Prašymas iškelti bankroto bylą yra ne tik prašymas pripažinti teisę, bet ir taikyti skolininkui priemonių, susijusių su įmonės gelbėjimu, visumą ir proporcingai patenkinti visų įmonės kreditorių reikalavimus, susijusius išimtinai su įmonės skolininkės turtu. Nors įstatymų leidėjas siekia apginti daugiausiai kreditoriaus interesus, tačiau labai svarbu ir įmonės skolininkės akcininkų teisės. Tyrimo metu buvo išskirta, kad akcininkai turi tiek turtines, tiek neturtines teises, kuriomis jie gali disponuoti įstatymų ribose, tačiau bankroto metu akcininkai išlaiko tik teisę gauti likviduojamos bendrovės turto dalį, jei bendrovė būtų likviduojama. Lietuvos Respublikos įmonių bankroto įstatyme nustatytos ir kitos teisės, kurias bendrovės akcininkai įgyja nuo bankroto procedūrų pradžios: 1) teikti paaiškinimus; 2) siūlyti pradėti įmonei neteisminę bankroto procedūrą; 3) sudaryti sandorius, susijusius su įmonės restruktūrizavimu; 4) sudaryti taikos sutartį. Teisių gynimo būdai nustatyti įstatymuose. CK nustato teisių gynimą teismo keliu ir savigyną. ĮBĮ galima išskirti teisę sudaryti taikos sutartį, sudaryti sandorius dėl įmonės restruktūrizavimo, taip pat su ieškiniu kreiptis į teismą tiek dėl bankroto bylos pradėjimo, tiek dėl žalos, padarytos įmonei, priteisimo kaip akcininkų teisių gynimo būdai. Pažymėtina, kad akcininkų teisės bankroto procese ginamos menkai, dažnai jos tinkamai neįgyvendinamos ar visai neįgyvendinamos dėl jų menko reglamentavimo, susiklosčiusios teismų praktikos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / A claim concerning the initiation of bankruptcy proceedings is not only an application to recognize the right but also to apply the entirety of measures that are intended to the salvation of the company in order to proportionally satisfy the requirements of the creditors related exclusively to the assets of the company debtor. Notwithstanding to the aim of the legislative body to protect the interests of creditors, the rights of the shareholders of the company debtor is of no less importance. However such rights are lesser discussed topic. The study revealed that the shareholders have property and non-property rights that may be exercised in compliance with legislation. In case of initiation of the bankruptcy proceedings with a court, the shareholders retain their rights, however their property rights as well as no-property rights are limited to the benefit of the creditors. The study revealed that during bankruptcy procedure the shareholders retain just one right provided for by the Law on Companies of the Republic of Lithuania, namely: to receive a part of assets of the company under liquidation, in case of the liquidation of the company. The Law on Enterprise Bankruptcy of the Republic of Lithuania provides for the following rights acquired by the shareholders of the company from the beginning of the bankruptcy procedures:1) to file explanations; 2) to make a proposal to the company to start non-judicial bankruptcy proceedings 3) to enter into agreements related to the... [to full text]

No abstract available. / Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / gm2014 / Centre for Human Rights / unrestricted

Em instalações nucleares o controle do material nuclear é uma das atividades da maior importância. A Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear (CNEN) e a Agencia Internacional de Energia Atomica (AIEA) quando de suas inspeções rotineiras tem os dados fornecidos como um fator de segurança. Ter um sistema de controle de material nuclear que permita a qualquer momento reportar a quantidade e a localização dos diversos itens a serem inspecionados é um fator de primordial importância nos dias de hoje. Neste trabalho objetivou-se aprimorar um sistema já existente utilizando para seu desenvolvimento uma plataforma mais amigável através da linguagem de programação VisualBasic (Microsoft Corporation) para facilitar a equipe de operação do Reator IEA-R1 o fornecimento de dados que possibilitem o melhor controle dos materiais nucleares do Reator IEA-R1. Esses dados tem permitido o desenvolvimento de trabalhos a serem apresentados em congressos nacionais ou internacionais bem como em dissertações de mestrado ou teses de doutorado. O programa foi desenvolvido para atender as exigências das normas de salvaguarda da CNEN e da AIEA, mas suas funções podem ser ampliadas conforme as necessidades futuras. Este sistema poderá ser utilizado em outros reatores que por ventura sejam contruidos no pais, pois é bem pratico e sua utilização permite um um controle efetivo sobre o material nuclear da instalação. / In nuclear facilities, the nuclear material control is one of the most important activities. The National Commission of Nuclear Energy (CNEN) and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), when inspecting routinely, regards the data provided as a major safety factor. Having a control system of nuclear material that allows the amount and location of the various items to be inspected, at any time, is a key factor today. The objective of this work was to enhance the existing system using a more friendly platform of development, through the VisualBasic programming language (Microsoft Corporation), to facilitate the operation team of the reactor IEA-R1 Reactor tasks, providing data that enable a better and prompter control of the IEAR1 nuclear material. These data have allowed the development of papers presented at national and international conferences and the development of master´s dissertations and doctorate theses. The software object of this study was designed to meet the requirements of the CNEN and the IAEA safeguard rules, but its functions may be expanded in accordance with future needs. The program developed can be used in other reactors to be built in the country, since it is very practical and allows an effective control of the nuclear material in the facilities.

