Les micro-jets de plasma, se propageant dans un flux d'hélium entouré d'air libre, à pression atmosphérique et à température ambiante, ont attiré l'attention des chercheurs depuis une dizaine d'années. Ces micro-jets sont créés dans une décharge à barrière diélectrique alimentée par des impulsions de tension. Ils se propagent dans le flux d'hélium à l'extérieur de la DBD sous la forme d'une onde d'ionisation. Le plasma est confiné spatialement là où l'hélium est dominant, car l'ionisation de l'air nécessite un champ électrique plus important que celui présent dans le front d'ionisation. Leurs applications biomédicales sont prometteuses car ils permettent de produire des espèces réactives à quelques centimètres de distance de la DBD sans augmenter la température du gaz. Dans cette thèse, l'objectif a été de développer une meilleure compréhension de l'influence des conditions expérimentales et de la géométrie de la DBD sur les propriétés des jets de plasma. À ces fins, l'écoulement d'hélium a été étudié expérimentalement et numériquement, et des simulations sur la génération et la propagation du micro-jet de plasma ont été réalisées. / Microplasma jets propagating in a helium flow surrounded by air at ambient pressure and temperature have attracted the attention of many researchers over the past decade. These microplasma jets are ignited in a cylindrical dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) powered by impulse or sinusoidal voltage pulses with an amplitude of several kilovolts and then propagate as an ionization wave in the helium flow outside the DBD. The plasma so-generated is confined to the region where helium is the dominant species because ionization of the surrounding air requires a significantly higher electric field strength than is present at the ionization front in the plasma jet. The putative biomedical applications of microplasma jets are particularly promising because they provide a way of producing reactive oxygen and nitrogen species some centimeters downstream from the DBD without significant gas heating. The objective of the work reported in this thesis has been to develop a better understanding of the influence of the operating conditions and geometry on the properties of the plasma jets. To this end, experimental and numerical studies of the hydrodynamics of the helium flow and simulations of the generation and propagation of the microplasma jet have been carried out.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-29T15:35:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_8264_Taiane Rodrigues Penha.pdf: 1370797 bytes, checksum: 2e0c327beccdd0ae243501d47f097d9f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-10-30 / O descarte ou reutilização da água produzida da indústria do petróleo é difícil por causa dos impactos ambientais causados devido à presença de alta salinidade e componentes tóxicos, ou pelo risco de obstrução nas colunas de produção devido à formação de incrustações que causam redução na produção de petróleo e enormes perdas no processo de extração. Assim, o conhecimento da composição química da água produzida é muito importante. O método proposto por este trabalho visa a determinação de elementos traço (Co, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Se e V) em amostras de água produzida de petróleo por espectrometria de emissão óptica com plasma indutivamente acoplado (ICP OES) utilizando a digestão ácida assistida por micro-ondas para o preparo das amostras (15 g de amostra e 2 mL de HNO3 concentrado). A curva analítica construída em HNO3 2% v v-1 foi adotada para o método após verificar que não é necessário o uso de salinidade para equiparação de matriz. Para o elemento Ni, não há necessidade do uso de padrão interno, para os elementos Co, Cr, Fe, Mn e V os melhores resultados foram obtidos usando Sc como padrão interno. Para o elemento Se é recomendado o uso de Y como padrão interno. Os limites de detecção obtidos foram Co 0,67, Cr 1,2, Fe 2,3, Mn 0,49, Ni 1,9, Se 3,7 e V 5,5 µg L-1; e os limites de quantificação foram Co 2,2, Cr 4,0, Fe 7,7, Mn 1,6, Ni 6,5, Se 12,4 e V 18,3 µg L-1. A exatidão do procedimento foi verificada através de testes de recuperação em dois níveis de concentração (40 e 80 µg L-1) e análise dos materiais certificados de referência de água estuarina SLEW-2 e de água do mar NASS-5. Bons valores de recuperação foram obtidos e não houve diferença significativa (95% de confiança) entre os resultados obtidos e os valores certificados dos materiais de referência.

