Cybersäkerhetsrisker är idag ett högaktuellt ämne som fortsätter växa i betydelse. Svaret på problemet handlar dock om mer än bara tekniska lösningar. Snarare bör fokus läggas på människorna inom organisationen genom att förhindra att de exponerar svagheter i organisationens säkerhetssystem. Denna studie syftar till att undersöka hur verksamheter kan organiseras med ambition att skydda sig mot cybersäkerhetsrisker. För att söka svar på frågan utgår undersökningen från tidigare forskning på cybersäkerhet samt det teoretiska ramverket microfoundations där begreppen roller, rutiner och regler behandlas. En kvalitativ metod har valts där respondenter med erfarenhet av arbete inom cybersäkerhet har intervjuats. Resultatet visar att hela verksamheten bör inkluderas i säkerhetsarbetet och att ett säkerhetstänk alltid måste finnas med i de dagliga arbetsuppgifterna för att således få in säkerhet som rutin.

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Purpose The aim of this study is to examine how Swedish municipalities work withsustainability and transform ideas into actions in regard to Agenda 2030. This is examined with abasis in microfoundations. We propose that the different levels of microfoundations areinterlinked and that all levels of microfoundations need to work properly to have a functioningprocess of turning ideas into actions. Theoretical Perspective In order to examine this issue comprehensively, a literature review isperformed. Previous research shows that microfoundations can be split into three subcategories:individuals, processes and structure. The analysis is done from the perspective of these threemicrofoundational categories. Method This study is conducted using a qualitative method through a dual case study. Five semistructured interviews are conducted in two municipalities. The interviews are transcribed andanalyzed using the theoretical background. Municipal documents are also used in the analysis inorder to triangulate the data. Conclusion The empirical findings show that all levels of microfoundations are vital for thestudied municipalities when they transform sustainability ideas into actions. The most importantlevel of microfoundations appears to be individuals, however all of the levels are intertwined andit is not sufficient with just one level.

I look at knowledge networks emerging through individual collaboration within incumbent firms and I make an effort to identify individual roles that are driving a number of meaningful firm-level innovation-related outcomes. I document how certain individuals occupy such positions in their firms' knowledge network that equip them with unique blends of human and social capital, thus making them consequential for the innovative performance of the system as a whole. Integrators are the actors with an extraordinarily large and dense network of different collaborators. Connectors are the individuals who collaborate with others across diverse knowledge areas and clusters. Isolates are actors who are productive while remaining relatively unconnected and independent. I find that relational stars (i.e. integrators and connectors) positively affect their organization's quantity and quality of inventive output. On the other hand, I find that it is isolates and star inventors who positively affect inventive productivity. I find that individuals with extreme patterns of collaborative behavior (either local or distant) facilitate exploration and that productive isolates drive exploitation. In addition, I find that organizational ambidexterity can be attained by having individuals who can simultaneously explore and exploit or by increasing the connectedness between exploratory and exploitative activities. Finally, I find that knowledge boundary choices are also affected by internal organization and human resource attributes.

Business Intelligence (BI) is a topic that has attracted attention from both researchers and practitioners. Despite BI's promising possibilities, few organizations are able to transform BI-insights into actions. Thus, the purpose of this study was to understand: How organizations can transform BI insights into actions, and which capabilities impact this transformation. In order to obtain this understanding, a case-study was conducted. We interviewed six consultants from leading consultancy firms, and a practitioner who uses BI on a daily basis. Prior to this, the authors reviewed previous BI literature which suggests that BI needs to be combined with capabilities for employees to utilize BI. Microfoundations was used as a theoretical framework to identify important capabilities and how they relate to BI. The findings distinguished specific capabilities that impacts the ability to utilize BI. Capabilities such as communication, sponsorship, culture, and clear strategies & goals, are important in order to better take advantage of BI. The conclusions are that hard skills (e.g. technical competencies), education and experience among the employees may not be as crucial as previously thought. This is because BI-systems are becoming more intuitive and easier to use.

