Composition and texture of the Middle and Late Eocene volcanic, volcaniclastic, and volcanic-sedimentary rocks in the Bijgerd-Kuh e Kharchin area, in the Uromieh-Dokhtar zone northwest of Saveh, Iran, suggest the complexity of the magmatic system that involved multiple eruptions from one or more sources. Hydrated volcanic fragments in hyaloclastic rocks, and the presence of a sequence of shallow and intermediate-depth marine microfossils, suggest that the Middle Eocene units were erupted in a marine basin. The bimodal volcanism of the Late Eocene is distinguished by the presence of four alternating sequences of hyaloclastite lava and ignimbrite. The REE patterns show spatial homogeneity and temporal heterogeneity in the composition of all the Late Eocene sequences, suggesting origination of magma from varying sources that erupted at different times. The trace element distributions of the hyaloclastites and ignimbrites are compatible with those evolved through fractional crystallization of the lower and upper continental crust, respectively.

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La cessation des paiements, c’est sans aucun doute l’une des notions clés du droit des procédures collectives. Pour s’en rendre compte, il suffit de vérifier le contentieux qui en la matière est très abondant. Légalement définie au sein du premier alinéa de l’article L. 631-1 du Code de commerce comme l’impossibilité pou un débiteur de faire face à son passif exigible avec son actif disponible, cette définition, a été, à l’origine, l’œuvre d’une décision de la Cour de cassation rendue le 14 février 1978. Sous l’empire des dispositions antérieures à la loi de sauvegarde des entreprises, la cessation des paiements est un « curseur » qui sert de ligne de démarcation entre les procédures amiables et les procédures judiciaires. Un tel système a été dénoncé car il manquait cruellement de souplesse et d’efficacité dans la lutte contre les défaillances des entreprises. La loi du 26 juillet 2005, dans l’optique d’anticiper le traitement des difficultés des entreprises a mis un terme au système de « la cessation-curseur » en instituant la procédure amiable de conciliation et la procédure collective de sauvegarde. Toutefois, lorsque les « digues » que constituent les outils de l’anticipation n’ont pas pu enrayer le risque de cessation des paiements, le chef d’entreprise qui se retrouve dans une telle situation doit, dans un délai de quarante-cinq jours, demander l’ouverture d’une procédure de redressement ou de liquidation judiciaire. Lorsqu’il ouvre l’une ou l’autre de ces deux procédures, le tribunal saisi doit fixer une date de cessation des paiements. Cette date sera décisive pour la détermination de la période suspecte. De plus, l’ouverture des procédures collectives aura une incidence sur l’entreprise, elle joue sa survie, sur les créanciers dont le recouvrement de la créance est menacé, sur les fournisseurs qui craignent pour leurs relations contractuelles avec le débiteur, sur les garants qui craignent d’être appelés et sur la personne du débiteur elle-même. Sa gestion antérieure de l’entreprise sera scrutée et s’il en résulte des fautes en relation plus ou moins directe avec la cessation des paiements, il encourt des sanctions ou des actions en responsabilité. / Cessation of payments is certainly one of the key concepts in the law on collective insolvency proceedings. This can be seen by checking the litigation, which is very abundant in this matter. Legally defined in the first paragraph of Article L. 631-1 of the Commercial Code as the inability of a debtor to meet its accrued liabilities with its quick assets, this definition originated in a decision of the Court of Cassation issued on February 14, 1978. Under the provisions prior to the insolvency act, cessation of payments is a "cursor" which serves as a line of demarcation between amicable proceedings and judicial proceedings. Such a system has been criticized for being sorely lacking in flexibility and effectiveness in preventing business failures. The law of July 26, 2005, with the objective of anticipating treatment of company difficulties, put an end to the "cessation-cursor" by instituting the amicable conciliation proceeding and the collective insolvency proceeding. However, when the "barriers" formed by the anticipation tools have not been able to halt the risk of cessation of payments, the company director in such a situation must, within a period of forty-five days, request the initiation of a receivership or court-supervised liquidation proceeding. When either of these proceedings is initiated, the court must fix a date of cessation of payments. This date will be final for the determination of the suspect period. Moreover, the initiation of collective insolvency proceedings will have an effect on the enterprise fighting for survival, on the creditors whose ability to collect their debt is threatened, on the suppliers worried about their contractual relations with the debtor, on the guarantors who fear being called upon and on the debtor itself. Prior management of the enterprise will be probed and if faults more or less closely connected to the cessation of payments are revealed, sanctions or tort actions may result.

Thesis deals with monitoring of pupil integration options - foreigners into the educational process from the perspective of teacher development of intercultural competence. The very objective of this study was to monitor the process of developing intercultural competencies, and also to track and identify factors that influence this process in the course of educational activities in elementary school. The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part is divided into five chapters based on the analysis of literature related to this issue. The second chapter further defines the basic concepts of migration and intercultural education students - foreigners. The third chapter defines the concept of culture and concepts that connected with it, acculturation, cultural identity, culture shock, intercultural sensitivity, prejudices and stereotypes. The following chapter is responsible for defining the concepts of intercultural communication, bilingualism, intercultural conflict and intercultural friendship. The fifth chapter is devoted to teachers as a factor that significantly contributes to the educational process and the integration of students - foreigners. Furthermore, this chapter deals with intercultural competence and possibilities of their development, appropriate...