Em instalações nucleares o controle do material nuclear é uma das atividades da maior importância. A Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear (CNEN) e a Agencia Internacional de Energia Atomica (AIEA) quando de suas inspeções rotineiras tem os dados fornecidos como um fator de segurança. Ter um sistema de controle de material nuclear que permita a qualquer momento reportar a quantidade e a localização dos diversos itens a serem inspecionados é um fator de primordial importância nos dias de hoje. Neste trabalho objetivou-se aprimorar um sistema já existente utilizando para seu desenvolvimento uma plataforma mais amigável através da linguagem de programação VisualBasic (Microsoft Corporation) para facilitar a equipe de operação do Reator IEA-R1 o fornecimento de dados que possibilitem o melhor controle dos materiais nucleares do Reator IEA-R1. Esses dados tem permitido o desenvolvimento de trabalhos a serem apresentados em congressos nacionais ou internacionais bem como em dissertações de mestrado ou teses de doutorado. O programa foi desenvolvido para atender as exigências das normas de salvaguarda da CNEN e da AIEA, mas suas funções podem ser ampliadas conforme as necessidades futuras. Este sistema poderá ser utilizado em outros reatores que por ventura sejam contruidos no pais, pois é bem pratico e sua utilização permite um um controle efetivo sobre o material nuclear da instalação. / In nuclear facilities, the nuclear material control is one of the most important activities. The National Commission of Nuclear Energy (CNEN) and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), when inspecting routinely, regards the data provided as a major safety factor. Having a control system of nuclear material that allows the amount and location of the various items to be inspected, at any time, is a key factor today. The objective of this work was to enhance the existing system using a more friendly platform of development, through the VisualBasic programming language (Microsoft Corporation), to facilitate the operation team of the reactor IEA-R1 Reactor tasks, providing data that enable a better and prompter control of the IEAR1 nuclear material. These data have allowed the development of papers presented at national and international conferences and the development of master´s dissertations and doctorate theses. The software object of this study was designed to meet the requirements of the CNEN and the IAEA safeguard rules, but its functions may be expanded in accordance with future needs. The program developed can be used in other reactors to be built in the country, since it is very practical and allows an effective control of the nuclear material in the facilities.

Nuclear energy is a growing field worldwide due to its wide range of applications in various walks of life. It, however, deals with radioactive materials, specifically special nuclear material, which, if misused, could result in catastrophic consequences. In order to protect this precious resource and ensure its use for the good of mankind, safeguard systems are more important than ever. Current Market solutions are wide ranged but have a large number of disadvantages, some of which include high cost, constant updates, and incomplete efforts. The rising need of a cost effective, efficient, and integrated radioactive safeguard system serves as motivation for the solution outlined in this thesis. The thesis outlines a solution structured around the three pillars of the international safeguards program, namely, visual surveillance and motion detection, containment analysis, and non-destructive analysis. The hardware around each of these pillars work together with a clean and user-friendly application to provide a secure safeguards system that is both flexible and extensible.