Product-oriented firms are increasingly moving towards providing services to customers in a bid to differentiate their offerings, increase customer loyalty, and achieve higher, more stable revenue streams. This trend of servitization is becoming ubiquitous in manufacturing firms. These firms increasingly invest resources in efforts to offer basic and advanced services. Basic services focus on supporting the functioning of the product and increasing its efficiency. But advanced services focus on helping customers achieve their desired outcomes. Providing advanced services holds potential of greater benefits for the manufacturing firms, but a closer look indicates that most firms still largely offer basic services. This is because, advanced services demand greater intensity in relationships with customers, a higher degree of customization, and a sharper focus on assisting customers in their own value creation processes.   Offering advanced services is more risky, complex, and difficult to execute. Therefore, significant changes must be made in terms of company culture, structures, processes, capabilities, and business models. In fact, servitizing firms must transform almost every aspect of the way they do business – from their business strategy to their capabilities, organizational structure, culture, mindset, and business logic. This transformation towards advanced services therefore affects all levels of the firm: strategic, operational, and individual levels. Although prior studies have explored many aspects of the challenges involved in the transformation towards advanced services, they typically focus on function-specific practices without linking initiatives at other organizational levels. The literature lacks a multilevel understanding of the transformation process. Such an understanding could provide a better understanding of the transformation process, linking various aspects at multiple levels within the firm. To address this gap, this dissertation aims to improve our understanding of multilevel transformation towards advanced service provision in manufacturing firms.   Based on extensive qualitative studies with 13 leading Swedish manufacturing firms engaged in servitization, this dissertation provides a framework that shows how manufacturing firms experience ambivalence (i.e. the simultaneous pull in opposite directions) during transformation and how this affects the firm at the strategic, operational, and individual levels. The dissertation provides specific insights of how individual actions enable capability building for advanced services and how capabilities for advanced services help address business model alignment problems, thereby supporting transformation towards advanced service provision. This dissertation extends our understanding of how various aspects at multiple levels within a manufacturing firm are linked during the transformation towards advanced service provision. It marks one of the initial attempts in the servitization research to provide a multilevel explanation of firms’ overall transformation from providers of products to providers of advanced services.   This dissertation also uses the lens of ambivalence to provide insights into co-existing product and service orientations and their consequences during servitization. Ambivalence theories have been associated with individuals and have been applied in the sociopsychology literature. This dissertation extends these theories to the organizational context and the servitization literature. It also identifies specific capabilities that can help manufacturing firms in their transformation towards advanced services. Specifically, it redefines digitalization capability and shows how this capability is one of the most important capabilities that manufacturing firms must develop to transform into advanced service providers. This dissertation also provides a capability maturity model that can help guide the capability development process in manufacturing firms. Finally, this dissertation contributes to our understanding of the role of individuals in the transformation process within firms. This is one of the first systematic attempts to provide a microfoundation-based view of individual-level influences on higher-level outcomes in the servitization literature.

The integration of innovation and sustainability has become important aspects for firms to consider in order to remain competitive. To address these issues and/or opportunities, firms need to have or acquire the knowledge and skills in order to have the capabilities necessary to implement and develop sustainable innovations. In a fluctuating market, the dynamic capabilities of a firm becomes important to address possible threats and opportunities prominent for sustainability-oriented innovations (SOI). In current literature, there is a lack of understanding on how the dynamic capabilities of a firm affect their ability to develop and implement SOI. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis was to explore how firms’ dynamic capabilities affect their ability to develop and implement SOI. To gather more in-depth insights about this phenomenon, this thesis conducted a single-case study on a firm operating in the greenhouse farming industry. The thesis concludes that the dynamic capabilities facilitate their abilities to develop and implement SOIs. Furthermore, eight microfoundations enabling dynamic capabilities were unveiled as key enablers of dynamic capabilities for firms ability to develop and implement SOIs. This thesis contributes to existing literature by acknowledging that the dynamic capabilities of a firm facilitate the development and implementation of SOI.

Research describing conservation agencies has generally been exploratory and limited in the use of theory. Similarly, organizational theories can provide an understanding for how organizations change and adapt to their given environments, but they have not been applied to conservation agencies with unique challenges and strains from other public bureaucracies or private corporations. In expanding this body of literature, not only were these theories applied conservation agencies, but they were also explored in what Powell and Colyvas (2008, p. 276) called "microfoundations" of organizations, which focuses on the interplay between individuals and organizations. To explore this, a convergent mixed-methods design was conducted. Within the quantitative strand, anonymous online surveys (n = 183) were distributed to rangers within the Association of National Park Rangers and several social media groups as well as publicly available secondary data. For the qualitative strand, Zoom interviews (n = 11) and a participant observation of a Ranger Rendezvous conference was conducted. Through bivariate analyses, differences were found between law enforcement and non-law enforcement rangers; ordinary least squares regression indicate that role ambiguity and job satisfaction are important in predicting organizational commitment, and an interaction effect was found between type of ranger and job satisfaction on organizational commitment. Qualitative data finds several themes associated with rangers' perceptions of their organizations, including the variability of the implementation of policies, the importance of training in shaping ranger identity, and the variety of ways they perceive effectiveness and legitimacy. These strands are combined to describe how role ambiguity is important in organizational commitment as well as discussing the impacts of organizations on individual rangers. Theoretical and policy implications, limitations and future research are also discussed.

