The aim of this thesis was carried out using one of the methods of analysis of sensory evaluation of selected dairy products. Based on the proposed questionnaire survey carried out simultaneously on consumption and preference for selected commodities. The thesis was part of the project ECOP CZ.1.07/2.3.00/09.0081: "Comprehensive training of human resources in the dairy."

This thesis deals with the importance of milk as a natural source of iodine in human nutrition. The thesis provides a data of the consumption of milk and milk products and their contribution to the protection needs iodine for students and employees of the University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice. The experiment includes a total of 60 people (20 men and 40 women). Empirical data wasobtained within the grant project named GAJU 011/2013/Z and NAZV QH 81105. Data of consumption of milk and milk products were obtained through questionnaires. For men, average weekly consumption of milk was 826.5? 835.1 ml (118.1 ml per day) and for women 912.4? 783.9 ml (130.3 ml per day). Average consumption of yogurt for men was 361.0? 401.4 g per week (51.6 g per day), for woman 428.4? 338.8 g per week (61.2 g per day) and average consuption of cheese was for men 263.0? 240.5 g per week (37.6 g per day) and for woman was 260.2? 226.5 per week (37.2 g per day). Through the milk and milk products tested, men average 81.6 g of iodine per day, woman adopted 93.4 g. According to the results, the amout of consumed milk and milk products was lower than the nationwide average, but still covered more than half of daily iodine needs. The thesis presents the data of the iodine concentration in urine for students and employees of the University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice (n=62) as an indicator of iodine supply to the organism. The average iodine content in urine of all subjects (men and women) was 230.4? 171.3 gl-1, for men (n=21) reached 244.6? 195.2 gl-1, for women was 223.2? 159.8 gl-1. Results of the average iodine content in urine reflected the physiological range, i.e. for the students and employees of the University of South Bohemia was supply of iodine in organism sufficient. The thesis also provides information about the amount of iodine in asamples of cow´s milk on a selected farm (n=50) of the Jihocesky region, the Plzensky region and Vysocina during the years 2011 - 2013. Samples of cow´s milk were obtained in collaboration with the Central Laboratory of dairy Madeta a.s in Ceske Budejovice and Veterinary Centre s.r.o Susice. In 2011, the average concentration of iodine was 321,0? 337.8 gl-1, in 2012 was concentration of iodine 298.8? 290.8 gl-1 and in 2013 was 234.7? 116.1 gl-1 also otherwise: in all years was it was determined that there was an abundance of iodine. The highest values (315.6? 305.1 gl-1) of iodine was in the Jihocesky region. In Vysocina a lower average level of the iodine was detected (9.5 %), as well as in the Plzensky region where the amount of iodine in milk was lower by 53.7 %, compared to the South Bohemia region and 48.8 % compared to the Vysocina region.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-09-13Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:36:58Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_amr_me_botfmvz.pdf: 227271 bytes, checksum: 64f4c247cd4f63801d055480caf2cb02 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / Para avaliar os efeitos da suplementação dietética de maltodextrina, substituindo parcialmente a lactose, e de acidificante sobre o desempenho, viabilidade econômica e digestibilidade em leitões desmamados, foram conduzidos dois experimentos, sendo utilizados 144 leitões Dalland, com pesos iniciais médios de 6,0 0,45 e 5,8 0,53 kg nos experimentos I e II, respectivamente. Os delineamentos experimentais foram em blocos ao acaso, com arranjo fatorial dos tratamentos: ausência de maltodextrina e de acidificante; ausência de maltodextrina e presença de acidificante; presença de maltodextrina e ausência de acidificante; presença de maltodextrina e de acidificante. No experimento I foram utilizadas rações mais complexas, e no II, rações menos complexas. Não houve interação maltodextrina x acidificante e efeito de acidificante sobre o desempenho dos leitões nos períodos estudados nos dois experimentos (P>0,05). A maltodextrina determinou melhores consumo diário de ração e ganho diário de peso de 0 a 14 dias do experimento I (P=0,009), não sendo verificados efeitos sobre o desempenho de 0 a 28 dias (P>0,05) e nos períodos de 0 a 16 e 0 a 30 dias do experimento II (P>0,05). Não houve interação maltodextrina x acidificante e efeitos dos fatores (P>0,05) sobre os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes das rações pré-iniciais do experimento II. As rações com maltodextrina e maltodextrina mais acidificante proporcionaram maior vantagem econômica. A maltodextrina e o acidificante não influenciaram o valor nutricional das rações, sendo a maltodextrina uma alternativa às fontes de lactose para leitões desmamados. Combinado ou não com o acidificante nas rações, o uso da maltodextrina resultou em maior vantagem econômica em relação à lactose.

