Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome (MTSS, Shin splints) is very common in military personnel accounting for up to 35% of incidences, which is almost twice the incidence seen in the average active individual. Each year there is in increase number of injuries in Army recruits. Though Army Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) programs are known for commissioning approximately 60% of 2nd Lieutenants and 40% of generals on active Army duty, no research has been done examining MTSS occurrences in relation to military management practices. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between military management practices and the prevalence of shin splints in Army ROTC cadets. The study consisted of 63 Army ROTC cadets. The data was explored by addressing frequencies, descriptive statistics, crosstabs and correlations of the data. MTSS incidences had a significant relationship with days missed, endurance training, ROTC classification and ROTC club participation.

Svensk militär verksamhet organiseras och leds i ett normalläge, för att snabbt kunna möta och hantera en hastigt uppkommen påfrestning. På motsvarande sätt finns annan verksamhet i samhället som verkar under liknande förutsättningar. Vad kännetecknar en militär organisation som skall hantera påfrestningar med hög operativ effekt, och vad utmärker metoden för att leda verksamheten vid påfrestning? Vilka utmaningar och lösningar kan identifieras? I syfte att vidga perspektiven gjordes en jämförelse i kontrasterande syfte mellan ett militärt förband och ett akutsjukhus. Genom en induktivt driven ansats och kvalitativ metod, genomfördes sju semistrukturerade djupintervjuer vid Luftstridsskolan i Uppsala och Lokal katastrofledning vid Gävle sjukhus. Likheterna mellan de undersökta enheterna avseende organisation och ledningsmetod samt utmaningar och lösningar kopplade till detta var stor. Med utgångspunkt i begreppen High Reliability Organizations och Ambidextrous Organizations diskuteras resultaten, som ger förutsättningar att utveckla organisation och ledningsmetod främst vid författarnas förband Luftstridsskolan. För att nå detta är författarnas konkreta rekommendationer, med stöd i empiri och litteratur, bl.a. att i högre utsträckning nyttja tvärfunktionellt sammansatta ledningsgrupper för att hantera påfrestningar eller komplexa planeringsuppgifter och därigenom minska stuprörstänkande, att sträva mot förbättrad gemensam lägesbild vid flottiljstab och att avkräva lojalitet mot beslutad organisation och ledningsmetod. Detta bedöms leda till ökad operativ effekt vid förbandet. / Swedish armed forces are normally organized for education and training on a daily basis, for the purpose of rapidly being able to deal with sudden events or strains. What signifies a military organization and command dealing with these kinds of strains whilst maintaining a high level of operational effect? What challenges do they face and what kinds of solutions are available? In order to expand the perspective a comparison was made with a military unit and an emergency hospital. This study was carried out withan inductive and qualitative method, and seven semi-structured interviews were conducted. By the perspectives of High Reliability Organizations and Ambidextrous Organizations, the results are discussed. The resemblances between the two researched units are surprisingly striking in the investigated areas of interest. In order to improve organization and command at the researched military unit, the authors recommend the following actions: the use of joint functions command groups to a greater extent in order to enhance the ability to handle strains and sudden events, to strive for a greater level of situational awareness on all levels in the organization and the demand for loyalty to organization and structure of management decided by the commander. These actions are deemed to increase the level of operational effect at the unit.

依據我國國防報告書指出，國防部近年基於我國「國防法」之立法精神，結合行政院「擴大內需」與「激勵市場」之政策指導，逐步推展各項「國防資源釋商」規劃及相關作為，藉以將國防資源挹注國內市場，提升我國科技及工業水準。 依現階段我國國防資源釋商規劃，除了增加國防預算投注國內金額比例，期達成有效提高民間參與國防建設之意願與能力，促進國家產業及經發展等目的，並且逐步落實一般性軍需全部向國內採購，現有武器裝備之非核心維持能量，亦逐步規劃釋出民間承接；新武器裝備需求，民間能自製者，則不向外採購，軍方得不建立能量；運用「減少軍中自辦業務」、「降低國外採購金額」及「擴大釋商預算規模」等3原則，進行國防資源配置調整，以擴大國內釋商規模。 以「國有民營」計畫為例，國防部自民國88年進入實驗規劃階段，並於民國90年11月依「國防法」第22條授權制定完成「國防部科技工業機構委託民間經營管理辦法」，業經行政院召開跨部會會議審核通過，於民國91年3月1日施行，據以加速國有民營個案推動。國防部現已完成軍備局第302經理品生產工廠轉型，成為軍方國有民營成功首例，未來可針對機敏性低且軍民通用性高之國防科技工業機構，逐依執行成效檢討辦理委託民營；本研究旨在探討國防資源釋商政策─國有民營案執行成效，並提出未來策略規劃精進建議。 / The National Defense Report indicates that the MND has been prosecuting various privatization plans of national defense resources. These plans are based on the conception of the National Defense Act and are to cooperate with the Executive Yuan's policy to expand domestic needs and to stimulating market. It also aims to inject capital to the domestic markets and to improve domestic technology levels. MND will reduce military engagement and foreign procurement expenditure to expand privatization budget. The capital injection into domestic market is intended to encourage non-military industries to participate in defense developments and to promote domestic economics. General military necessities will continuously be purchased from domestic supplier and the maintainance of the subordinate military components will be taken over by non-military industries. The future purchase of new weapons and equipment which can be domestically manufactured will be exclusive to non-military suppliers in Taiwan. Take the Government-Owned Company-Operated project (GOCO) for example. MND has initiated the test-run phase of the project since 1999. In November 2001, MND promulgated the draft of “Regulations of the Operation and Management of National Defense Technology Institutions by Private Entities”, according to Article 22 of the National Defense Act. The draft has been reviewed and approved by the Executive Yuan and took effect on March 1 2001 to boost the promotion of GOCO system. MND has completed the privatization of Military Necessity Factory No. 302, which is the first success of GOCO. MND will keep privatizing national defense industry of low confidentiality and high common utilities. This thesis aims to analyse the policy of defense resources privatization, by virtue of the case study of GOCO, and to offer suggestions for policy formulation in the future.