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2018-10-09T12:45:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tatiane Martins Cruz Pirotti_.pdf: 2431912 bytes, checksum: 1d85e4822ed294bc2f313f1f9dfaf073 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-09T12:45:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tatiane Martins Cruz Pirotti_.pdf: 2431912 bytes, checksum: 1d85e4822ed294bc2f313f1f9dfaf073 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-06-13 / Nenhuma / As inovações sociais são importantes instrumentos para minimização ou solução de problemas sociais. Contudo, ainda existem grandes desafios ligados à gestão no que se refere ao desenvolvimento de inovações sociais que perdurem e que possam ampliar seus impactos sociais, gerando, assim, o que se entende por escalabilidade. Se adaptadas ao contexto social, as capacidades dinâmicas, suportadas por seus microprocessos, podem servir como apoio ao processo de escalabilidade. Mediante a realização de um estudo de caso único, em uma inovação social brasileira com mais de quatro décadas de existência, o presente estudo analisa de que formas as capacidades dinâmicas podem influenciar o processo de escalabilidade de uma inovação social. O método de pesquisa empregado é de natureza qualitativa, com utilização da abordagem processual. Os dados coletados consistiram em entrevistas, documentos e observações, o que permitiu identificar a existência de quatro fases metodológicas. Foram elencados e analisados para cada uma destas os eventos e os microprocessos de capacidades dinâmicas que mais impactaram no processo de escalabilidade da inovação social estudada. Como principais resultados, inferiu-se que as capacidades dinâmicas exercem influência positiva no processo de escalabilidade da inovação social, auxiliando na percepção de oportunidades e ameaças, bem como na apropriação e na criação das transformações e adaptações necessárias às mudanças ambientais e às metas de escalabilidade. Além disso, entende-se que o surgimento de novos microprocessos está associado às necessidades ambientais, bem como ao engajamento de diversos atores. Com esta pesquisa, buscou-se contribuir com a gestão da inovação social, ao elencar práticas (microprocessos) capazes de influenciar o processo de escalabilidade. Como contribuição teórica e acadêmica, o estudo avança no entendimento de como as capacidades dinâmicas podem contribuir no processo de escalabilidade, além de utilizar-se da análise processual, o que oportunizou um entendimento aprofundado do processo de escalabilidade ao longo da trajetória da inovação social estudada. / Social innovations are important tools for minimizing or solving social problems. However, there are still major challenges regarding the management of social innovations development in order to expand their social impacts, thus generating what is meant by scalability. The dynamic capabilities and its microfoundations, if adapted to the social context, can serve as a support for the scalability process. By conducting a single case study in a Brazilian social innovation with more than four decades of existence, the present study analyzes in which ways the dynamic capabilities can influence the scalability process of a social innovation. The research method used is qualitative, using the process approach. The data were collected through interviews, documents and observations, which allowed to identify the existence of four methodological phases. The dynamic capabilities events and microfoundations that most impacted the process of scalability of the studied social innovation were listed and analyzed for each of these events. As main results, it was inferred that dynamic capabilities exert a positive influence on the scalability process of social innovation, aiding in the perception of opportunities and threats, as well as in the appropriation and creation of the transformations and adaptations necessary for environmental changes and scalability goals. In addition, it is understood that the emergence of new microfoundations is associated with the environmental needs, as well as the engagement of several actors. With this research, we aim to contribute to the management of social innovation, by listing practices (microfoundations) capable of influencing the scalability process. As a theoretical and academic contribution, the study advances the understanding of how dynamic capabilities can influence the scalability process, in addition to using the process research approach, which provided a deep understanding of the scalability process along the social innovation trajectory studied.

The dynamic capabilities perspective has become one of the most vibrant approaches to strategic management. Despite its growing popularity, it has faced criticism because of ambiguity and contradictions in dynamic capabilities literature. There has been increasing calls to address the fragmentation in the literature and provide empirically collaborated insights if it is to fulfil its potential as a distinct approach to strategic management. The microfoundations research agenda remains an emerging theme in the dynamic capabilities literature and since the overarching emphasis of a microfoundational approach is in the explanatory primacy of the micro-level especially in its relation to macro-level entities, it covers a wide array of subjects at several levels. One of the main criticisms of the microfoundations approach is a lack of multi-level analysis and there has been calls for multi-level theory development to connect levels within particular contexts since dynamic capabilities are path dependent and context-specific. This thesis explores the multi-level nature of dynamic capabilities in the Information Technology Security context and empirically investigates the impact of microfoundations of dynamic capabilities on firm capability renewal and reconfiguration. It overcomes the challenge associated with fragmentation in dynamic capabilities by presenting a conceptual model for the multi-level nature of dynamic capabilities. By explicating where dynamic capabilities reside, we can more purposely impact on them to advance our scholarly understanding and proffer practical managerial interventions to directly enhance specific abilities of sensing, seizing and reconfiguring to achieve superior outcomes. The research employed the Gioia qualitative case study research methodology and research methods used were 35 semi-structured interviews and observations. The research findings suggest that firms renew and reconfigure their capabilities to align with the changing industry and industry standards, and client needs. Firms also renew and reconfigure capabilities and capability framework due to internal strategic organisational learning and to align with firm’s specific business strategies. Capability renewal and reconfiguration is vital to achieve technical and evolutionary fitness. In addition, findings inform that dynamic capabilities in the form of ability to sense, seize and reconfigure exhibit at macro, meso and micro levels. Actor’s external engagement with significant institutions enables superior sensing ability. Accumulated experience is exploited to gain credibility with clients to win business, and demystifying firm processes and clarity of language in firm artefacts achieve superior knowledge articulation and codification processes by actors. Structuring of simple routines and capabilities enable ease of internal knowledge transfer but susceptibility to intellectual property theft by outsiders whereas complex routines and capabilities create challenges for knowledge transfer but are harder for competitors to discern and copy. Drawing on the research findings, the thesis presents a conceptual model for the multi-level microfoundations of dynamic capabilities in knowledge-intensive domains with relevance for theory and practice.