Submitted by Maurílio Figueiredo (maurilioafigueiredo@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-08-29T20:29:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE_EstudoQuímicoMineralógico.pdf: 8706720 bytes, checksum: 9b3be0c139aa3ef49aa8c71f41e11931 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Gracilene Carvalho (gracilene@sisbin.ufop.br) on 2013-10-10T15:43:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE_EstudoQuímicoMineralógico.pdf: 8706720 bytes, checksum: 9b3be0c139aa3ef49aa8c71f41e11931 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-10-10T15:43:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE_EstudoQuímicoMineralógico.pdf: 8706720 bytes, checksum: 9b3be0c139aa3ef49aa8c71f41e11931 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / As áreas alvo do presente estudo encontram-se localizadas em Santa Elena de Uairén, Município Gran Sabana, região sudeste do Estado Bolívar, nas proximidades da fronteira entre a Venezuela e o Brasil, especificamente na Bacia do Rio Caroní, sub-bacia do Rio Icabarú. A região pertence à porção venezuelana do Escudo das Guianas, onde estão presentes as províncias geológicas de Roraima e Cuchivero. A metodologia empregada começa pela seleção e coleta das amostras, destacando-se que com a finalidade de garantir a sua procedência as amostras de diamante foram adquiridas diretamente nas áreas de explotação, coletados nas margens dos rios Icabarú, Uaiparú, Surucún e Mosquito. A caracterização mineralógica consistiu no estudo das propriedades físicas e químicas de 2.000 amostras de diamante entre as variedades gemológica e industrial, o peso médiodos cristais variou de 0,2 a 1,50 ct, não sendo um número expressivo a ser considerado, uma vez que para os depósitos da região reportam-se uma produção de diamante de quilatagem mais elevada. Seu peso específico é representado no intervalo de 3,50 a 3,52, sendo essa variação fruto da presença de algumas inclusões minerais e de defeitos cristalinos. Por meio de microscopia óptica foram estudadas as seções superficiais do diamante permitindo sua caracterização macroscópica. Predominam os octaédricos, seguido dos dodecaédricos, cristais geminados policristalinos, além de exemplares irregulares, subarredondados e fraturados. No que tange à cor, 37% são incolores, 20,5% amarelos, 14% castanhos, 5%verdes, 3% pretos, da amostras estudadas 7,5% apresentam capas verdes e 3,5% apresentam capas marrom. No estudo morfológico dos exemplares molicristalinos analisados se determinou que 57,3% de cristais são irregulares; 11,5% de rombododecaedros; 10,0% de octaedros; 7,8% de octa-rombododecaedros (formas intermediárias entre o octaedro de faces planas e o rombododecaedro de faces curvas); 5,0% de fragmentos de clivagem; 4,2% de agregados cristalinos; 1,5% de geminados e 1,5% de cubos. As demais categorias morfológicas presentes incluindo o cubo piramidado, combinações variadas entre cubo, octaedro e rombododecaedro, formas pseudotetraédricas e diamante policristalino (carbonados, ballas), ocorrem em frequências abaixo de 1,0%. A grade maioria apresentarem figuras de dissolução nas superfícies,o que indica que foram submetidos aos processos de dissolução a altas temperaturas. Com a aplicação do método de Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV) mediante a aplicação da técnica de Espectroscopia de Energia Dispersiva (EDS), foram estudadas as superfícies dos cristais de diamante, o que permitiu a interpretação dos fenômenos, processos e/ou eventos quer seja de crescimento, corrosão ou dissolução. Foi possível efetuar o reconhecimento de figuras superficiais dos tipos trigons, quadrons, crescimento em bloco, crescimento laminar, estrias, sulcos e colinas (protuberâncias ou saliências arredondadas), o que permitiu estabelecer a evolução morfológica partindo do octaedro primitivo e passando por fenômenos de dissolução para formas transicionais (111)+(110), (111)+(hkl), proporcionando hábitos rombododecaédricos (110) e hexaoctaédricos (110). A partir de análises de Espectroscopia de Absorção no Infravermelho por Transformada de Fourier (FTIR) foram obtidos dados que permitiram a classificação espectral do diamante a partir da determinação do conteúdo de nitrogênio. Os resultados obtidos indicam as seguintes porcentagem 6% corresponde ao tipo IIa, 2% ao tipo Ib, 18% ao IaA, 26% ao tipo IaB e 48% ao tipo IaAB. A metodologia utilizada para analisar às características estruturais dos cristais de diamante da região consistiu na integração dos métodos analíticos de catodoluminescência (CL), fotoluminescência (PL) e espectroscopia de ressonância paramagnética electrónica (EPR). Foram determinados defeitos estruturais atribuídos à presença de nitrogênio e vacâncias como, por exemplo, o defeito (N-V) o qual foi determinado em vários cristais. Analisando os diamantes de cor marrom observou-se que esses contêm pouca ou nenhuma impureza, porém sendo diamantes puros sua cor pode ser ocasionada por deslocamentos