The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) was created in 1958 as one of the first policies of the European Economic Community. It is, however, also one of the most problematic ones. In this thesis I first address its creation, principles and targets. Then I describe reforms which had the goal of reducing some of the costs imposed by this policy on the society. As the main part of the thesis is devoted to the Czech farmers producing milk, I sum up the development of the Czech agricultural sector and in a great detail describe the regulation and subsidies connected with the production of milk and milk products. Using a simple microeconomic model, I analyze impact of various instruments of the CAP on domestic and foreign producers and consumers. In spite of many reforms, the biggest beneficiaries of the CAP are still the big producers of agricultural products -- support of small farmers is very limited. The costs of the CAP are born mainly by poor consumers and agricultural producers from non-EU countries. With a unique dataset obtained from the Czech State Agricultural Intervention Fund I describe the structure of subsidies utilized by Czech milk producers and its development in the period 2005--2008. Even though a substantial inequality in subsidy incomes is also evident among Czech milk quota holders, it is smaller than in the case of all farmers.

Phytoestrogens are very intensively studied in recent years because they show different pharmacological effects on human health. For example, it was demonstrated that phytoestrogens reduce the risk of certain cancers (breast, prostate or colon), act as antioxidants in the body and affect the activity of certain enzymes. In addition, also it was demonstrated number of positive effects of soybean phytoestrogens on the health status of women in the menopause, such as reducing the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease or osteoporosis. Various technologically processed soy beans are important part of the feed rations mainly for high-lactating dairy cows, because they are a valuable source of the energy and high-quality protein, despite their negative effect on reproductive performance. Phytoestrogens consumed from the feed rations are hydrolyzed in the rumen of dairy cow and together with their metabolites are absorbed in the small intestine into the blood. They can be excreted from the body in urine or milk. From this perspective, cow's milk may become a source of phytoestrogens substances, especially equol in the human nutrition. On the other hand, some research results suggest possible potential risks associated with phytoestrogens intake in the diet on human health. At the some age (infants and young children) and group (vegetarians) categories may be dietary intake of phytoestrogens undiserable. According to most experts, a beneficial effect on human health prevail the potential risks. However, the risks associated with phytoestrogens intake in food can not be ignored and therefore phytoestrogens are still actual problem in the field of scientific research.