The purpose of this research is to provide the members of Safeguard Fire Security with the knowledge and tools to make an informed decision as to whether the business should be enlarged by extension into new geographical areas through acquisitions and mergers, or by diversification into other product-markets. In order to optimise the company's growth objectives, strategic decisions must be made and the reasons why firms diversify or expand is discussed. Different types of diversification strategies are contemplated and considered. It is noted that expansion offers a strong transfer of technology and or marketing competence, while in diversification novel products are acquired and previously unexplored markets are entered. Since diversification is costly and risky, attention is given to the question of whether the firm can solve its problems without diversifying (internal assessment). The discussion on the internal assessment of the firm is done through an 'internal assessment diagram' that steers the assessment through several steps. In order to analyse the product-market opportunities that are available to the firm outside its present scope and thus produce the final decision whether the firm should diversify, an external appraisal of the firm is done. The analysis is done through an 'external assessment diagram' that puts the firm in the position to make a diversification decision. The firm can now make a choice to pursue expansion, diversification, or both. The particular course of action chosen and its timing depends on the risk philosophy of the firm's management. After the firm has applied the procedure for developing product-market alternatives the stage is set for a major decision point at which the firm commits itself to a particular product-market scope and growth vector. Instead of seeking remedies in operational improvements (such as cost reduction, new managers or reorganising of the company), the members of Safeguard Fire Security decided to revamp the entire product-market position. It is pointed out that more diversification and expansion options should have been considered and several recommendations are made with the aim of guiding the members in their new venture. It was concluded that the product diversification opportunity to manufacture fire appliance equipment for the fire industry was attractive enough to sacrifice expansion moves and even to relinquish some parts of the firm's present business. / Thesis (MBA)-University of Natal, 2003.

The agricultural negotiations in the World Trade Organization's (WTO) Doha Development Agenda (DDA) are calling for a specific Special Safeguard Mechanism (SSM) for developing countries that will protect agricultural producers from import surges or price declines, and could potentially add stability to domestic markets. While most of the parameters of this SSM have been decided upon, the DDA negotiations faltered on the issue of whether or not developing nations should be allowed to exceed their pre-Doha bound tariff rates when invoking the SSM. For developing countries, tariffs on agricultural products are an important policy tool to support domestic prices and protect their smallholder producers from global market shifts. Tariffs, however, distort world prices and create global welfare losses. The purpose of this thesis is to assess the impacts of the SSM on global prices and welfare using a non-spatial, synthetic, stochastic, global, partial equilibrium model of the world soybean market. The SSM is assessed in concert with the currently proposed DDA tariff cutting formulas since the additional duties allowed under the SSM are proportional to prevailing bound tariff levels. This study asserts that the SSM actually decreases global price and welfare stability, decreasing world prices of the commodities on which an SSM is placed, though positively affects tariff revenues for those particular commodities. While the SSM may offer a short-term solution for developing countries, its long-term outlook as a price stabilization tool is a not credible argument. / Master of Science

This thesis examines the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) in the financial sector, highlighting the risks and necessary safety measures for their application in financial services. As these models become more common in various financial tools, they bring both new opportunities and significant challenges, such as potential errors in financial advice and privacy issues. This work introduces a detailed safeguarded framework designed to improve the reliability, security, and ethical use of LLMs in financial applications. The framework includes specific safety features like checking user inputs, detecting incorrect information, and preventing security breaches to tackle these challenges effectively. Using quantitative testing benchmarks and case studies with a financial chatbot, this thesis shows that this framework helps reduce operational risks and increases trust among users. The results show that while LLMs already have some built-in safety features, adding tailored security measures greatly strengthens these systems against complex threats. This study advances the discussion on AI safety in financial settings and provides a practical guide for implementing strong safety measures that ensure reliable and ethical financial services.

Die stetige Weiterentwicklung von Mess- und Überwachungstechnik ermöglicht Setzungsprozesse und Gebirgsdeformationen mit zunehmender Genauigkeit in numerischen Modellen abzubilden. Mit Hilfe von Laserscans, durchgeführt sowohl vor als auch während der Bauarbeiten, können genauere numerische Modelle erstellt werden. Die baubegleitende Anpassung der Modellgeometrie ermöglicht zudem eine weitere Nachkalibrierung der Simulationen und erhöht damit die Zuverlässigkeit von Prognoseberechnungen. Die Simulationsergebnisse können fortlaufend mit den ursprünglichen Planungen abgeglichen und somit Ausbauplanungen angepasst und optimiert werden. / The ongoing development of monitoring and surveillance technology enables us to reproduce subsidence and rock mass deformation in numerical models with increasing precision. Laserscans prior to and during the construction work increase the spatial accuracy of numerical models. Adjustments of the model geometry during the construction work allow a recalibration of models and increase the reliability of forecast simulations. Simulation results can be successively compared to construction plans and allow adjustments and optimizations of support designs.

No description available.