estruturais, conhecidos como deformações plásticas, que são rupturas na simetria de translação da rede cristalina. Os cristais de coloração amarela apresentaram um conjunto de espectros diferenciados, que provam que os defeitos presentes devem-se à presença de impurezas de nitrogênio formando diferentes centros de cor. O primeiro grupo é formado por cristais onde ocorrem principalmente os centros do tipo P1, um segundo grupo onde ocorrem principalmente os centros N1 e N4, um terceiro é representado por cristais cujos principais centros são o P2. E um quarto grupo onde os cristais apresentam espetros que permitem reconhecer um centro N2. Também foram identificados centros S=1. As inclusões minerais presentes nos cristais de diamante, foram analisadas mediante espectroscopia micro-Raman sendo que foi possível identificar inclusões de olivina, granadas e grafita. Mediante analises de microRaman foi determinada uma microinclusão de chaoíta (C – sistema hexagonal) que permite deduzir que a mesma possivelmente pertence a relicto da presença de inclusões gasosas de CO trapeada no interior de microcristais de diamante, sendo que a atividade decorrente da temperatura e pressão de confinamento, localmente produziriam a modificação da estrutura cristalográfica do diamante (cúbica), para hexagonal, segundo hibridizações do tipo SP 3 (chaoíta). A partir das análises de fotoluminescência (PL), catodoluminesência (CL) e ressonância paramagnética eletrônica (EPR) determinaram-se defeitos na estrutura cristalina dos carbonados atribuídos a formação de plaquetas de nitrogênio associada a deslocamentos internos, fato que sugere atuação simultânea de cisalhamento (esforço dirigido) associado ao aumento da temperatura, resultando em condições favoráveis para deformação plástica de diamantes e para a conversão dos centros A para centros B no manto superior. O estudo das amostras de minerais pesados permitiu estabelecer três associações mineralógicas maioritárias: zircão-hematita, ilmenita-zircão e hematita-ilmenita. Nessas amostras, foram identificadas altas concentrações de ouro, esse distribuído ao longo de toda a região de Santa Elena de Uairén. Também foram identificados minerais fosfáticos, tipo Terras Raras, tais como a florencita ________________________________________________________________________________ / ABSTRACT: The target areas in this study are located in SantaElena de Uairén, Municipality of Gran Sabana, southeastern region of the Bolivarian State, near the border between Venezuela and Brazil, specifically in the Caroní River Basin, Icabarú River Sub-basin. The area belongs to the Venezuelan portion of the Guyana Shield, where the geological provinces of Roraima and Cuchivero are. The methodology employed starts by collecting and selecting the samples. It is important to highlight that in order toensure their origin, the diamonds were obtained straight from the exploration areas, i.e. at the Icabarú, Uaiparú, Surucún, and Mosquito River banks. Mineralogical characterization consisted in studying the physical and chemical properties of 2.000 diamond samples among the gemological and industrial varieties. Their average weight ranged from 0.2 to 1.50 ct, which isnot a significant number because the deposits in this area have reportedly produced diamonds of higher carat weights. Their specific weight is represented in the 3.500 to 3.520 interval. This variation derives from the presence of a few mineral inclusions and crystal defects. The superficial sections of the diamonds were studied using optical microscopy, which allowed the morphological characterization. Microscopy revealed the predominance of octahedral, followed by dodecahedral, polycrystalline geminated crystals, as well as irregular, subrounded and fractured samples. As far as color is concerned, 37% are colorless, 20.5% yellow, 14% green, 5% brown, 3% black, 7.5% are green-coated and 3.5% brown-coated. In the morphologic study of diamonds molicristalinos determined that 57.3% of crystals are asymmetrical, 11.5% of rhombic dodecahedron), 10.0% of octaedro, 7.8% of combinations intermediate between octahedrons, of plain faces and rhombic dodecahedron of rounded faces, 5.0% of cleavage fragments, 4.2% of aggregates crystalline; 1.5% of geminados and 1.5% of cubes, The others categories morphologic including tetrahexahedroids combinations varied between cube, octaedro and rhombic dodecahedron, pseudo-dodecahedron forms and diamonds pollycrystaline (carbonado and ballas), presenting in frequency low 1.0%, The majority presented figures of dissolution on the surface features, this indicates that they underwent dissolution processes at high temperatures. Using the ScanningElectron Microscopy (SEM) method and the Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) technique, the diamond crystal surfaces were studied. This allowed us to interpret the phenomena and the growth, corrosion or dissolution processes/events. It was possible to recognize