Tyrimo tikslas. Ištirti ir įvertinti padidintos biologinės vertės maisto produktų (mineralinio vandens „Tichė“ ir rūgpienio, praturtinto konjuguota linolo rūgštimi ir probiotinėmis kultūromis) įtaką 2007/ 2008 m.m. besimokiusių Vilniaus universiteto Medicinos fakulteto II-o kurso Medicinos studijų programos studentų kai kuriems kraujo laboratoriniams rodikliams. Metodai. Vilniaus universiteto ligoninės Santariškių klinikų LDC buvo atlikti kraujo laboratoriniai tyrimai. Siekiant įvertinti vartotų padidintos biologinės vertės maisto produktų galimą poveikį organizmo virškinimo sistemos funkcijoms, buvo sudarytos anketos. Siekiant įvertinti, ar papildomai vartotas maistas turėjo įtakos kraujo biocheminiams rodikliams, buvo atlikti studentų faktinės mitybos tyrimai pagal standartinę 24 valandų apklausos metodiką. Duomenų suvedimui ir analizei panaudotos MICROSOFT EXCEL 2003, SPSS 12,0 programos. Rezultatai ir išvados. Asmenų, kurie vartojo mineralinį vandenį „Tichė“, jonizuoto Ca koncentracija kraujo plazmoje patikimai padidėjo, o kontrolinio bandinio metu, kai buvo vartojamas vien tik šaltinio vanduo, tiek jonizuoto Ca, tiek ir bendra Ca koncentracijos patikimai mažėjo. Tirtieji Medicinos fakulteto studentai pakankamai gerai žino, kiek reikėtų suvartoti geriamo vandens per parą ir supranta jo reikšmę organizmo fiziologinėms funkcijoms. Didžiausia dalis respondentų (net 67,9 proc.) gėrimui vartojo vandentiekio vandenį, tačiau, jeigu vandenį pirko parduotuvėse, 81,8 proc... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Purpose of the analysis. To investigate and to evaluate the influence of food products with increased biological value (“Tichė” mineral water and sour milk enriched with conjugated linoleic acid and probiotic cultures) on some laboratory blood test results of students who have attended the second year of Medicine studies at the Faculty of Medicine of Vilnius University in 2007/ 2008. Methods. Laboratory blood examinations were performed in the LDC of Vilnius University Hospital Santariškių Klinikos. In order to evaluate the possible effect of food products with increased biological value on digestive functions of the organism, questionnaires were distributed. In order to find out whether the additionally consumed food had any influence on biochemical blood indicators, actual student nutrition analyses based on standard 24-hour survey methodology were performed. Programs used for data processing and analysis were MICROSOFT EXCEL 2003, and SPSS 12 0. Results and conclusions. The ionized Ca concentration in the blood plasma of persons that were using “Tichė” mineral water increased reliably, while both ionized Ca and overall Ca concentrations were decreasing during a control test when only spring water was used. The examined medical students were sufficiently aware of the daily water amount that should be consumed and understand its significance to the physiological functions of the body. The majority of respondents (67.9 percent) were drinking tap water; however, if the water... [to full text]

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Submitted by Geandra Rodrigues (geandrar@gmail.com) on 2018-01-08T18:42:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 heliodossantosbeneditojunior.pdf: 2059943 bytes, checksum: d60331752ddc51b7127aa1d322ec931e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-01-22T16:48:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 heliodossantosbeneditojunior.pdf: 2059943 bytes, checksum: d60331752ddc51b7127aa1d322ec931e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-22T16:48:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 heliodossantosbeneditojunior.pdf: 2059943 bytes, checksum: d60331752ddc51b7127aa1d322ec931e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-22 / Doenças de origem alimentar (DOA) constituem um grave problema de saúde pública em nível mundial. O leite e seus derivados estão frequentemente envolvidos em surtos de DOA. Nos últimos anos, o governo brasileiro tem realizado vários esforços objetivando a prevenção dessas doenças, dentre eles, a aprovação de diversas normas relacionadas à implementação de programas de qualidade em laticínios. Diante deste contexto, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a associação entre o nível de implementação dos programas de autocontrole (PAC) e as condições higiênico-sanitárias em indústrias de laticínios. Foram avaliadas 15 indústrias de laticínios, situadas no sul do estado de Minas Gerais e cadastradas no serviço de inspeção federal (SIF). Foi elaborada uma lista de verificação (LV) para obtenção de dados observacionais concomitantemente à realização de análises microbiológicas de contagem de Staphylococcus coagulase positiva e aeróbios mesófilos das mãos dos manipuladores e mesas de processo, além da análise de fungos filamentosos e leveduras nos ambientes industriais. Todos os estabelecimentos, foram classificados por meio da aplicação da LV como ruins ou péssimos, segundo critérios estabelecidos. As indústrias também foram avaliadas isoladamente para cada elemento de controle obtendo classificações diversas dentre ótimas, boas, regulares, ruins e péssimas. As contagens