(in English) The thesis discusses the government of the most recent military dictatorship in Argentina in 1976-1983. The first chapter defines the basic concepts that are important for the proper interpretation of the work and provides a brief overview of the political developments and the situation in the country in the 20th century that preceded the last military coup. The main part of the thesis gives the characteristics of the period 1976-1983, that is rise to power, action and fall of the military dictatorship with a reflection of the development of relations with the USA and Argentina in this period of time. It also delivers a view of the Falklands War, which accelerated the transition from dictatorship to democracy in Argentina. The work also includes insight into the present in the context of the impact of the seven-year military junta to Argentine society as well as the question of the future of the islands, in the context of the continuing recognition of Argentina's claims to sovereignty over the islands.

Myanmar, an isolated country in Southeast Asia, held general elections for the People¡¦s Assembly in 2010, the first in twenty years and the second in fifty years. The military junta that has ruled the country for decades has been facing strong criticism from the international community. This research has systematically examined the historical development of the electoral laws and the overall electoral system of the Union of Myanmar (since October 2010 officially known as the Republic of the Union of Myanmar) during the period of 18 June 1989 up until the latest elections on 7 November 2011. Why did the military bother organizing elections? The latest elections were meant to give the impression that they would create a legitimate government. In reality, they were designed to preserve military rule under a façade of democracy. The junta learned a valuable lesson from the last free elections in 1990, which ended in a fiasco for the pro-junta parties, and did not leave it to the people's will in 2010. In order to effectively extend military rule, in 2008 the junta used a flawed referendum to approve a supremacy constitution, according to which the military automatically receives 25% of the seats in parliament. This constitution helped the junta impose several severe limitations on parties willing to participate in the 2010 elections, thus ensuring that the military-backed political parties would win most of the seats at stake. This thesis attempts to show the powerlessness of the masses against a system based on the creation of self-serving laws used by the ruling junta to control the society.

Deye mo-n se mo-n is a proverb in Haiti that roughly translates to "Beyond the mountains, more mountains." This saying holds a deep meaning to the Haitian peoples, who have lived through unrelenting violence and poverty. In its 200 years of independence, Haiti's inhabitants have seldom known a decade without political violence. Like the chain of mountains, political violence in Haiti seems to go on forever with no end in sight. Not only are the devastating effects of violence felt within politics, but also in the economic and social sectors of the country. The collapse of these sectors has created a predatory democracy which fails to provide for the population but rather enriches political elites who fight for the control of power and ignore their civic duties. The result of the political infighting, corruption, and weak governance has left Haiti the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere. A recent conflict which continues to have negative effects in the country is the 1991 military coup d'etat. The source of the coup was the political classes' constant fight for the control of power. The consequences of the coup are the collapse of the sectors previously mentioned. This has led to a country's struggle to reestablish functioning political, economic, and social institutions. Through secondary literary sources, online journals, and biographies, the causes and negative effects of the coup will be explored in hopes of illustrating the overall proximate and underlying causes of political violence in Haiti. This research will eventually lead to the exploration of different institutional reforms which needs to be enforced to break the cycle of violence.

Contrairement à ses homologues occidentaux (le detective novel britannique, le roman de détection français, le roman noir anglo-américain, le giallo italien), le récit policier grec est une terra incognita pour la recherche universitaire.Cette thèse ambitionne de combler cette lacune en s’intéressant à un genre qui, plus que tout autre, a eu mauvais genre en Grèce. Les deux questions qui constituent le fil d’Ariane de notre réflexion tournent autour de l’hellénité du genre (existe-t-il un roman policier grec doté de caractéristiques intrinsèques ?) et de son évolution en diachronie (y a-t-il continuum ou rupture entre l’ancienne et la nouvelle production policière hellénique ?). Notre thèse est construite en trois temps. Notre première partie s’intéresse aux raisons de la naissance tardive du genre en Grèce et à son histoire sur six décennies, de 1953 à 2013. Notre deuxième partie se penche sur la poétique du nouveau roman policier grec (1995-2013) en prenant pour point de comparaison l’ancienne production policière hellénique (1953-1967), celle de Maris et de ses épigones : Chairopoulos, Kakouri, Marakis, Markakis, Papagéorgiou. Au cours de cette deuxième partie, il est surtout question de l’identité générique du nouveau « polar grec » (roman de détection, roman noir, thriller, « polar méditerranéen » ?), des personnages qu’il met en scène et de la thématique de la ville. Enfin, notre troisième partie ambitionne de montrer que le nouveau roman policier hellénique mène une investigation sur l’histoire, la société et l’identité grecques. Plus qu’à l’anatomie d’un crime, le lecteur assiste en effet, dans la nouvelle production policière hellénique, à l’anatomie d’un pays. / In opposition to Western crime fiction (British and French detective novels, American hard-boiled crime fictions, Italian giallo), Greek crime fiction is totally unknown in the field of academic research (both in Greece and France).This thesis aims to fill this gap by focusing on a literary genre which, more often than not, has been badly seen by the Greek literary establishment. The two questions which drew our attention revolved around the Hellenic dimension of the genre (is there something as such as Greek crime fiction?) and around the evolution of Greek crime fiction over time (is there a continuity or a major shift between former and recent Greek crime fiction?).Our thesis is divided into three parts. The first part focuses on the belated emergence of the genre in Greece and on the history of Greek crime fiction from 1953 to 2013. The second part analyses the poetics of recent crime fiction production in Greece (1995-2013), in comparison to the novels or short stories of Greek writers of the fifties and sixties (authors such as Yannis Maris, Christos Chairopoulos, Athina Kakouri, Andronikos Markakis, Takis Papageorgiou). In our second part, we also try to identify the genre in which Greek crime fiction expresses itself (detective story? Hard-boiled story? Thriller? Mediterranean Noir?). Finally, we analyse the main characters who appear in the plot and the theme of the city. The third part aims at showing that contemporary authors of Greek crime fiction lead an investigation on the history of Greece (and its society) and on Hellenic identity. In a nutshell, recent Greek crime fiction is more focused on the anatomy of a country than on the anatomy of a crime.

The topic of this diploma thesis is Argentine - U.S. bilateral relations during the rule of military junta in Argentina from 1976 to 1983. It deals with the most discussed topics such as human rights violations, grain embargo towards USSR, Falkland islands war, cooperation and competition in Central America, nuclear cooperation. It covers period from the fall of government of María Estela Isabel de Perón and the rise of military junta to the resignation of Leopoldo Galtieri and celebration of free elections in 1983 in Argentina. From the USA side it covers periods of the late Ford administration, entire Carter administration and first years of Reagan administration.