superficial figures such as trigons, quadrons,cluster growth, layer growth, grooves, and lumps, which allowed determining their morphological evolution from the primitive octahedron, passing through dissolution phenomena to transitional forms (111)+(110), (111)+(hkl), providing rombododecahedral (110) and hexa-octahedral (110) habits. The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis obtained chemical composition data that allowed thespectral classification of diamonds based on nitrogen content determination. The results obtained showed the following percentage: 6% corresponds to type IIa, 2% to type Ib, 18% to IaA, 26% to type IaB, and 48%to type IaAB. The methodology used to analyze the structural characteristics of diamond crystals from this area consisted in integrating the Cathodoluminescence (CL), Photoluminescence (PL), and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (EPR) analytical methods. Structural defects attributed to the presence of nitrogen and vacancies such as (N-V) defect were determined in several crystals. The analysis of brown diamonds revealed that they have little or no impurities. However, since they are pure Diamonds, their color can be a result of structural displacements, known as plastic deformations, which are disruption in the crystal network translational symmetry. The yellow crystals showed a set of different spectra, which proves that the existing defects are due to nitrogen impuritiesin different forms of centers. The first group ismade of crystals in which mainly type-P1 centers occur, thesecond group with types N1 and N4 centers, and the third group is represented by crystals whose main center are type P2. There is also a fourth group, in which the crystals show spectra that allow indentifying an N2 center. Centers S=1 were also indentified. The mineral inclusions present in the diamond crystals were analyzed using Micro-Raman spectroscopy, which allowed the identification of olivine, grenade, and graphite inclusions. Micro Raman analyses determined a micro-inclusion of chaoite, which allows us to conclude that it belongs to remains of CO gas inclusions trapped within diamond micro-crystals. The activity resulting from the confinement temperature and pressure modified the crystallographic structure of the diamond, from cubic to hexagonal, according to hybridizations such as sp3 (chaoite). Based on Photoluminescence (PL), cathodoluminescence (CL), and Electron ParamagneticResonance (EPR) analyses, we could determine that the defects in the crystal structures of the carbonated attributed to nitrogen platelet formation associated to internal displacements postulates a simultaneous shear forces (directed strength) associated to increased temperature. This resulted in favorable conditions to diamond plastic deformation and conversion of centers A to centers B in the upper mantle. The study of heavy mineral allowed stipulating three major mineralogical associations: zircon-hematite, ilmenite-zircon, and hematite-ilmenite. In these samples, high concentrations of gold were identified, which is spread along almost all the Santa Elenade Uairén area. Phosphate minerals, rare earth type, such as florencite were also identified. The Multivariate Statistical Analysis methodology using discriminant functions is appliedin order to separate individuals (samples) into groups with similar characteristics,according to the different measurements carried out. In other words, it is a multivariate statistical analysis to verify how the elements are grouped and better describe their behavior in similar groups or groupswith affinities.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-05T18:29:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-03-19. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-02-05T18:33:55Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000856531_20180401.pdf: 178192 bytes, checksum: 5fe4091ff282788eb99786be5db51eb4 (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2018-04-02T12:47:07Z: 000856531_20180401.pdf,. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2018-04-02T12:47:58Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000856531.pdf: 1016357 bytes, checksum: 391d3a986bfc56d254337889ab8e974e (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / É sabido que grande parte da produção primária global ocorre nos oceanos, e que um problema fundamental é entender como os organismos usam este carbono e quais são os padrões das variações espaço-temporais do carbono e do fluxo de energia. Deste modo, o interesse no ciclo do carbono vem aumentando nos últimos anos devido ao aumento recente de problemas mundiais, tais como mudanças climáticas e antropização de zonas costeiras. A alça microbiana conduz energia e carbono por meio das bactérias, para os níveis tróficos superiores, além de promover a assimilação de elementos inorgânicos biologicamente importantes, como nitrogênio e fósforo, em matéria orgânica na coluna