de aeróbios mesófilos das mãos dos manipuladores indicaram que 82% dos resultados estavam em desacordo com o critério estabelecido de máximo de 100 UFC.mão-1, sendo que para as mesas 86,7% dos valores apresentaram-se não conformes. Para Staphylococcus coagulase positiva o percentual de resultados inadequados foi de 90% para as mãos e mesas, considerando como limite a ausência do patógeno. Nos ambientes, 98,33% dos resultados apresentaram-se inadequados, com contagens superiores a 30 UFC.cm-2.semana-1 para fungos filamentosos e leveduras. Por meio da comparação de médias e da análise de regressão, foi possível concluir que quanto maior as adequações com relação à implementação dos PAC, bem como dos PAC 8 (Limpeza e sanitização), PAC 9 (Higiene, hábitos higiênicos e saúde dos operários) e PAC 10 (Procedimentos sanitários das operações), menores as contagens microbiológicas de mãos, mesas e ambientes. O teste de Qui-Quadrado, salvo algumas exceções, demonstrou que empresas com maiores percentuais de implantação dos PAC, tendem a obter resultados mais satisfatórios para as contagens de aeróbios mesófilos e Staphylococcus coagulase positiva de mãos e mesas. Os resultados demonstraram que as indústrias avaliadas neste trabalho possuem sérias deficiências em seus PAC, que podem comprometer a inocuidade dos produtos acabados, visto que não há uma gestão da qualidade eficiente e eficaz. / Foodborne illnesses are the most serious public health issues in the world. Milk and its derivatives are often involved in outbreaks of foodborne illnesses. Recently, the Brazilian government has made several efforts at preventing these diseases, among them, the approval of several standards related to the implementation of quality programs in dairy products. In this context, this study aims to evaluate the association between the level of implementation of self-control programs and hygienic-sanitary conditions in dairy industries. Fifteen dairy industries, located in the south of the state of Minas Gerais and registered in the federal inspection service (FIS) were evaluated. A checklist was developed to obtain observational data concomitant to the performance of microbiological analyses of Coagulase Positive Staphylococcus and aerobic mesophil counts from the handlers and process tables, as well as the analysis of filamentous fungi and yeasts in industrial environments. All establishments were classified by applying the checklist as “bad” or “extremely bad” according to established criteria. The industries were also evaluated separately for each control element obtaining different classifications among the best, good, regular, bad, and extremely bad. The mesophilic aerobic counts of the manipulators' hands indicated that 82% of the results were in disagreement with the established criteria of a maximum of 100 CFU (Colony-forming Unit) on hands, and for the tables 86.7% of the values weren’t confirmed. For Coagulase Positive Staphylococcus the percentage of inadequate results was 90% for hands and tables, considering as the limit the absence of the pathogen. In the environments, 98.33% of the results were inadequate, with counts higher than 30 CFU.cm per week for filamentous fungi and yeasts. By comparing averages and regression analysis, it was possible to conclude that the higher the adaptations with regard to the implementation of self-control programs(SCP), as well as SCP 8 (Cleaning and sanitation), SCP 9 (Hygiene, hygienic habits and workers’ health) and SCP 10 (Sanitary procedures of operations), lower the microbiological counts on hands, tables and in the environments. The chi-squared test, with some exceptions, showed that companies with higher percentages of self-control programs implantation tended to obtain more satisfactory results for the counts of mesophilic aerobic and Coagulase Positive Staphylococcus on hands and tables. The results showed that the industries evaluated in this study have serious deficiencies in their self-control programs, which may compromise the safety of finished products since there is no efficient and effective quality management.

This thesis is concerned on the theme Milk and dairy products in nutrition of pupils aged 11 to 15 years. The theoretical part is based on the chemical composition of milk of general aspect and there are characterized some chosen kinds of dairy products and their effects on human health. The practical part is concerned on the research of being some statistically significant differences in consumption of milk and dairy products of the point of view of gender, age and access to milk and diary products in the families. The research is further based on the finding of the levels of probands'knowledge about the composition and the influence of milk to the human organism. The research sample is formed by 240 pupils of Secondary school in Domažlice, Komenského 17. The results show neither the gender, age or access to milk and diary products in the families do not affect the consumption of milk and dairy products of individual probands. The education unit whose aim is to increase the knowledge about milk of second graders in elementary schools is proposed on basis of identified facts.