Master of Science / Department of Agricultural Economics / Vincent Amanor-Boadu / Metabolic syndrome (MetS) continues to be a public health concern in the United States. The current prevalence rate is about 34% among American adults. One of the recommended line of treatment for the components of MetS is dietary behavior change. Although, many dietary recommendations guidelines are published to aid in better dietary choices, little is known about how effectively they alter dietary choices. Thus, the overall objective of this study was to examine the extent to which knowledge about the presence of metabolic syndrome components influenced macronutrient intake. Data from 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were used for the study. The variables used were taken from modules of the NHANES dataset: demographic, dietary (day 1 and 2 recall), questionnaire (blood Pressure & Cholesterol, medical condition, diabetes and weight history), examination (blood pressure and body measures) and laboratory (cholesterol – high density lipoprotein, and triglycerides and plasma fasting glucose). Daily macronutrients (calories, protein, carbohydrate, fat and total sugar) intake were regressed on knowledge of MetS components presence and demographic characteristics using Ordinary Least Square model. The results show that having information that one has diabetes was associated with a reduced intake of daily calories (160 kcal), carbohydrate (22.73 g) and total sugar (15.26 g). There was no significant association between protein and fat intakes and the knowledge of the presence of a metabolic syndrome component in the econometric model. Ageing was associated with increase in calorie (16 kcal/day), protein (0.502 g/day) and fat (0.66 g/day) intake. Males consumed higher amounts of all macronutrients than females. Higher education was associated with higher fat intake (5.09 g/day for High School and 4.54 g/day for college compared with those with less than high school education) but reduced sugar intake (8.86 g/day) for those with college education. It was found that 27.59% of individual’s who had diabetes did not know they had it, and about 41% of those who did know they were overweight had central obesity. The study concludes that compared to knowledge about high triglyceride levels, low high-density lipoprotein, diabetes, high blood pressure and overweight, knowledge about having diabetes seems to motivate people to change their dietary intake. This may be due to the immediate effect of diet on diabetic patients compared to the other MetS components. The result of this is that it may be appropriate to pursue drug therapy for addressing the other MetS components while diet change may be effective contributor to managing diabetes.

Orientador: Roberto Carlos Burini / Banca: Luis Carlos Giarola / Banca: Wilson Luvizotto Medina / Resumo: Verificar quais os principais fatores associados com os maiores valores de uricemia, analisando a dieta, composição corporal e marcadores bioquímicos. Foram estudados 1075 indivíduos, de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 21 e 82 anos, participantes de projeto de mudança de estilo de vida. Ácido úrico, glicose, triglicerídios, colesterol total, uréia, creatinina, gama-GT, albumina e cálcio e HDL-c foram quantificados no soro pelo método de química seca. LDL-c foi calculado pela fórmula de Friedewald. Glóbulos brancos, linfócitos e leucócitos foram quantificados por automação. Proteína C-reativa ultra-sensível (PCR-US) pelo método de imunoquimioluminecência. A avaliação antropométrica foi composta pelas medidas de peso e estatura, com posterior cálculo do IMC. Também mediu-se a circunferência abdominal. Massa muscular e % de gordura pela bioimpedância. A ingestão dietética foi realizada através do recordatório de 24 horas, com posterior cálculo das porções da pirâmide e IAS adaptado. Os testes foram realizados utilizando o programa SAS versão 9.1 e o STATISTICA 6.0 e descritos em média + DP. Foi realizado o teste de ANOVA one-way. A nomalidade da amostra foi avaliada pelo teste de Shapiro-Wilk. Correlação de Pearson simples e parcial. Regressão linear (odds ratio), com intervalo de confiança (IC) de 95%, para observar a razão de chance de apresentar o AU acima do útimo quartil (♂AU > 6,5mg/dL e ♀ AU > 5mg/dL). Análise de regressão múltipla "backward stepwise" para determinação dos principais componentes responsáveis pelo aumento do AU.Os resultados foram discutidos com base no nível de significância de p<0,05. IMC e CA correlacionaram-se positivamente e IMM negativamente com as concentrações de AU ajustadas por sexo, idade e antropometria. Dos componentes dietéticos, apenas % de lipídio polinsaturado apresentou correlação... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: To evaluate the main dietetic, anthropometric and blood chemistry factors associated with the highest uricemia quartile. One thousand and seventy-five male and female individuals were studied. They were 21 to 82 years old and clinically selected to participated in the lifestyle-change program. Uric acid (UA), glucose, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol, urea, creatinine, gamma-Gt, albumin, calcium and HDL-c were quantified in serum by the dry chemistry method. LDL-c was calculated by the Friedewald's formula. White cells, lymphocytes and leukocytes were quantified by automation. Ultra-sensitive C-reactive protein (US-CRP) was measured by the immunochemiluminescence method. Anthropometric evaluation consisted of weight and height measurements, which was followed by estimation of the body mass index (BMI). Waist circumference (WC) was also measured. Muscle mass (MM) and fat percentages were estimated by bioimpedance. Dietary intake was evaluated by a 24-hour food recall, and the pyramid servings and the adapted health eating index (HEI) were then calculated. Tests were performed by using the SAS software, version 9.1, and STATISTICA and described by mean + SD. The one-way ANOVA test was also carried out. The sample's normality was evaluated by the Shapiro-Wilk's test, and simple and partial Pearson's correlation was also used. Linear regression (odds ratio) with a confidence interval (CI) of 95% was utilized to observe the odds ratio for presenting UA in the last quartile (♂UA > 6.5mg/dL and ♀UA > 5mg/dL). Backward stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to determine the main components responsible for UA increase. Results were discussed based on the level of significance of p<0.05. BMI and WC were positively correlated and the muscle mass index (MMI) was negatively correlated with UA concentrations adjusted for gender, age and anthropometry. Of the dietary components... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-02-24Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:36:34Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 oliveira_ep_me_botfm.pdf: 504017 bytes, checksum: 78d86f560fe5afc9decac7c4bac9d8ac (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Verificar quais os principais fatores associados com os maiores valores de uricemia, analisando a dieta, composição corporal e marcadores bioquímicos. Foram estudados 1075 indivíduos, de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 21 e 82 anos, participantes de projeto de mudança de estilo de vida. Ácido úrico, glicose, triglicerídios, colesterol total, uréia, creatinina, gama-GT, albumina e cálcio e HDL-c foram quantificados no soro pelo método de química seca. LDL-c foi calculado pela fórmula de Friedewald. Glóbulos brancos, linfócitos e leucócitos foram quantificados por automação. Proteína C-reativa ultra-sensível (PCR-US) pelo método de imunoquimioluminecência. A avaliação antropométrica foi composta pelas medidas de peso e estatura, com posterior cálculo do IMC. Também mediu-se a circunferência abdominal. Massa muscular e % de gordura pela bioimpedância. A ingestão dietética foi realizada através do recordatório de 24 horas, com posterior cálculo das porções da pirâmide e IAS adaptado. Os testes foram realizados utilizando o programa SAS versão 9.1 e o STATISTICA 6.0 e descritos em média + DP. Foi realizado o teste de ANOVA one-way. A nomalidade da amostra foi avaliada pelo teste de Shapiro-Wilk. Correlação de Pearson simples e parcial. Regressão linear (odds ratio), com intervalo de confiança (IC) de 95%, para observar a razão de chance de apresentar o AU acima do útimo quartil (♂AU > 6,5mg/dL e ♀ AU > 5mg/dL). Análise de regressão múltipla “backward stepwise” para determinação dos principais componentes responsáveis pelo aumento do AU.Os resultados foram discutidos com base no nível de significância de p<0,05. IMC e CA correlacionaram-se positivamente e IMM negativamente com as concentrações de AU ajustadas por sexo, idade e antropometria. Dos componentes dietéticos, apenas % de lipídio polinsaturado apresentou correlação... / To evaluate the main dietetic, anthropometric and blood chemistry factors associated with the highest uricemia quartile. One thousand and seventy-five male and female individuals were studied. They were 21 to 82 years old and clinically selected to participated in the lifestyle-change program. Uric acid (UA), glucose, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol, urea, creatinine, gamma-Gt, albumin, calcium and HDL-c were quantified in serum by the dry chemistry method. LDL-c was calculated by the Friedewald’s formula. White cells, lymphocytes and leukocytes were quantified by automation. Ultra-sensitive C-reactive protein (US-CRP) was measured by the immunochemiluminescence method. Anthropometric evaluation consisted of weight and height measurements, which was followed by estimation of the body mass index (BMI). Waist circumference (WC) was also measured. Muscle mass (MM) and fat percentages were estimated by bioimpedance. Dietary intake was evaluated by a 24-hour food recall, and the pyramid servings and the adapted health eating index (HEI) were then calculated. Tests were performed by using the SAS software, version 9.1, and STATISTICA and described by mean + SD. The one-way ANOVA test was also carried out. The sample’s normality was evaluated by the Shapiro-Wilk’s test, and simple and partial Pearson’s correlation was also used. Linear regression (odds ratio) with a confidence interval (CI) of 95% was utilized to observe the odds ratio for presenting UA in the last quartile (♂UA > 6.5mg/dL and ♀UA > 5mg/dL). Backward stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to determine the main components responsible for UA increase. Results were discussed based on the level of significance of p<0.05. BMI and WC were positively correlated and the muscle mass index (MMI) was negatively correlated with UA concentrations adjusted for gender, age and anthropometry. Of the dietary components... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)