d'água, elementos estes que são de extrema importância biológica. O presente estudo teve por objetivo estudar a estrutura e o funcionamento da alça microbiana nos sedimentos da Baía do Araça, quantificar seus elementos, verificar as flutuações nas densidades e correlacionar com outros fatores analisados, tais como contaminantes metálicos, matéria orgânica e hidrocarbonetos. Foram coletadas amostras de sedimento em 37 pontos, divididos em duas regiões (entremarés e sublitoral), durante o período de um ano. As amostras foram analisadas quanto a granulometria, conteúdo de matéria orgânica, carbonos orgânicos totais, hidrocarbonetos, além da análise dos componentes microbiológicos. Foi observado que as maiores densidades de microrganismos foram observadas na região do sublitoral. Houve uma correlação negativa entre as densidades de bactérias heterotróficas e nano flagelados, podendo indicar bacterivoria. As variações de matéria orgânica ao longo do estudo afetaram diretamente as populações de bactérias heterotróficas / It is known that great part of the global primary occurs in the oceans, and a problem is to understand how the organisms use this carbon, what are the patterns of the spatial-temporal variations of carbon and of the energy flow. Thus, the interest in the carbon cycle is increasig in recent years due to the increase of global problems, such as climate change and the increase of population in coastal areas. The microbial loop leads energy and carbon, by bacteria, to the other trophic levels, and it also promotes the assimilation of inorganic elements biologically relevants, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, in organic matter in the water column, which are extremely biologically importants. This study aims to analyze the structure and the functioning of the microbial loop, quantifying its elements, check the densities variations and correlate with other analyzed factors, such as metal contaminants, organic matter and hydrocarbons. Sediment samples were collected at 37 points, divided into two regions (intertidal and subcoastal), during the period of one year. The samples were processed for granulometric analyzis, organic matter, total organic carbons, hydrocarbons, and microbiological components. It was observed that the highest densities of microrganisms were at the subcoastal region. There was a negative correlation between the densities of heterotrophic bacteria and nanoflagellates, which may indicate bacterivory. Variations of organic matter throughout the study directly affected the heterotrophic bacteria populations

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-11-10Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:23:55Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 mazzer_hr_dr_botfca.pdf: 796462 bytes, checksum: 3bfbae5f650a329804ad078348de7493 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / O presente trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver uma bancada de ensaios para avaliar os microaspersores perante o coeficiente de variação de fabricação dos emissores e ensaiá-los em conformidade com a ABNT segundo o projeto 04:015.08-015 para microaspersores, e fornecer um parâmetro para cálculos de vazões em três sistemas (Tipo Serpentina, Tipo Linha Lateral e Tipo Malha) de irrigação, verificando inclusive a pressão dos emissores. A bancada foi desenvolvida no Laboratório de Irrigação e Drenagem da UNESPFCA, em Botucatu-SP e foram utilizados quatro tipos de microaspersores (Amanco não compensante, bocal verde com vazão de 50 L h-1; Azud não compensante, bocal branco de 40 L h-1, Naandan não compensante, bocal cinza de 41 L h-1 e Naandan auto compensante, bocal marrom de 35 L h-1) para a determinação de perdas de carga em cada sistema e cálculo do coeficiente de variação de fabricação de cada um deles. Os resultados apontaram que todos eles estão classificados como bons 4,14%; 2,29%; 2,86%; e 2,84% respectivamente, segundo ABNT. Nessas condições experimentais o sistema que teve a melhor uniformidade de distribuição foi o sistema Tipo Malha, com semelhanças em relação ao sistema Tipo Linha Lateral. / This study was carried to evaluate some micro sprinklers in a testing bench to evaluate the CVf (Coeficiente de variação de fabricação), in acordding to project 04:015.08-015 of ABNT, for micro sprinkler, and simulate three diferent system operate of design micro-irrigation (Tipo Serpentina, Tipo Linha Lateral, and Tipo Malha), to verify the pressure and outflow of micro-sprinkler in each test. This testing bench was developed in Irrigation & Drainage Laboratory of UNESP-FCA, in Botucatu-SP. Four micro sprinkler were used to determine the head loss in each system, and to calculate the variation of each one. The results demonstrated that they were classificate like good as ABNT rules with CVf = 4,14%; 2,29%; 2,86%; and 2,84% respectively, and the best system of uniformity was Tipo Malha that was very similar to Tipo Linha Lateral system.

