The diploma thesis Microbial contamination of honeys in the literature recherche presenting chemical composition of honey, its properties and effects to human health. The major part deal with microbial contamination of honey, characterization of important groups of microorganisms and describing defects of honey produced their activities. Further it shows with possible ways of precaution against these undesirable changes. The experimental part is focused on microbiological analysis and spectrophotometric measurement of floral and honeydew color, purchased directly from beekeepers from the region Vysočina. Investigating changes in numbers of microorganisms and changes color over time.

This thesis analyses the occurrence of the pathogenic microorganisms in raw milk. The theoretical part of this thesis focuses on the description of the particular microorganisms, their biochemical activity, their source and the transmission. Furthermore, this thesis analyses the diseases related to these particular microorganisms. In addition, this study discusses a legislation of the raw milk distribution and trade with a focus on its benefits and threats for the final consumers. The practical part includes an analysis of the total number of microorganisms, psychrotrophic bacteria, bacteria Salmonella spp., bacteria Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in raw milk. The samples for this study were collected from the milk automats in the South Moravian region and from the farm in the Pardubice region. Samples were collected during the following year periods: autumn/winter, spring/summer. The analysis includes a comparison of the samples with the legislative limits. Furthermore, the samples were compared with each other in according to the particular period of the year. The last stage of the analysis determines the presence of the inhibitory substances in raw milk.

The diploma thesis "Different microbial activity in the rhizosphere of grasses Festuca ovina and Calamagrostis epigejos" deals with the issue of climate change and eutrophication and their impact on the stability of rare habitats, specifically dry acidophilous grasslands in the Podyjí national park. The aim of the thesis is to study and collect the available sources about the issue of the interaction of soil microorganisms and plant roots in exceptional and protected dry grassland ecosystems, which are colonized by aggressive expansion of Calamagrostis epigejos, thereby compromising their integrity and stability. This issue is still not fully understood. Review of literature in the thesis describes the explanation of the most significant part of the issue - the nutrient cycling in ecosystems, C: N ratio, the role of microorganisms in the soil, and the importance of microbial processes in the rhizosphere and in grassland ecosystems generally. In the experimental part the hypothesis - that drought stress and eutrophication causes changes in the plant - microorganisms - soil system, which result in destabilization of the system, by an increase in leakage of nitrate and ammonium ions from the soil, and in changes in the quantity and quality of underground and aboveground biomass of Festuca ovina -- was confirmed.

In this thesis Raman spectroscopy is evaluated as a tool of identification and discrimination of carotenoids from microbial biomass. Microorganisms, halophilic or nonhalophilic, belong to Cyanobacteria, Proteobacteria, Chlorophyta, Rhodophyta and to others. Biomass was cultiveted under laboratory conditions and yielded varied colours. Raman spectra were recorded succesfully from lyophilized biomass by excitation wavelenth 514.5 nm (dispersive Raman microspectrometr) and 1064 nm (FT Raman spectrometer). Results were compared with Raman spectroscopic data from pigment extracts. Spectra of carotenoids are characterized by the main Raman bands υ1, υ2 a υ3 due to C=C stretching, C-C stretching and C-CH3 deformation. HPLC/UV-VIS allows effective pigment separation from extracts and detection of separated pigments by UV-VIS analyzator. Assessment of Raman analysis and its potential to detect microbial carotenoids are discused. Sarcinaxantin is an unusual carotenoid identified together with more common β - carotene. Raman spectroscopic results obtained on carotenoids recorded from colonies which accumulated more than one carotenoid need to be interpreted carefully. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

