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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Assessing the toxic impact of chemicals using bacteria /

Gabrielson, Jenny, January 2004 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2004. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.
2

An aerobiological model of aerosol survival of different strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from people with cystic fibrosis

Clifton, I. J., Fletcher, L. A., Beggs, C. B., Denton, M., Conway, S. P., Peckham, D. G. January 2010 (has links)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common and important pathogen in people with cystic fibrosis (CF). Recently epidemic strains of P. aeruginosa associated with increased morbidity, have been identified. The method of transmission is not clear, but there is evidence of a potential airborne route. The aim of this study was to determine whether different strains of P. aeruginosa isolated from people with CF were able to survive within artificially generated aerosols in an aerobiological chamber. Viable P. aeruginosa could still be detected up to 45min after halting generation of the aerosols. All of the strains of P. aeruginosa expressing a non-mucoid phenotype isolated from people with CF had a reduced ability to survive within aerosols compared to an environmental strain. Expression of a mucoid phenotype by the strains of P. aeruginosa isolated from people with CF promoted survival in the aerosol model compared to strains expressing a non-mucoid phenotype.
3

Preparation and in vivo efficient anti-infection property of GTR/GBR implant made by metronidazole loaded electrospun polycaprolactone nanofiber membrane

Xue, J., He, M., Niu, Y., Liu, H., Crawford, A., Coates, Philip D., Chen, D., Shi, R., Zhang, L. January 2014 (has links)
No / Infection is the major reason of GTR/GBR membrane failure in clinical application. In this work, we developed GTR/GBR nanofiber membranes with localized drug delivery function to prevent infection. Metronidazole (MNA), an antibiotic, was successfully incorporated into electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers at different concentrations (0, 1, 5, 10, 20, 30, and 40 wt% polymer). To obtain the optimum anti-infection membrane, we systematically investigated the physical-chemical and mechanical properties of the nanofiber membranes with different drug contents. The interaction between PCL and MNA was identified by molecular dynamics simulation. MNA released in a controlled, sustained manner over 2 weeks and the antibacterial activity of the released MNA remained. The incorporation of MNA improved the hydrophilicity and in vitro biodegradation rate of PCL nanofibers. The nanofiber membranes allowed cells to adhere to and proliferate on them and showed excellent barrier function. The membrane loaded with 30% MNA had the best comprehensive properties. Analysis of subcutaneous implants demonstrated that MNA-loaded nanofibers evoked a less severe inflammatory response than pure PCL nanofibers. These results demonstrate the potential of MNA-loaded nanofiber membranes as GTR/GBR membrane with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory function for extensive biomedical applications.
4

Colonização por Candida em indivíduos com candidemia / Candida colonization in individuals with candidemia