Les microalgues sont bien connues pour produire de nombreuses molécules bioactives qui sont de plus en plus utilisées dans les industries pharmaceutiques et agroalimentaires. Mon projet de thèse avait pour but de mettre en évidence des activités antimicrobiennes d’origine naturelle valorisables en cosmétique notamment en tant que conservateurs et antiacnéens. Des milieux de culture en phase stationnaire de croissance d’une collection de 113 microalgues cultivées au sein du laboratoire ont été prélevés. La présence d’activités antibactérienne et / ou antifongique a été évaluée sur différents microorganismes modèles. Ce criblage m’a permis d’isoler 5 microalgues sécrétant des molécules inhibant la croissance de bactéries appartenant aux genres Salmonella, Staphylococcus et Propionibacterium. La suite de mon travail a porté sur la microalgue référencée S555 qui montre une activité d’inhibiton totale de la croissance de 3 bactéries Gram + : S. aureus, S. epidermis et P. acnes, ces 2 dernières espèces étant impliquées dans l’acné. Cette microalgue a alors été mise en culture en pilote pré-industriel afin de confirmer ces inhibitions. Un élargissement du spectre d’action suggère que ces activités sont spécifiques des bactéries Gram positives. De plus, le(s) composé(s) actif(s) de S555 ne présente(nt) aucune cytotoxicité ou potentiel irritant sur des fibroblastes en culture, les rendant potentiellement utilisables en dermocosmétique. Enfin, un fractionnement du milieu de culture et de la biomasse de cette microalgue a été mis en oeuvre pour séparer le(s) composé(s) actif(s). Leur caractérisation est actuellement en cours. / Microalgae are well-known to produce many bioactive molecules which are used more and more in both pharmaceutical and agroalimentary companies. The aim of my PhD project was to discover antimicrobial activitiesof natural origin which may be used in cosmetic in particular as preservatives and antiacne. Culture media in stationary phase of growth of a 113 microalgae collection, cultivated in the laboratory, were harvested. The presence of antibacterial and / or antifungal activities was evaluated on different microorganisms. This screening allowed to isolate 5 microalgae secreting molecules inhibiting the growth of bacteria belonging to Salmonella, Staphylococcus and Propionibacterium genera. Then my work concerned the S555 microalgae which show a total inhibiton activity of the growth on 3 Gram + bacteria : S. aureus, S. epidermis and P. acnes, these 2 last species being involved in the acne disease. This microalgae was then cultivated in industrial condition in order to confirm these inhibitions. A widening of the action spectrum suggests that these activities are specific to Gram + bacteria. Moreover, the S555 active compound(s) present no cytotoxicity or irritability potential on fibroblasts in vitro,making them potentially usable in dermocosmetic. Lastly, a fractionation of the culture medium and biomass of S555 microalgae were performed to separate the active compound(s). Their characterization is currently in progress.

