphasized, however, that the main focus of the paper is upon the "particulars," since the primary objective of this study is to demonstrate the remarkable similarity of thought which exists between the theory of Sohngen and the musical practice of Messiaen. After an exposition of Sohngen's three categories of relationship between music and theology (music as science, as worship, and as creatura) there is an extensive examination of Messiaen's compositional techniques which reveals the latter's implicit use of these same three categories. / In the final chapter of this work, after a discussion of several problems which are inherent in each of the particular approaches to music and theology, there is a return to the universal question, in response to which a precise, working definition is finally established.

Thesis (M.M.)--Bowling Green State University, 2009. / Document formatted into pages; contains v, 70 p. : col. ill. Includes bibliographical references.

Orientador: Silvio Ferraz Mello Filho / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T07:25:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Taffarello_TadeuMoraes_D.pdf: 3915343 bytes, checksum: 488034b29ecea2a09bad23c63f2ac6b9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Uma intersecção é uma conexão irreproduzível de uma multiplicidade de linhas de força constituídas pelas mais variadas imanências do Mundo. Acreditando-se que ela se manifesta também no campo musical, o presente trabalho traz uma amostra concreta de uma intersecção em música ao centrar-se na relação entre Almeida Prado e Olivier Messiaen, tendo por objetivo principal revelar algumas das potências sonoras absorvidas na formação do compositor paulista no período em que ele foi aluno de Messiaen, entre 1969 e 1973, e postas a campo na escrita da sua peça para piano solo Cartas Celestes I, de 1974. Para tanto, foi feito um estudo analítico comparativo entre essa peça e as peças para piano solo VI Momentos, 2º caderno de 1969, também de Almeida Prado, e La Fauvette dês Jardins, 1971, de Olivier Messiaen. Dentre os resultados obtidos, percebeu-se que na escrita da peça de 1969, além de Almeida Prado apresentar uma exploração textural com a qual se pôde fazer um paralelo com o ciclo de peças para piano de Villa-Lobos Prole do Bebê nº 2, o compositor paulista demonstrava um conhecimento prévio de alguns conceitos da música do seu futuro professor francês, em especial com a técnica aplicada por Messiaen em Vingt Regards sur L'Énfant-Jésus, peça para piano solo de 1944. Em Cartas Celestes I, peça posterior ao período de estudos de Almeida Prado na França, encontraram-se diferenças com o 2º caderno de Momentos de 1969 e semelhanças com a peça de Messiaen analisada, La Fauvette des Jardins, comprovando a hipótese de que houve mudanças significativas na escrita musical do compositor paulista no período. Além disso, foi possível traçar intersecções na peça de Almeida Prado de 1974 com a produção de Ligeti, de Murail e de Gaussin. Como conclusão, percebeu-se que a intersecção Olivier Messiaen-Almeida Prado se apresenta de maneira rizomática, caracterizada pelas múltiplas conexões, pela decalcomania e pela irreprodutibilidade do rizoma presentes nas Cartas Celestes I que fazem com que esta peça se torne única, insubstituível e original em seu contexto histórico e dentro do processo de formação do compositor paulista / Abstract: An intersection is a nonreproducible connection of a multiplicity of lines consisting by the most varied immanences in the World. Giving credit that it also manifests in the musical field, the present study shows a concrete sample of the intersection in music by centering itself into the relationship between Almeida Prado and Olivier Messiaen, aiming to disclose some of the sonorous potencies absorbed by the Brazilian composer during the period in which he was Messiaen's pupil, from 1969 to 1973, and put into practice while composing his piano solo piece Cartas Celestes I, from 1974. Therefore, a comparative analytical study has been done between the above mentioned piece, the piano solo pieces VI Momentos, 2nd book - 1969, also by Almeida Prado and La Fauvette des Jardins, 1971, by Olivier Messiaen. Amongst the obtained results, it has been noticed that in the compositional writing of the 1969 piece, Almeida Prado presented a textural exploration with which a parallel with Villa-Lobos cycle of pieces for piano Prole do Bebê nº 2 can be done. Furthermore, the Brazilian composer demonstrated a previous knowledge of some concepts of his future French teacher's musical production, especially from the technique applied by Messiaen in Vingt Regards sur L'Enfant-Jesus, piano solo piece from 1944. In Cartas Celestes I, piece that is subsequent to Almeida Prado's studies in France, there were found differences from the 2nd book of Momentos from 1969 and resemblances with the analyzed Messiaen's piece, La Fauvette des Jardins, proving the hypothesis that there were significant changes in the musical writing of the Brazilian composer in the period. Moreover, it was possible to trace the intersections in the piece of Almeida Prado from 1974 with the production of Ligeti, of Gaussin and of Murail. Hence, it has been identified that the intersection Olivier Messiaen-Almeida Prado presents itself in a rhizomatic way, characterized by the multiple connections, by the decalcomania and by the rhizome's non reproductability, all presented in Cartas Celestes I making it unique, irreplaceable and original in its historical context and within the Brazilian composer's developing process / Doutorado / Fundamentos Teoricos / Doutor em Música

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