Miranda, Lourdes das Neves 31 January 2008 (has links)
Nas duas últimas décadas, várias espécies de Candida têm surgido como importantes patógenos hospitalares, no mundo e no Brasil. A identificação da origem da infecção tem importância na definição de estratégias de prevenção e controle. As estratégias para a prevenção de candidíase endógena podem focar, parcialmente, em métodos para redução da colonização de mucosas, por exemplo, a restrição ao uso de antibióticos de largo espectro. Entretanto, nos casos nos quais está envolvida uma fonte exógena, um expressivo reforço, na melhoria da qualidade das práticas de assistência à saúde, é prioritário para prevenção da transmissão. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar diferentes sítios de colonização por Candida como potenciais fontes de candidemia. O estudo foi desenvolvido em 3 hospitais no Brasil: Instituto Central do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de São Paulo, hospital universitário de nível terciário de complexidade, com mil leitos; o Instituto de Infectologia Emílio Ribas, um hospital com 200 leitos, referência para todo o Estado de São Paulo; e o Hospital Geral de Itapecerica da Serra, hospital de cuidados secundários da Grande São Paulo. Foram incluídos no estudo os pacientes com isolamento de Candida em hemocultura obtida de veia periférica após 48 horas de admissão hospitalar. As culturas de vigilância para Candida foram colhidas dos seguintes sítios: urina, reto, cavidade oral, pele (virilha e axila), pele ao redor do cateter e ponta de cateter caso disponível. A tipagem molecular foi realizada quando a mesma espécie de Candida (C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis and C. glabrata) foi isolada no sangue e nos sítios de vigilância do mesmo paciente. A eletroforese em campo pulsado foi realizada para os isolados de C. albicans, C. parapsilosis e C. glabrata. A amplificação de segmentos polimórficos do DNA foi realizada para C. albicans e C. tropicalis. No total 63 pacientes consecutivos com candidemia foram incluídos no estudo no período de maio de 2004 a outubro de 2005. C. albicans foi isolada em 42% das hemoculturas, C. parapsilosis em 35%, C. tropicalis em 16%, C. guilliermondii, C. krusei, C. glabrata, e C. holmii, em 2% cada uma. Unicamente seis dos 10 isolados de ponta de cateter apresentaram perfil eletroforético idêntico aos isolados de C. parapsilosis do sangue. Os isolados de C. albicans do sangue e de culturas de vigilância do trato gastrintestinal correspondentes, oriundos de 12 pacientes, apresentaram genótipos idênticos. Os resultados sugerem que a colonização do trato gastrintestinal é a provável fonte de candidemia por C. albicans e que a candidemia por C. parasilosis é de origem exógena. / In the last two decades, Candida spp. have emerged as important nosocomial pathogens in the world and in Brazil. The identification of the source of infection is important in approaching prevention and control strategies. Strategies for the prevention of endogenous candidiasis may focus, to a certain extent, on methods for reducing mucosal colonization, for example limitation use of wide-spectrum antibiotics. However, in cases in which an exogenous source is involved, the aggressive reinforcement of adequate healthcare practices is mandatory to prevent transmission. The objective of this study was to evaluate different Candida colonization sites as potential sources for Candida fungemia. The study was done in 3 hospitals in Brazil: the Central Institute of Hospital das Clinicas, a 1000-bed tertiary-care hospital affiliated to the University of São Paulo; the Institute Emilio Ribas, a 200-bed infectious diseases hospital, reference for all the state of São Paulo; and the General Hospital of Itapecerica da Serra, a secondary-care community hospital located in area of the greater São Paulo. The patients with a positive blood culture for Candida, collected from a peripheral vein, were included in the study if they had to be hospitalized for 48 hours or more before candidemia. The following surveillance cultures for Candida were collected from: urine, rectum, oropharynx, skin (groin and axilla), skin around the catheter and catheter tip if available. Molecular typing was performed when the same species of Candida (C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis and C. glabrata) was isolated from the blood and from surveillance sites of a single patient. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was performed for C. albicans, C. parapsilosis and C. glabrata isolates. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA was performed for C. albicans and C. tropicalis. A total of 63 consecutive patients with candidemia were included in the period from May 2004 to October 2005. C. albicans comprised 42% of the blood isolates, C. parapsilosis 35%, C. tropicalis 16%, C. guilliermondii, C. krusei, C. glabrata, and C. holmii, 2% each. Six of the 10 isolates from catheter tips presented identical electrophoretic profiles to corresponding C. parapsilosis blood cultures and no other surveillance sites were related. C. albicans isolates from blood and from corresponding gastrointestinal surveillance sites from 12 patients presented identical genotypes. In conclusion, our results suggest that tract gastrointestinal colonization is the probable source of C. albicans candidemia and that C. parapsilosis candidemia is not endogenous.
5

Colonização por Candida em indivíduos com candidemia / Candida colonization in individuals with candidemia