Dissertação (mestrado)—UnB/UFPB/UFRN, Programa MultiInstitucional e Inter-Regional de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Contábeis, 2016. / Submitted by Albânia Cézar de Melo (albania@bce.unb.br) on 2016-04-04T15:27:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_AnaKarlaLucenaGomes.pdf: 4154524 bytes, checksum: a12ba21eec7b8470d3f351671c3c0fbb (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Raquel Viana(raquelviana@bce.unb.br) on 2016-04-04T21:43:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_AnaKarlaLucenaGomes.pdf: 4154524 bytes, checksum: a12ba21eec7b8470d3f351671c3c0fbb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T21:43:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_AnaKarlaLucenaGomes.pdf: 4154524 bytes, checksum: a12ba21eec7b8470d3f351671c3c0fbb (MD5) / Tendo em vista a série de acontecimentos que advém da virada do século e que representam desafios para o mercado tornando sua dinâmica mais rápida, há a necessidade por parte das organizações de implementar práticas que possam assegurar a sua sobrevivência e competitividade. Especialmente nas micro e pequenas empresas (MPEs) em que a competição globalizada apresenta-se desvantajosa quando comparadas às médias e grandes empresas, é possível utilizar mecanismos que possibilitem a busca por diferenciais competitivos, a exemplo da inserção da empresa em uma rede de cooperação. Muitos são os estudos que reconhecem os motivos e benefícios das estratégias cooperativas, no entanto, poucos são os que se propõe a comparar o desempenho organizacional das empresas cooperadas versus as empresas que não participam de nenhuma relação interorganizaconal. Dessa forma, o presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar se as MPEs inseridas em redes horizontais de cooperação apresentam desempenho organizacional superior àquelas que atuam independente de qualquer relação interorganizacional, através da percepção do gestor. Por meio de uma survey com 67 MPEs inseridas em redes de cooperação e 154 MPEs não cooperadas analisou-se o desempenho organizacional com base na percepção do respondente a respeito de aspectos associados às medidas de desempenho: satisfação dos clientes; satisfação dos funcionários; crescimento da empresa; lucratividade da empresa e desempenho geral. Os resultados analisados por meio do teste de Mann-Whitney indicam que, de acordo com a percepção do gestor, as empresas inseridas em redes de cooperação apresentam desempenho organizacional maior quando confrontadas com as empresas não cooperadas. Adicionalmente, verificou-se que o fato de uma empresa ser de determinado segmento ou possuir certa quantidade de funcionários, influencia na ocorrência desta ser ou não uma MPE cooperada. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT / In view of the series of events that came from the turn of the century and represent challenges for the market since it makes their dynamic faster, there is a need for organizations to implement practices to ensure their survival and competitiveness. Especially for micro and small enterprises (MSEs) in which the global competition presents disadvantageous when compared to the medium and large enterprises, it is possible to use mechanisms that enable the search for competitive advantages, such as the company's inclusion in a network of cooperation. There are many studies that recognize the reasons and the benefits of cooperative strategies, however, there are few that aims to compare organizational performance of cooperative companies versus companies that do not participate in any interorganizational relationship. Thus, this study aimed to verify if the MSEs inserted in horizontal cooperation networks have superior organizational performance to those that operate without any interorganizational relationship, through manager's perception. Through a survey with 67 MSEs inserted in cooperation networks and 154 MSEs not cooperated, it was analyzed the organizational performance based on the perception of the respondent regarding aspects associated with performance measures: customers satisfaction; employees satisfaction; growth of the company; company profitability and overall performance. The results analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test indicate, through manager's perception, that the companies entered into cooperation networks have higher organizational performance when compared to non-cooperative companies. Additionally, it was found that the fact of a company being part of a certain segment or having a certain number of employees, influences the occurrence of it to be or not a cooperative MSE.