Fish meat compared with other meats t have a very specific composition, which is good for the human. On the other hand, the composition of the fish meat is excellent medium for the growth of undesirable microflora, which can lead to foodborne illness, and rarely death of a person. In this work were examined these microorganisms: Total plate count, coliform organisms, E. coli, genera Salmonella, Vibrio and Listeria. As as a samples were used three species for our most consumed fish. As a sample was used three samples of fish meat from three different shops and for the samples was used two storage temperatures. Other were four samples of smoked fish. The obtained results were compared, with the now invalid, Decree No. 132/2004 Coll. and Commision regulation (ES) No. 2073/2005. Based on the obtained results it can be stated that there was statistically significant difference in the total nummer of microorganisms, coliform organisms and E. coli between stores. It also was not statistically significant difference in the total nummer of microorganisms, coliform organisms and E. coli selected storage temperatures between 4 °C and 8 °C. The highest total nummer of microorganisms in smoked fish was detected in a sample of sprat in the amout of 6,67 log CFUg-1. The highest nummer of coliform organisms in the sample was also sprat in the amount of 5,02 log CFUg-1. E. coli was detected in smoked fish with only one sample, the sample smoked bream in an amount of 2,03 log CFUg-1. Composition of the microflora in fish muscle is influenced by many factors. Every organism requires different conditions for their growth. These conditions must be known to the exclusion of undesirable microorganisms from food .

This thesis was focused to finding chemicals an other methods that are able to reduce or replace the dose of sulfur dioxide in the wine industry. Introductory chapters deal with sulfur dioxide - its specific characteristics and forms which can be used in wine practice and way of its particular application. It was also processed a large number of literary resources with different complementary methods and provide an overview. Methods, described in this thesis, have been previously tested and they had some potential in reducing sulfur dioxide doses during the production of wine. Thesis mainly describes the interesting physical methods but the most important part of this thesis is description of chemicals with different properties and structures. The main essence of this work was experiment which studied two chemicals to reduce the doses of SO2 -- dimethyldicarbonate and higher fatty acids. The actual experiment was based on the inhibition of the four tested microorganisms in fermenting must of variety 'Marlen' and in saline (only in the case of Brettanomyces bruxellensis). Its output was counting the colonies grown on Petri dishes followed by consequential graphical demonstration of the sensitivity these microorganisms to dimethyldicarbonate and higher fatty acids.

Health care in Ecuador varies greatly depending on socioeconomic status, age, sex and place of residence. One third of the population has no regular access to health services and more than two-thirds of the population has no health insurance. Herbal medicine is the synthesis of therapeutic experience of indigenous physicians which has been evolving for hundreds of years and its resources are used to prevent and treat various types of diseases. Plants are popular natural remedy due to their efficacy, safety and minimal side effects. However, certain combinations of herbal medicine and drugs can be dangerous. Sciences, which help to examine the context of the traditional use of plants in the timeframe and also contribute to the discovery of their bioactive compounds, are called ethnobotany and ethnopharmacology. This paper investigates ten plants imported from Ecuador, which are traditionally used for healing various types of diseases such as gastrointestinal disorders, influenza, cold, urinary tract infection, skin diseases in the pelvic cavity etc. Efficiency research of herbal medicine has a great significance for future healthcare because of the expansion of antimicrobial resistance, which is currently becoming a serious health risk for both humans and animals. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of plants, which are in this thesis measured by the broth microdilution method and ORAC method, are important indicators for the analysis of medicinal plants. The only demonstrable positive result of testing the antimicrobial activity was the discovery of minimum inhibitory concentration of Espeletia schultzii against Streptococcus pyogenes (MIC=0.256 mg/mL). The highest antioxidant activity was discovered in the plant Croton elegans Kunth (743,64 +- 28,56 microgram of trolox equal to 1 miligram of the extract), for which no records associated to antioxidant activity were found.

This thesis is concerning with microbic contamination problematics during the production and sale of confectionery products. It defines the level of contamination we can find in the mentioned confectionery products. It also gives out the basic and the most important pathogens. Besides that it shows how to avoid the contamination and which methods and processes during the production and sale could be used. The experimental determination of the important microogranisms is also part of this thesis. We have done an microbiological analysis of the confectionery products which was bought in two diffenert confectionery stores. We have also done smears on different places of the stores and checkings to find an appereance of microorganisms in the air in each of these stores.

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