Lourdes das Neves Miranda 31 January 2008 (has links)
Nas duas últimas décadas, várias espécies de Candida têm surgido como importantes patógenos hospitalares, no mundo e no Brasil. A identificação da origem da infecção tem importância na definição de estratégias de prevenção e controle. As estratégias para a prevenção de candidíase endógena podem focar, parcialmente, em métodos para redução da colonização de mucosas, por exemplo, a restrição ao uso de antibióticos de largo espectro. Entretanto, nos casos nos quais está envolvida uma fonte exógena, um expressivo reforço, na melhoria da qualidade das práticas de assistência à saúde, é prioritário para prevenção da transmissão. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar diferentes sítios de colonização por Candida como potenciais fontes de candidemia. O estudo foi desenvolvido em 3 hospitais no Brasil: Instituto Central do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de São Paulo, hospital universitário de nível terciário de complexidade, com mil leitos; o Instituto de Infectologia Emílio Ribas, um hospital com 200 leitos, referência para todo o Estado de São Paulo; e o Hospital Geral de Itapecerica da Serra, hospital de cuidados secundários da Grande São Paulo. Foram incluídos no estudo os pacientes com isolamento de Candida em hemocultura obtida de veia periférica após 48 horas de admissão hospitalar. As culturas de vigilância para Candida foram colhidas dos seguintes sítios: urina, reto, cavidade oral, pele (virilha e axila), pele ao redor do cateter e ponta de cateter caso disponível. A tipagem molecular foi realizada quando a mesma espécie de Candida (C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis and C. glabrata) foi isolada no sangue e nos sítios de vigilância do mesmo paciente. A eletroforese em campo pulsado foi realizada para os isolados de C. albicans, C. parapsilosis e C. glabrata. A amplificação de segmentos polimórficos do DNA foi realizada para C. albicans e C. tropicalis. No total 63 pacientes consecutivos com candidemia foram incluídos no estudo no período de maio de 2004 a outubro de 2005. C. albicans foi isolada em 42% das hemoculturas, C. parapsilosis em 35%, C. tropicalis em 16%, C. guilliermondii, C. krusei, C. glabrata, e C. holmii, em 2% cada uma. Unicamente seis dos 10 isolados de ponta de cateter apresentaram perfil eletroforético idêntico aos isolados de C. parapsilosis do sangue. Os isolados de C. albicans do sangue e de culturas de vigilância do trato gastrintestinal correspondentes, oriundos de 12 pacientes, apresentaram genótipos idênticos. Os resultados sugerem que a colonização do trato gastrintestinal é a provável fonte de candidemia por C. albicans e que a candidemia por C. parasilosis é de origem exógena. / In the last two decades, Candida spp. have emerged as important nosocomial pathogens in the world and in Brazil. The identification of the source of infection is important in approaching prevention and control strategies. Strategies for the prevention of endogenous candidiasis may focus, to a certain extent, on methods for reducing mucosal colonization, for example limitation use of wide-spectrum antibiotics. However, in cases in which an exogenous source is involved, the aggressive reinforcement of adequate healthcare practices is mandatory to prevent transmission. The objective of this study was to evaluate different Candida colonization sites as potential sources for Candida fungemia. The study was done in 3 hospitals in Brazil: the Central Institute of Hospital das Clinicas, a 1000-bed tertiary-care hospital affiliated to the University of São Paulo; the Institute Emilio Ribas, a 200-bed infectious diseases hospital, reference for all the state of São Paulo; and the General Hospital of Itapecerica da Serra, a secondary-care community hospital located in area of the greater São Paulo. The patients with a positive blood culture for Candida, collected from a peripheral vein, were included in the study if they had to be hospitalized for 48 hours or more before candidemia. The following surveillance cultures for Candida were collected from: urine, rectum, oropharynx, skin (groin and axilla), skin around the catheter and catheter tip if available. Molecular typing was performed when the same species of Candida (C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis and C. glabrata) was isolated from the blood and from surveillance sites of a single patient. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was performed for C. albicans, C. parapsilosis and C. glabrata isolates. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA was performed for C. albicans and C. tropicalis. A total of 63 consecutive patients with candidemia were included in the period from May 2004 to October 2005. C. albicans comprised 42% of the blood isolates, C. parapsilosis 35%, C. tropicalis 16%, C. guilliermondii, C. krusei, C. glabrata, and C. holmii, 2% each. Six of the 10 isolates from catheter tips presented identical electrophoretic profiles to corresponding C. parapsilosis blood cultures and no other surveillance sites were related. C. albicans isolates from blood and from corresponding gastrointestinal surveillance sites from 12 patients presented identical genotypes. In conclusion, our results suggest that tract gastrointestinal colonization is the probable source of C. albicans candidemia and that C. parapsilosis candidemia is not endogenous.

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