abstract: In this thesis, the author described a new genetic algorithm based on the idea: the better design could be found at the neighbor of the current best design. The details of the new genetic algorithm are described, including the rebuilding process from Micro-genetic algorithm and the different crossover and mutation formation. Some popular examples, including two variable function optimization and simple truss models are used to test this algorithm. In these study, the new genetic algorithm is proved able to find the optimized results like other algorithms. Besides, the author also tried to build one more complex truss model. After tests, the new genetic algorithm can produce a good and reasonable optimized result. Form the results, the rebuilding, crossover and mutation can the jobs as designed. At last, the author also discussed two possible points to improve this new genetic algorithm: the population size and the algorithm flexibility. The simple result of 2D finite element optimization showed that the effectiveness could be better, with the improvement of these two points. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Civil and Environmental Engineering 2015

abstract: The key chanllenge for Small and Micro Enterprises (SMEs) to get credit or loans is the fact that traditional financing business model in commercial banks cannot meet SMEs’ financial needs. Through extensive theoretical research, market analysis especially on SMEs’ behavioral characteristics and demands, serveral case studies on market-leading banks such as Wells Fargo and KASIKORN BANK, and the actual implementation experiences in China Minsheng Bank and Pingan Bank, this article proposes a new business model for servicing SMEs for commercial banks in China, which includes the principle and rationale of the business model, the technical foundation, business process and organizational structure, as well as the future transition of the model. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Business Administration 2015

The rapid advancement of drug delivery systems (DDS) has raised the possibility of using functional engineered nano/micro-particles as drug carriers for the administration of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) to the affected area. The major goals in designing these functional particles are to control the particle size, the surface properties and the pharmacologically active agents release in order to achieve the site-specification of the drug at the therapeutically optimal rate and dose regimen. Two different equipment (i.e. glass capillary microfluidic device and micro-engineered membrane dispersion cell) were utilised in this study for the formation of functional nano/micro-particles by antisolvent precipitation method. This method is based on micromixing/direct precipitation of two miscible liquids, which appear as a straightforward method, rapid and easy to perform, does not require high stirring rates, sonication, elevated temperatures, surfactants and Class 1 solvents can be avoided. Theoretical selection of a good solvent and physicochemical interaction between solvent-water-polymer with the aid of Bagley s two-dimensional graph were successfully elucidated the nature of anti-solvent precipitation method for the formation of desired properties of functional pharmaceutical nano/micro-engineered particles. For the glass capillary microfluidic experiment, the organic phase (a mixture of polymer and tetrahydrofuran/acetone) was injected through the inner glass capillary with a tapered cross section culminated in a narrow orifice. The size of nanoparticles was precisely controlled by controlling phase flow rates, orifice size and flow configuration (two- phase co-flow or counter-current flow focusing). The locations at which the nanoparticles would form were determined by using the solubility criteria of the polymer and the concentration profiles found by numerical modelling. This valuable results appeared as the first computational and experimental study dealing with the formation of polylactide (PLA) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) nanoparticles by nanoprecipitation in a co-flow glass capillary device. The optimum formulations and parameters interactions involved in the preparation of paracetamol encapsulated nanoparticles (PCM-PCL NPs) using a co-flow microfluidic device was successfully simulated using a 25-full factorial design for five different parameters (i.e. PCL concentration, orifice size, flow rate ratios, surfactant concentration and paracetamol amount) with encapsulation efficiency and drug loading percentage as the responses. PCM-loaded composite NPs composed of a biodegradable poly(D,L-lactide) (PLA) polymer matrix filled with organically modified montmorillonite (MMT) nanoparticles were also successfully formulated by antisolvent nanoprecipitation in a microfluidic co-flow glass capillary device. The incorporation of MMT in the polymer matrix improved the drug encapsulation efficiency and drug loading, and extended the rate of drug release in simulated intestinal fluid (pH 7.4). The encapsulation of MMT and PCM in the NPs were well verified using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), x-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). PCL drug-carrier nanoparticles were also produced by rapid membrane micromixing combined with nanoprecipitation in a stirred cell employing novel membrane dispersion. The size of the NPs was precisely controlled by changing the aqueous-to-organic volumetric ratio, stirring rate, transmembrane flux, the polymer content in the organic phase, membrane type and pore morphologies. The particle size decreased by increasing the stirring rate and the aqueous-to-organic volumetric ratio, and by decreasing the polymer concentration in the aqueous phase and the transmembrane flux. The existence of the shear stress peak within a transitional radius and a rapid decline of the shear stress away from the membrane surface were revealed by numerical modelling. Further investigation on the PCL nanoparticles loaded immunosuppressive rapamycin (RAPA) drug were successfully synthesised by anti-solvent nanoprecipitation method using stainless steel (SS) ringed micro-engineered membrane. Less than 10 μm size of monohydrate piroxicam (PRX) micro-crystals also was successfully formed with the application of anti-solvent precipitation method combined with membrane dispersion cell that has been utilised in the formation of functional engineered nanoparticles. This study is believed to be a new insight into the development of integrated membrane crystallisation system.